ARCHIVE // KH // 2015

Cambodia

2015 Edition — sovereign

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Communications
Broadcast media [time series]
mixture of state-owned, joint public-private, and privately owned broadcast media; 9 TV broadcast stations with most operating on multiple channels, including 1 state-operated station broadcasting from multiple locations, 6 stations either jointly operated or privately owned with some broadcasting from several locations, and 2 TV relay stations - one relaying a French TV station and the other relaying a Vietnamese TV station; multi-channel cable and satellite systems are available; roughly 50 radio broadcast stations - 1 state-owned broadcaster with multiple stations and a large mixture of public and private broadcasters; several international broadcasters are available (2009)
Internet country code [time series]
.kh
Internet users [time series]
total: 831,700 | percent of population: 5.4% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 124
Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]
AM 1, FM 50, shortwave NA (2008)
Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]
general assessment: adequate fixed-line and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; mobile-cellular phone systems are widely used in urban areas to bypass deficiencies in the fixed-line network; mobile-phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas | domestic: fixed-line connections stand at about 4 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage, aided by competition among service providers, is increasing rapidly and stands at 92 per 100 persons | international: country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) (2011)
Telephones - fixed lines [time series]
total subscriptions: 440,000 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 99
Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]
total: 23.9 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 155 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 48
Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]
9 (2009)
Economy
Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]
rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, cassava (manioc, tapioca), silk
Budget [time series]
revenues: $2.673 billion | expenditures: $3.386 billion (2014 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]
-4.2% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 86
Central bank discount rate [time series]
NA% (31 December 2012) | 5.25% (31 December 2007)
Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]
12.6% (31 December 2014 est.) | 12.8% (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 62
Current account balance [time series]
-$1.853 billion (2014 est.) | -$1.639 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 144
Debt - external [time series]
$5.631 billion (2014 est.) | $5.124 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 116
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]
37.9 (2008 est.) | 41.9 (2004 est.) | country comparison to the world: 72
Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]
Cambodia has experienced strong economic growth over the last decade. Cambodian GDP grew at an average annual rate of over 8% between 2000 and 2010 and over 7% since 2011. The tourism, garment, construction and real estate, and agriculture sectors accounted for the bulk of growth. Around 600,000 people, the majority of whom are women, are employed in the garment and footwear sector. An additional 500,000 Cambodians are employed in the tourism sector, and a further 50,000 people in construction. In 2005, exploitable oil deposits were found beneath Cambodia's territorial waters, representing a potential revenue stream for the government, if commercial extraction becomes feasible. Some of the deposits are located within the so-called overlapping claimed areas with Thailand. However, an unresolved border dispute with Thailand has so far prevented development in those areas. Mining also is attracting some investor interest and the government has touted opportunities for mining bauxite, gold, iron and gems. The tourism industry has continued to grow rapidly with foreign arrivals exceeding 2 million per year since 2007 and reaching around 4.5 million visitors in 2014. Cambodia, nevertheless, remains one of the poorest countries in Asia and long-term economic development remains a daunting challenge, inhibited by endemic corruption, limited educational opportunities, high income inequality, and poor job prospects. As of 2012, approximately 2.66 million people live on less than $1.20 per day, and 37% of Cambodian children under the age of 5 suffer from chronic malnutrition. More than 50% of the population is less than 25 years old. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the impoverished countryside, which also lacks basic infrastructure. The Cambodian Government has been working with bilateral and multilateral donors, including the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank and IMF, to address the country's many pressing needs; more than 30% of the government budget comes from donor assistance. A major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance. Following the 2013 national elections, the government announced a variety of economic and business reforms. The government is also moving forward with new legislation to meet the 2015 deadline for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Economic Community.
Exchange rates [time series]
riels (KHR) per US dollar - | 4,075 (2014 est.) | 3,995 (2013 est.) | 4,033 (2012 est.) | 4,058.5 (2011 est.) | 4,184.9 (2010 est.)
