Tanzania

a state-owned TV station and multiple privately-owned TV stations; state-owned national radio station supplemented by more than 40 privately-owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)

.tz

24,182 (2010) country comparison to the world: 103

678,000 (2009) country comparison to the world: 111

general assessment: telecommunications services are marginal; system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; small aperture terminal (VSAT) system under construction domestic: fixed-line telephone network inadequate with less than 1 connection per 100 persons; mobile-cellular service, aided by multiple providers, is increasing rapidly; trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital international: country code - 255; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean, 1 Atlantic Ocean)

174,500 (2010) country comparison to the world: 129

20.984 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 41

coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats

revenues: $4.403 billion expenditures: $5.779 billion (2010 est.)

-6.1% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 164

8.25% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 94 3.7% (31 December 2009 est.)

14.55% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 51 15.03% (31 December 2009 est.)

-$2.056 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 160 -$1.934 billion (2009 est.)

$8.259 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 97 $7.325 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

37.6 (2007) country comparison to the world: 79 34.6 (2000)

Tanzania is one of the world's poorest economies in terms of per capita income, however, Tanzania average 7% GDP growth per year between 2000 and 2008 on strong gold production and tourism. The economy depends heavily on agriculture, which accounts for more than 40% of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs about 80% of the work force. The World Bank, the IMF, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's aging economic infrastructure, including rail and port infrastructure that are important trade links for inland countries. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private-sector growth and investment, and the government has increased spending on agriculture to 7% of its budget. Continued donor assistance and solid macroeconomic policies supported a positive growth rate, despite the world recession. In 2008, Tanzania received the world's largest Millennium Challenge Compact grant, worth $698 million. Dar es Salaam used fiscal stimulus and loosened monetary policy to ease the impact of the global recession. GDP growth in 2009-10 was a respectable 6% per year due to high gold prices and increased production.

3.431 billion kWh (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 124

0 kWh (2009 est.)

0 kWh (2008 est.)

4.281 billion kWh (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 119

Tanzanian shillings (TZS) per US dollar - 1,423.3 (2010) 1,320.3 (2009) 1,178.1 (2008) 1,255 (2007) 1,251.9 (2006)

$4.297 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 115 $3.295 billion (2009 est.)

gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton

China 15.6%, India 11%, Japan 6.1%, UAE 5%, Germany 4% (2010)

$22.67 billion (2010 est.)

$58.44 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 88 $54.88 billion (2009 est.) $51.43 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

agriculture: 28.4% industry: 24% services: 47.6% (2010 est.)

$1,400 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 201 $1,300 (2009 est.) $1,300 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

6.5% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 43 6.7% (2009 est.) 7.3% (2008 est.)

lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 29.6% (2007)

$7.125 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 104 $5.834 billion (2009 est.)

consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil

China 17.3%, India 15.4%, South Africa 7.9%, Kenya 7%, UAE 4.8%, Japan 4.2% (2010)

7% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 59

agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine); diamond, gold, and iron mining, salt, soda ash; cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer

7.2% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 181 12.1% (2009 est.)

26.1% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 50

23.39 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 27

agriculture: 80% industry and services: 20% (2002 est.)

$1.264 billion (31 December 2010) country comparison to the world: 102 $1.293 billion (31 December 2008) $541.1 million (31 December 2006)

658 million cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 94

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 194

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 194

658 million cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 67

6.513 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 85

38,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 108

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 202

30,040 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 103

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 139

0 bbl (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 200

36% (2002 est.)

34.4% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 81 32.3% of GDP (2009 est.)

