Airports [time series]

22 total, 9 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

13,351 km total; 2,622 km bituminous; 7,105 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; 3,624 km unimproved earth; some roads in disrepair

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters

Ports [time series]

Kampong Saom, Phnom Penh

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

612 km 1.000-meter gauge, government owned

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

service barely adequate for government requirements and virtually nonexistent for general public; international service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries; stations--1 AM, no FM, 1 TV

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

SOC--Cambodian People's Armed Forces (CPAF); Communist resistance forces--National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge); non-Communist resistance forces--Armee National Kampuchea Independent (ANKI) which is sometimes anglicized as National Army of Independent Cambodia (NAIC) and Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces (KPNLAF)

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

$NA, NA% of GDP

Manpower availability [time series]

males 15-49, 1,869,880; 1,030,356 fit for military service; 57,288 reach military age (18) annually

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

mainly subsistence farming except for rubber plantations; main crops--rice, rubber, corn; food shortages--rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour

Budget [time series]

revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

riel (plural--riels); 1 riel (CR) = 100 sen

Economic aid [time series]

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $719 million; Western (non-US) countries (1970-88), $285 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $1,800 million

Electricity [time series]

126,000 kW capacity; 150 million kWh produced, 20 kWh per capita (1990)

Exchange rates [time series]

riels (CR) per US$1--560 (November 1990), 159.00 (1988), 100.00 (1987), 30.00 (1986), 7.00 (1985)

Exports [time series]

$32 million (f.o.b., 1988); commodities--natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood; partners--Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$600 million (1989)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

$890 million, per capita $130; real growth rate 0% (1989 est.)

Imports [time series]

$147 million (c.i.f., 1988); commodities--international food aid; fuels, consumer goods, machinery; partners--Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate NA%

Industries [time series]

rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

50% (first half 1990)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Cambodia is a desperately poor country whose economic development has been stymied by deadly political infighting. The economy is based on agriculture and related industries. Over the past decade Cambodia has been slowly recovering from its near destruction by war and political upheaval. It still remains, however, one of the world's poorest countries, with an estimated per capita GDP of about $130. The food situation is precarious; during the 1980s famine has been averted only through international relief. In 1986 the production level of rice, the staple food crop, was able to meet only 80% of domestic needs. The biggest success of the nation's recovery program has been in new rubber plantings and in fishing. Industry, other than rice processing, is almost nonexistent. Foreign trade is primarily with the USSR and Vietnam. Statistical data on the economy continues to be sparse and unreliable. Foreign aid from the USSR and Eastern Europe almost certainly is being slashed.

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Climate [time series]

tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to October); dry season (December to March); little seasonal temperature variation

Coastline [time series]

443 km Contiguous zone: 24 nm; Continental shelf: 200 nm; Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm; Territorial sea: 12 nm

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly smaller than Oklahoma

Disputes - international (Disputes) [time series]

offshore islands and three sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined; occupied by Vietnam on 25 December 1978

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

a land of paddies and forests dominated by Mekong River and Tonle Sap

Land boundaries [time series]

2,572 km total; Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

Land use [time series]

arable land 16%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 3%; forest and woodland 76%; other 4%; includes irrigated 1%

Natural resources [time series]

timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential

Note [time series]

buffer between Thailand and Vietnam

Terrain [time series]

mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north

Area (Total area) [time series]

181,040 km2; land area: 176,520 km2

Administrative divisions [time series]

NGC--18 provinces (khet, singular and plural) and 1 capital city* (rottatheanei); Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Phnum Penh*, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri, Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev; note--the SOC adds a province of Banteay Meanchey and an autonomous municipality of Kampong Saom to the NGC administrative structure

Capital [time series]

Phnom Penh

Constitution [time series]

SOC--27 June 1981

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

none NGC--three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white stylized three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat centered on the red band; SOC--two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and blue with a gold stylized five-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center

Executive branch [time series]

NGC--president, prime minister; SOC--chairman of the Council of State, Council of State, chairman of the Council of Ministers, Council of Ministers

Independence [time series]

9 November 1953 (from France)

Judicial branch [time series]

NGC--none; SOC--Supreme People's Court Chief of State--NGC--President Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK (since NA July 1982); SOC--Chairman of the Council of State HENG SAMRIN (since 27 June 1981) Head of Government--NGC--Prime Minister SON SANN (since NA July 1982); SOC--Chairman of the Council of Ministers HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985)

Legislative branch [time series]

NGC--none; SOC--unicameral National Assembly

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

none

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, LORCS, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO

National holiday (National holidays) [time series]

NGC--Independence Day, 17 April (1975); SOC--Liberation Day, 7 January (1979)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

NGC--three resistance groups including: Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge) under KHIEU SAMPHAN; Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) under SON SANN; and National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC) under Prince NORODOM RANNARIDH; SOC--Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party (KPRP) led by HENG SAMRIN

Suffrage [time series]

NGC--none; SOC--universal at age 18 NGC--none; SOC--National Assembly--last held 1 May 1981; in February 1986 the Assembly voted to extend its term for five years; results--KPRP is the only party; seats--(123 total) KPRP 123

Government type (Type) [time series]

disputed between the National Government of Cambodia (NGC) led by Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK, and the State of Cambodia (SOC) led by HENG SAMRIN

Birth rate [time series]

38 births/1,000 population (1991)

Death rate [time series]

16 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Khmer 90%, Chinese 5%, other 5%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

125 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

Labor force [time series]

2.5-3.0 million; agriculture 80% (1988 est.)

Languages (Language) [time series]

Khmer (official), French

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

48 years male, 51 years female (1991)

Literacy [time series]

35% (male 48%, female 22%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun--Cambodian(s); adjective--Cambodian

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

Organized labor [time series]

Kampuchea Federation of Trade Unions (FSC); under government control

Population [time series]

7,146,386 (July 1991), growth rate 2.2% (1991)

Religions (Religion) [time series]

Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5%

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.5 children born/woman (1991)