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Communications

Airports [time series]

total: 109 usable: 100 with permanent-surface runways: 12 with runways over 3,659 m: 0 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 40

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 81,900 km paved: 3,600 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 5,600 km; improved, unimproved earth 72,700 km

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, Lake Nyasa

Merchant marine [time series]

7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 29,145 GRT/39,186 DWT, cargo 3, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil 982 km

Ports [time series]

Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Tanga, and Zanzibar are ocean ports; Mwanza on Lake Victoria and Kigoma on Lake Tanganyika are inland ports

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

969 km total; all of 1.067-meter gauge; connects with Zambia railroad at Tazara

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

fair system operating below capacity; open wire, radio relay, and troposcatter; 103,800 telephones; broadcast stations - 12 AM, 4 FM, 2 TV; 1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Tanzanian People's Defense Force (TPDF; including Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary Police Field Force Unit, Militia

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

$NA, NA% of GDP

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 6,011,564; fit for military service 3,480,179

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

accounts for over 58% of GDP; topography and climatic conditions limit cultivated crops to only 5% of land area; cash crops - coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashews, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar); food crops - corn, wheat, cassava, bananas, fruits, vegetables; small numbers of cattle, sheep, and goats; not self-sufficient in food grain production

Budget [time series]

revenues: $495 million expenditures: $631 million, including capital expenditures of $118 million (1990 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 Tanzanian shilling (TSh) = 100 cents

Economic aid [time series]

recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $400 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $9.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $44 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $614 million

Electricity [time series]

capacity: 405,000 kW production: 600 million kWh consumption per capita: 20 kWh (1991)

Exchange rates [time series]

Tanzanian shillings (TSh) per US$1 - 486.75 (January 1994), 405.27 (1993), 297.71 (1992), 219.16 (1991), 195.06 (1990), 143.38 (1989)

Exports [time series]

$418 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.) commodities: coffee, cotton, tobacco, tea, cashew nuts, sisal partners: FRG, UK, Japan, Netherlands, Kenya, Hong Kong, US

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$6.44 billion (1992)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 July-30 June

Illicit drugs [time series]

growing role in transshipment of Southwest Asian heroin destined for US and European markets

Imports [time series]

$1.51 billion (c.i.f., 1992 est.) commodities: manufactured goods, machinery and transportation equipment, cotton piece goods, crude oil, foodstuffs partners: FRG, UK, US, Japan, Italy, Denmark

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 9.3% (1990); accounts for 8% of GDP

Industries [time series]

primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond and gold mining, oil refinery, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

21% (1993 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $16.7 billion (1993 est.)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$600 (1993 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

3.2% (1993 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for about 58% of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 90% of the work force. Industry accounts for 8% of GDP and is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods. The economic recovery program announced in mid-1986 has generated notable increases in agricultural production and financial support for the program by bilateral donors. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure. Growth in 1991-93 featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals led by gold.

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 945,090 sq km land area: 886,040 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than twice the size of California note: includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar

Climate [time series]

varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands

Coastline [time series]

1,424 km

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

current issues: soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture natural hazards: the tsetse fly and lack of water limit agriculture; flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

boundary dispute with Malawi in Lake Nyasa; Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled

Irrigated land [time series]

1,530 sq km (1989 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total 3,402 km, Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 5% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 40% forest and woodland: 47% other: 7%

Location [time series]

Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean between Kenya and Mozambique

Map references [time series]

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural resources [time series]

hydropower potential, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel

Note [time series]

Mount Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa

Terrain [time series]

plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West, Ziwa Magharibi

Capital [time series]

Dar es Salaam note: some government offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital by the end of the 1990s

Constitution [time series]

25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Charles Musama NYIRABU chancery: 2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: (202) 939-6125

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Ali Hassan MWINYI (since 5 November 1985); First Vice President John MALECELA (since 9 November 1990); Second Vice President and President of Zanzibar Salmin AMOUR (since 9 November 1990) election last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - Ali Hassan MWINYI was elected without opposition head of government: Prime Minister John MALECELA (since 9 November 1990) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president from the National Assembly

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

(202) 797-7408

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[255] (51) 66701

Flag [time series]

divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue

Independence [time series]

26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UN trusteeship under British administration); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964

Judicial branch [time series]

Court of Appeal, High Court

Legal system [time series]

based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-6, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: United Republic of Tanzania conventional short form: Tanzania former: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar

Legislative branch (National Assembly (Bunge)) [time series]

elections last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - CCM was the only party; seats - (241 total, 168 elected) CCM 168

National holiday [time series]

Union Day, 26 April (1964)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM or Revolutionary Party), Ali Hassan MWINYI; Civic United Front (CUF), James MAPALALA; National Committee for Constitutional Reform (NCCK), Mabere MARANDO; Union for Multiparty Democracy (UMD), Abdullah FUNDIKIRA; Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA), Edwin I. M. MTEI, chairman

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Peter Jon DE VOS embassy: 36 Laibon Road (off Bagamoyo Road), Dar es Salaam mailing address: P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam telephone: [255] (51) 66010 through 13

People

Birth rate [time series]

45.48 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate [time series]

19.42 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

mainland: native African 99% (consisting of well over 100 tribes) Asian, European, and Arab 1%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

109.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Labor force [time series]

732,200 wage earners by occupation: agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 10% (1986 est.)

Languages [time series]

Swahili (official; widely understood and generally used for communication between ethnic groups and is used in primary education), English (official; primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education) note: first language of most people is one of the local languages

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 43.25 years male: 41.52 years female: 45.03 years (1994 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 15 and over can read and write (1978) total population: 46% male: 62% female: 31%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Tanzanian(s) adjective: Tanzanian

Net migration rate [time series]

-1.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Population [time series]

27,985,660 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.5% (1994 est.)

Religions [time series]

mainland: Christian 45%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 20%

Total fertility rate [time series]

6.2 children born/woman (1994 est.)

Zanzibar [time series]

Muslim 99% plus