$3.645 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 96 $3.206 billion (31 December 2009 est.) note: excludes gold

$7.528 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 112 $6.617 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

$NA

$NA

$4.647 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 113 $3.859 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

$3.223 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 106 $2.958 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

19.4% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 161

NA%

total: 947,300 sq km country comparison to the world: 31 land: 885,800 sq km water: 61,500 sq km note: includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar

slightly larger than twice the size of California

varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands

1,424 km

lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Kilimanjaro 5,895 m

soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

total: 5.18 cu km/yr (10%/0%/89%) per capita: 135 cu m/yr (2000)

6 00 S, 35 00 E

Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa; bordered by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) in the southwest

1,840 sq km (2008)

total: 3,861 km border countries: Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km

arable land: 4.23% permanent crops: 1.16% other: 94.61% (2005)

Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique

Africa

territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought volcanism: Tanzania experiences limited volcanic activity; Ol Doinyo Lengai (elev. 2,962 m) has emitted lava in recent years; other historically active volcanoes include Kieyo and Meru

hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel

plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south

91 cu km (2001)

26 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Manyara, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West

name: Dar es Salaam geographic coordinates: 6 48 S, 39 17 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: legislative offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital, and the National Assembly now meets there on a regular basis; the Executive Branch with all ministries and diplomatic representation remains located in Dar es Salaam

25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984

conventional long form: United Republic of Tanzania conventional short form: Tanzania local long form: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania local short form: Tanzania former: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar

chief of mission: Ambassador Alfonso E. LENHARDT embassy: 686 Old Bagamoyo Road, Msasani, Dar es Salaam mailing address: P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam telephone: [255] (22) 266-8001 FAX: [255] (22) 266-8238, 266-8373

chief of mission: Ambassador Mwandaidi Sinare MAAJAR chancery: 1232 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037 telephone: [1] (202) 939-6125 FAX: [1] (202) 797-7408

chief of state: President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Mohammed Gharib BILAL (since 6 November 2010); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Jakaya KIKWETE (since 21 December 2005); Vice President Mohammed Gharib BILAL (since 6 November 2010) note: Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Ali Mohamed SHEIN elected to that office on 31 October 2010, sworn in 3 November 2010 cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held on 31 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Jakaya KIKWETE elected president; percent of vote - Jakaya KIKWETE 61.2%, Willibrod SLAA 26.3%, Ibrahim LIPUMBA 8.1%, other 4.4%

divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue; the banner combines colors found on the flags of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; green represents the natural vegetation of the country, gold its rich mineral deposits, black the native Swahili people, and blue the country's many lakes and rivers, as well as the Indian Ocean

republic

26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent on 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent on 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar on 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania on 29 October 1964

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)

English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation

unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (357 seats; 239 members elected by popular vote, 102 allocated to women nominated by the president, 5 to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms, up to 10 additional members appointed by the president, 1 seat reserved for the Attorney General); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives with jurisdiction exclusive to Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats; members elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 31 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 259, CHADEMA 48, CUF 34, NCCR-M 4, other 7, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CCM 28, CUF 22

name: "Mungu ibariki Afrika" (God Bless Africa) lyrics/music: collective/Enoch Mankayi SONTONGA note: adopted 1961; the anthem, which is also a popular song in Africa, shares the same melody with that of Zambia, but has different lyrics; the melody is also incorporated into South Africa's anthem

Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)

Uhuru (Freedom) torch

Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and Development) or CHADEMA [Willibrod SLAA]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Jakaya Mrisho KIKWETE]; Civic United Front or CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]; Democratic Party [Christopher MTIKLA] (unregistered); National Convention for Construction and Reform - Mageuzi [Hashim RUNGWE]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Mutamwega MUGAHWYA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Fahma DOVUTWA]

Economic and Social Research Foundation or ESRF; Free Zanzibar; Tanzania Media Women's Association or TAMWA

18 years of age; universal

Shortly after achieving independence from Britain in the early 1960s, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule ended in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition have led to two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities. The formation of a government of national unity between Zanzibar's two leading parties succeeded in minimizing electoral tension in 2010

males age 16-49: 9,985,445 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49: 5,860,339 females age 16-49: 5,882,279 (2010 est.)

male: 512,294 female: 514,164 (2010 est.)

Tanzanian People's Defense Force (Jeshi la Wananchi la Tanzania, JWTZ): Army, Naval Wing (includes Coast Guard), Air Defense Command (includes Air Wing), National Service (2007)

0.2% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 169

18 years of age for voluntary military service (2007)

0-14 years: 42% (male 9,003,152/female 8,949,061) 15-64 years: 55.1% (male 11,633,721/female 11,913,951) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 538,290/female 708,445) (2011 est.)

