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Communications

Airports [time series]

total: 20 usable: 13 with permanent-surface runways: 6 with runways over 3,659 m: 0 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 8

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 13,351 km (some roads in serious disrepair) paved: bituminous 2,622 km unpaved: crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth 7,105 km; unimproved earth 3,624 km

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters

Ports [time series]

Kampong Saom, Phnom Penh

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

612 km 1.000-meter gauge, government owned

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

service barely adequate for government requirements and virtually nonexistent for general public; international service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries; broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, 1 TV

Defense Forces

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

$NA, NA% of GDP

Legislative branch (Khmer Royal Armed Forces (KRAF)) [time series]

created in 1993 by the merger of the Cambodian People's Armed Forces and the two non-Communist resistance armies; note - the KRAF is also known as the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF)

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 2,182,912; fit for military service 1,217,357; reach military age (18) annually 67,463 (1994 est.)

Resistance forces [time series]

National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

accounts for 50% of GDP; mainly subsistence farming except for rubber plantations; main crops - rice, rubber, corn; food shortages - rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour

Budget [time series]

revenues: $350 million expenditures: $350 million, including capital expenditures of $133 million (1994 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 new riel (CR) = 100 sen

Economic aid [time series]

recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $725 million; Western (non-US countries) (1970-89), $300 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $1.8 billion; donor countries and multilateral institutions pledged $880 million in assistance in 1992

Electricity [time series]

capacity: 35,000 kW production: 70 million kWh consumption per capita: 9 kWh (1990)

Exchange rates [time series]

riels (CR) per US$1 - 2,390 (December 1993), 2,800 (September 1992), 500 (December 1991), 560 (1990), 159.00 (1988), 100.00 (1987)

Exports [time series]

$70 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.) commodities: natural rubber, rice, pepper, raw timber partners: Thailand, Japan, India, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Vietnam

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

total outstanding bilateral official debt to OECD members $248 million (yearend 1991), plus 840 million ruble debt to former CEMA countries

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Illicit drugs [time series]

secondary transshipment country for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle

Imports [time series]

$360 million (c.i.f., 1992 est.) commodities: international food aid; fuels, consumer goods, machinery partners: Japan, India, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, China, Vietnam

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 15.6% (year NA); accounts for 10% of GDP

Industries [time series]

rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

60% (1993 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $6 billion (1993 est.)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$600 (1993 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

7.5% (1993 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

The Cambodian economy - virtually destroyed by decades of war - is slowly recovering. Government leaders are moving toward restoring fiscal and monetary discipline and have established good working relations with international financial institutions. Despite such positive developments, the reconstruction effort faces many tough challenges. Rural Cambodia, where 90% of almost ten million Khmer live, remains mired in poverty. The almost total lack of basic infrastructure in the countryside will hinder development and will contribute to a growing imbalance in growth between urban and rural areas over the near term. Moreover, the new government's lack of experience in administering economic and technical assistance programs, and rampant corruption among officials, will slow the growth of critical public sector investment. Inflation for 1993 as a whole was 60%, less than a quarter of the 1992 rate, and was declining during the year. The government hoped the rate would fall to 10% in early 1994.

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 181,040 sq km land area: 176,520 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Oklahoma

Climate [time series]

tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to October); dry season (December to March); little seasonal temperature variation

Coastline [time series]

443 km

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

current issues: deforestation resulting in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries) natural hazards: monsoonal rains (June to November) international agreements: party to - Marine Life Conservation; signed, but not ratified - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

offshore islands and sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined; parts of border with Thailand in dispute; maritime boundary with Thailand not clearly defined

Irrigated land [time series]

920 sq km (1989 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total 2,572 km, Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 16% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 3% forest and woodland: 76% other: 4%

Location [time series]

Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand and Vietnam

Map references [time series]

Asia, Southeast Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural resources [time series]

timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential

Note [time series]

a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap

Terrain [time series]

mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

20 provinces (khet, singular and plural); Banteay Meanchey, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Phnum Penh, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri, Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev

Capital [time series]

Phnom Penh

Constitution [time series]

promulgated September 1993

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

Ambassador SISOWATH SIRIRATH represents Cambodia at the United Nations

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated NA September 1993) head of government: power shared between First Prime Minister Prince Norodom RANARIDDH and Second Prime Minister HUN SEN cabinet: Council of Ministers; elected by the National Assembly

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

(855) 23-26437

Flag [time series]

horizontal band of red separates two equal horizontal bands of blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center

Independence [time series]

9 November 1949 (from France)

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court established under the constitution has not yet been established and the future judicial system is yet to be defined by law

Legal system [time series]

currently being defined

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral; a 120-member constituent assembly based on proportional representation within each province was establised following the UN-supervised election in May 1993; the constituent assembly was transformed into a legislature in September 1993 after delegates promulgated the constitution

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

ACCT (observer), AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, ITU, LORCS, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia conventional short form: Cambodia local long form: Reacheanachak Kampuchea local short form: Kampuchea

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 9 November 1949

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC) under Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party (CPP) under CHEA SIM; Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party under SON SANN; Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge) under KHIEU SAMPHAN

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Government type (Type) [time series]

multiparty liberal democracy under a constitutional monarchy established in September 1993

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Charles H. TWINING embassy: 27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546 telephone: (855) 23-26436 or (855) 23-26438

People

Birth rate [time series]

45.09 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate [time series]

16.36 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

110.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Labor force [time series]

2.5 million to 3 million by occupation: agriculture 80% (1988 est.)

Languages [time series]

Khmer (official), French

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 49.26 years male: 47.8 years female: 50.8 years (1994 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 35% male: 48% female: 22%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Cambodian(s) adjective: Cambodian

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Population [time series]

10,264,628 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.87% (1994 est.)

Religions [time series]

Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5%

Total fertility rate [time series]

5.81 children born/woman (1994 est.)