Exports [time series]
$7.569 billion (2014 est.) | $6.89 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 107
Exports - commodities [time series]
clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear
Exports - partners [time series]
US 24.1%, UK 8.7%, Germany 8.1%, Canada 7%, Japan 6.5%, Vietnam 5.3%, Thailand 5%, Netherlands 4.6%, China 4.1% (2014)
Fiscal year [time series]
calendar year
GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]
$16.55 billion (2014 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]
$49.96 billion (2014 est.) | $46.71 billion (2013 est.) | $43.48 billion (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 109
GDP - composition, by end use [time series]
household consumption: 77% | government consumption: 7.3% | investment in fixed capital: 18.4% | investment in inventories: 1.5% | exports of goods and services: 60.8% | imports of goods and services: -65% | (2014 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]
agriculture: 32.7% | industry: 25.5% | services: 41.8% (2014 est.)
Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]
$3,300 (2014 est.) | $3,100 (2013 est.) | $2,800 (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 183
Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]
7% (2014 est.) | 7.4% (2013 est.) | 7.3% (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 16
Gross national saving [time series]
11.2% of GDP (2014 est.) | 11.3% of GDP (2013 est.) | 12.5% of GDP (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 131
Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]
lowest 10%: 2% | highest 10%: 28% (2013 est.)
Imports [time series]
$10.58 billion (2014 est.) | $9.489 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 102
Imports - commodities [time series]
petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products
Imports - partners [time series]
Thailand 28.1%, China 20.6%, Vietnam 16.8%, Singapore 7%, Hong Kong 5.7%, South Korea 4.1% (2014)
Industrial production growth rate [time series]
9.6% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 14
Industries [time series]
tourism, garments, construction, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles
Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]
1.2% (2014 est.) | 4.6% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 71
Labor force [time series]
7.974 million (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 60
Labor force - by occupation [time series]
agriculture: 48.7% | industry: 19.9% | services: 31.5% (2013 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]
$NA
Population below poverty line [time series]
17.7% (2012 est.)
Public debt [time series]
33.9% of GDP (2014 est.) | 33.4% of GDP (2013 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]
$5.801 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $4.995 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 90
Stock of broad money [time series]
$9.918 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $8.236 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 106
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]
$29.17 billion (2014 est.)
Stock of domestic credit [time series]
$7.37 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $6.184 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 112
Stock of narrow money [time series]
$1.354 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $1.194 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 145
Taxes and other revenues [time series]
15.8% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 176
Unemployment rate [time series]
0.3% (2013 est.) | 0.2% (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 1
Energy
Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]
6.5 million Mt (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 118
Crude oil - exports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 92
Crude oil - imports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 168
Crude oil - production [time series]
0.5 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 125
Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]
0 bbl (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 114
Electricity - consumption [time series]
3.553 billion kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 137
Electricity - exports [time series]
0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 116
Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]
32.7% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 127
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]
57.4% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 63
Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 60
Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]
10% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 88
Electricity - imports [time series]
2.282 billion kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 61
Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]
949,000 kW (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 124
Electricity - production [time series]
1.77 billion kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 146
Natural gas - consumption [time series]
0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 126
Natural gas - exports [time series]
0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 71
Natural gas - imports [time series]
0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 169
Natural gas - production [time series]
0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 112
Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]
0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 119
Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]
47,490 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105
Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 161
Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]
26,250 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 96
Refined petroleum products - production [time series]
0 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 128
Geography
Area [time series]
total: 181,035 sq km | land: 176,515 sq km | water: 4,520 sq km | country comparison to the world: 90
Area - comparative [time series]
slightly smaller than Oklahoma
Climate [time series]
tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline [time series]
443 km
Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]
lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m | highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m
Environment - current issues [time series]
illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing
International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]
total: 2.18 cu km/yr (4%/2%/94%) | per capita: 159.8 cu m/yr (2006)
Geographic coordinates [time series]
13 00 N, 105 00 E
Geography - note [time series]
a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap (Southeast Asia's largest freshwater lake)
Irrigated land [time series]
3,536 sq km (2006)
Land boundaries [time series]
total: 2,530 km | border countries (3): Laos 555 km, Thailand 817 km, Vietnam 1,158 km
Land use [time series]
agricultural land: 32.1% | arable land 22.7%; permanent crops 0.9%; permanent pasture 8.5% | forest: 56.5% | other: 11.4% (2011 est.)