32.64 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 39

16.7% (2005) country comparison to the world: 45

12.09 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 28

improved: urban: 80% of population rural: 45% of population total: 54% of population unimproved: urban: 20% of population rural: 55% of population total: 46% of population (2008)

6.8% of GDP (2008) country comparison to the world: 17

mainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African

5.6% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 12

86,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 4

1.4 million (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 6

5.1% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 138

1.1 beds/1,000 population (2006) country comparison to the world: 140

total: 66.93 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 22 male: 73.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 59.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources including Arabic and English; it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages

total population: 52.85 years country comparison to the world: 204 male: 51.34 years female: 54.42 years (2011 est.)

definition: age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic total population: 69.4% male: 77.5% female: 62.2% (2002 census)

DAR ES SALAAM (capital) 3.207 million (2009)

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and plague water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

790 deaths/100,000 live births (2008) country comparison to the world: 12

total: 18.5 years male: 18.2 years female: 18.7 years (2011 est.)

noun: Tanzanian(s) adjective: Tanzanian

-0.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 139

0.008 physicians/1,000 population (2006) country comparison to the world: 192

42,746,620 (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 31 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

2.002% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 50

mainland - Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim

improved: urban: 32% of population rural: 21% of population total: 24% of population unimproved: urban: 68% of population rural: 79% of population total: 76% of population (2008)

total: 9 years male: 9 years female: 9 years (2007)

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

4.16 children born/woman (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 40

total: 8.8% country comparison to the world: 111 male: 7.4% female: 10.1% (2005)

urban population: 26% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 4.7% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Tanzania still hosts more than a half-million refugees, more than any other African country, mainly from Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, despite the international community's efforts at repatriation; disputes with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River remain dormant

targeted by traffickers moving hashish, Afghan heroin, and South American cocaine transported down the East African coastline, through airports, or overland through Central Africa; Zanzibar likely used by traffickers for drug smuggling; traffickers in the past have recruited Tanzanian couriers to move drugs through Iran into East Asia.

refugees (country of origin): 352,640 (Burundi); 127,973 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2007)

current situation: Tanzania is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children who are subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; the incidence of internal trafficking is higher than that of transnational trafficking; girls from rural areas are taken to urban centers and Zanzibar for domestic service; some domestic workers fleeing abusive employers fall prey to sex trafficking; boys are subjected primarily to forced labor on farms, but also in mines, in the informal sector, and possibly on small fishing boats; smaller numbers of Tanzanian children and adults are subjected to conditions of forced domestic service and sex trafficking in surrounding countries, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, France, and possibly other European countries; trafficking victims, primarily children from neighboring countries such as Burundi and Kenya, are sometimes forced to work in Tanzania's agricultural, mining, and domestic service sectors; some also are forced into prostitution in brothels tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - the government made limited progress towards implementation of its Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act, in part due to poor inter-ministerial coordination and lack of understanding of what constitutes human trafficking; most government officials remain unfamiliar with the Act's provisions or their responsibility to address trafficking under it; however, the government did convict three trafficking offenders (2011)

124 (2010) country comparison to the world: 47

total: 9 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2010)

total: 115 1,524 to 2,437 m: 19 914 to 1,523 m: 63 under 914 m: 33 (2010)

total: 72 country comparison to the world: 60 by type: bulk carrier 4, cargo 43, carrier 4, chemical tanker 2, container 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 15 foreign-owned: 25 (Greece 1, Romania 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Syria 13, Turkey 7, UAE 1, United States 1) registered in other countries: 3 (Honduras 1, Panama 2) (2010)

gas 254 km; oil 888 km; refined products 8 km (2010)

Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar

total: 3,689 km country comparison to the world: 45 narrow gauge: 969 km 1.067-m gauge; 2,720 km 1.000-m gauge (2010)

total: 91,049 km country comparison to the world: 54 paved: 6,578 km unpaved: 84,471 km (2010)

the International Maritime Bureau reports that shipping in territorial and offshore waters in the Indian Ocean remain at risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships, especially as Somali-based pirates extend their activities south; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen

(Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) are the principal avenues of commerce with neighboring countries; the rivers are not navigable) (2009)