Location [time series]
Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos
Map references [time series]
Southeast Asia
Maritime claims [time series]
territorial sea: 12 nm | contiguous zone: 24 nm | exclusive economic zone: 200 nm | continental shelf: 200 nm
Natural hazards [time series]
monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts
Natural resources [time series]
oil and gas, timber, gemstones, iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential, arable land
Terrain [time series]
mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Total renewable water resources [time series]
476.1 cu km (2011)
Government
Administrative divisions [time series]
24 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 1 municipality (krong, singular and plural) | provinces: Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampong Thom, Kampot, Kandal, Kep, Koh Kong, Kratie, Mondolkiri, Oddar Meanchey, Pailin, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Pursat, Ratanakiri, Siem Reap, Sihanoukville, Stung Treng, Svay Rieng, Takeo, Tbong Khmum | municipalities: Phnom Penh (Phnum Penh)
Capital [time series]
name: Phnom Penh | geographic coordinates: 11 33 N, 104 55 E | time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Constitution [time series]
previous 1947; latest promulgated 21 September 1993; amended 1999, 2008; last in 2014 (2015)
Country name [time series]
conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia | conventional short form: Cambodia | local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation) | local short form: Kampuchea | former: Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia
Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador William E. TODD (since 17 April 2012) | mailing address: Unit 8166, Box P, APO AP 96546 | telephone: [855] (23) 728-000 | FAX: [855] (23) 728-600
Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador CHUM Bun Rong (since 3 August 2015) | chancery: 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 | telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742 | FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381 | consulate(s) general: Lowell (MA)
Executive branch [time series]
chief of state: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004) | head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985); Permanent Deputy Prime Minister MEN SAM AN (since 25 September 2008); Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992), SOK AN, TEA BANH, HOR NAMHONG, NHEK BUNCHHAY (all since 16 July 2004), BIN CHHIN (since 5 September 2007), KEAT CHHON, YIM CHHAI LY (since 24 September 2008), KE KIMYAN (since 12 March 2009) | cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch | elections/appointments: monarch chosen by the 9-member, Royal Council of the Throne from among all eligible males of royal descent; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the monarch
Flag (Flag description) [time series]
three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band; red and blue are traditional Cambodian colors | note: only national flag to incorporate an actual building into its design
Government type [time series]
multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy
Independence [time series]
9 November 1953 (from France)
International law organization participation [time series]
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation [time series]
ADB, ARF, ASEAN, CICA, CICA (observer), EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MINUSMA, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Judicial branch [time series]
highest court(s): Supreme Court (organized into 5- and 9-judge panels and includes a court chief and deputy chief); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members); note - in 1997, the Cambodian Government requested UN assistance in establishing trials to prosecute former Khmer Rouge senior leaders for crimes against humanity committed during the 1975-1979 Khmer Rouge regime; the Extraordinary Chambers of the Courts in Cambodia were established and began hearings for the first case in 2009 | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judge candidates recommended by the Supreme Council of Magistracy, a 9-member body chaired by the monarch and includes other high-level judicial officers; judges of both courts appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 9-year terms with one-third of the court renewed every 3 years | subordinate courts: municipal and provincial courts; appellate courts; military court
Legal system [time series]
civil law system (influenced by the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia) customary law, Communist legal theory, and common law
Legislative branch [time series]
description: bicameral Parliament of Cambodia consists of the Senate (61 seats; 57 indirectly elected by parliamentarians and commune councils, 2 indirectly elected by the National Assembly, and 2 appointed by the monarch; members serve 6-year terms) and the National Assembly (123 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) | note: two seats will be added to the National Assembly in 2018, for a total of 125 | elections: Senate - last held on 4 February 2012 (next to be held in February 2018); National Assembly - last held on 28 July 2013 (next to be held in July 2018) | election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - CPP 77.8%, SRP 22.2%; seats by party - CPP 46, SRP 11; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 48.8%, CNRP 44.5%, FUNCINPEC 3.9%, other 2.8%; seats by party - CPP 68, CNRP 55
National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]
name: "Nokoreach" (Royal Kingdom) | lyrics/music: CHUON NAT/F. PERRUCHOT and J. JEKYLL | note: adopted 1941, restored 1993; the anthem, based on a Cambodian folk tune, was restored after the defeat of the Communist regime
National holiday [time series]
Independence Day, 9 November (1953)
National symbol(s) [time series]
Angkor Wat temple, kouprey (wild ox); national colors: red, blue
Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]
Cambodian National Rescue Party or CNRP [SAM RANGSI also spelled SAM RAINSY] , a July 2012 merger between the Sam Rangsi Party or SRP and the former Human Rights Party or HRP [KHEM SOKHA, also spelled KEM SOKHA] | Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM] | National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [NORODOM RANARIDDH] | Nationalist Party or NP former Norodom Ranariddh Party or NRP [SAO RANY]
Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]
Partnership for Transparency Fund or PTF (anti-corruption organization) | Students Movement for Democracy | The Committee for Free and Fair Elections or Comfrel | other: human rights organizations; vendors
Suffrage [time series]
18 years of age; universal
Introduction
Background [time series]
Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire, ushering in a long period of decline. The king placed the country under French protection in 1863, and it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953. In April 1975, after a five-year struggle, communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh and evacuated all cities and towns. At least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, forced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, began a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off almost 13 years of civil war. | The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a cease-fire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy under a coalition government. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Some of the surviving Khmer Rouge leaders have been tried or are awaiting trial for crimes against humanity by a hybrid UN-Cambodian tribunal supported by international assistance. Elections in July 2003 were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. In October 2004, King Norodom SIHANOUK abdicated the throne and his son, Prince Norodom SIHAMONI, was selected to succeed him. The most recent local (Commune Council) elections were held in Cambodia in 2012, with little of the preelection violence that preceded prior elections. National elections in July 2013 were disputed, with the opposition - the Cambodian National Rescue Party (CNRP) - boycotting the National Assembly. The political impasse was ended nearly a year later, with the CNRP agreeing to enter parliament in exchange for ruling party commitments to electoral and legislative reforms.
Military
Manpower available for military service [time series]
males age 16-49: 3,883,724 | females age 16-49: 4,003,585 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service [time series]
males age 16-49: 2,638,167 | females age 16-49: 2,965,328 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]
male: 151,143 | female: 154,542 (2010 est.)
Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]
Royal Cambodian Armed Forces: Royal Cambodian Army, Royal Khmer Navy, Royal Cambodian Air Force (2013)
Military expenditures [time series]
2% of GDP (2015 est.) | 1.8% of GDP (2014) | 1.58% of GDP (2013) | 1.54% of GDP (2012) | 1.5% of GDP (2011) | country comparison to the world: 60
Military service age and obligation [time series]
18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2012)
People and Society
Age structure [time series]
0-14 years: 31.43% (male 2,489,964/female 2,447,645) | 15-24 years: 19.71% (male 1,532,016/female 1,564,240) | 25-54 years: 39.61% (male 3,043,676/female 3,178,825) | 55-64 years: 5.2% (male 315,741/female 501,544) | 65 years and over: 4.04% (male 238,840/female 396,265) (2015 est.)
Birth rate [time series]
23.83 births/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 61
Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]
total number: 1,345,269 | percentage: 39% (2001 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]
29% (2011) | country comparison to the world: 18
Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]
50.5% (2010/11)
Death rate [time series]
7.68 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 108
Dependency ratios [time series]
total dependency ratio: 55.6% | youth dependency ratio: 49.2% | elderly dependency ratio: 6.4% | potential support ratio: 15.6% (2015 est.)
Drinking water source [time series]
urban: 100% of population | rural: 69.1% of population | total: 75.5% of population | urban: 0% of population | rural: 30.9% of population | total: 24.5% of population (2015 est.)
Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]
2.6% of GDP (2010) | country comparison to the world: 152
Ethnic groups [time series]
Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]
0.64% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 59
HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]
2,600 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]
74,600 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49
Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]
7.5% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 127
Hospital bed density [time series]
0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)
Infant mortality rate [time series]
total: 50.04 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 56.69 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 43.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 36
Languages [time series]
Khmer (official) 96.3%, other 3.7% (2008 est.)
Life expectancy at birth [time series]
total population: 64.14 years | male: 61.69 years | female: 66.7 years (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 180
Literacy [time series]
definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 77.2% | male: 84.5% | female: 70.5% (2015 est.)
Major infectious diseases [time series]
degree of risk: very high | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever | vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria | note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)
Major urban areas - population [time series]
PHNOM PENH (capital) 1.731 million (2015)
Median age [time series]
total: 24.5 years | male: 23.8 years | female: 25.2 years (2015 est.)
Nationality [time series]
noun: Cambodian(s) | adjective: Cambodian
Net migration rate [time series]
-0.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 129
Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]
2.9% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 183
Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]
0.17 physicians/1,000 population (2012)
Population [time series]
15,708,756 | note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 69
Population growth rate [time series]
1.58% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 76
Religions [time series]
Buddhist (official) 96.9%, Muslim 1.9%, Christian 0.4%, other 0.8% (2008 est.)
Sanitation facility access [time series]
urban: 88.1% of population | rural: 30.5% of population | total: 42.4% of population | urban: 11.9% of population | rural: 69.5% of population | total: 57.6% of population (2015 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]
total: 11 years | male: 12 years | female: 10 years (2008)
Sex ratio [time series]
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 0.98 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 0.96 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.63 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.6 male(s)/female | total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
Total fertility rate [time series]
2.6 children born/woman (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 75
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]
total: 3.4% | male: 3.5% | female: 3.3% (2008 est.) | country comparison to the world: 130
Urbanization [time series]
urban population: 20.7% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 2.65% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international [time series]
Cambodia is concerned about Laos' extensive upstream dam construction; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary; in 2011 Thailand and Cambodia resorted to arms in the dispute over the location of the boundary on the precipice surmounted by Preah Vihear Temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962 and part of a UN World Heritage site; Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities; progress on a joint development area with Vietnam is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands
Illicit drugs [time series]
narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; limited methamphetamine production; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders
Trafficking in persons [time series]
current situation: Cambodia is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; Cambodian men, women, and children migrate to countries within the region and, increasingly, Africa for legitimate work but are subsequently subjected to sex trafficking, domestic servitude, debt bondage, or forced labor, often in the fishing industry; poor Cambodian children are subject to forced labor, including domestic servitude and forced begging, in Thailand and Vietnam; Cambodian and ethnic Vietnamese women and girls are trafficked from rural areas to urban centers for sexual exploitation; Cambodian men are the main exploiters of child prostitutes, but men from other Asian countries, the US, and Europe travel to Cambodia for child sex tourism | tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Cambodia does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; in 2013, the government drafted and implemented a pilot program to test a standardized, nationwide system for identifying victims of vulnerable groups; authorities prosecuted and convicted fewer trafficking offenders and identified fewer victims than in the previous year; corruption continued to impede anti-trafficking endeavors; victims were systematically referred to NGO shelters, which provide the majority of services to those in need, but the lack of available long-term care made victims, particularly children, vulnerable to re-trafficking; efforts to punish fraudulent labor recruiters declined (2014)
Transportation
Airports [time series]
16 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 142
Airports - with paved runways [time series]
total: 6 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]
total: 10 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 | 914 to 1,523 m: 7 | 1 (2013)
Heliports [time series]
1 (2013)
Merchant marine [time series]
total: 544 | by type: bulk carrier 38, cargo 459, carrier 7, chemical tanker 4, container 4, liquefied gas 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 8, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 4, vehicle carrier 1 | foreign-owned: 352 (Belgium 1, Canada 2, China 177, Cyprus 4, Egypt 4, Estonia 1, French Polynesia 1, Gabon 1, Greece 2, Hong Kong 10, Indonesia 2, Ireland 1, Japan 1, Lebanon 5, Russia 50, Singapore 3, South Korea 10, Syria 22, Taiwan 1, Turkey 15, UAE 2, UK 1, Ukraine 35, Vietnam 1) (2010) | country comparison to the world: 21
Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]
major seaport(s): Sihanoukville (Kampong Saom) | river port(s): Phnom Penh (Mekong)
Railways [time series]
total: 642 km | narrow gauge: 642 km 1.000-m gauge | note: under restoration (2014) | country comparison to the world: 102
Roadways [time series]
total: 44,709 km | paved: 3,607 km | unpaved: 41,102 km (2010) | country comparison to the world: 88
Waterways [time series]
3,700 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2012) | country comparison to the world: 28