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Communications

Internet users (Internet Service Providers (ISPs)) [time series]

6 (2000)

Internet country code [time series]

.tz

Internet users [time series]

25,000 (2000)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 12, FM 11, shortwave 2 (1998)

Radios [time series]

8.8 million (1997)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: fair system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; VSAT (very small aperture terminal) system under construction domestic: trunk service provided by open wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

127,000 (1998)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

30,000 (1999)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

3 (1999)

Televisions [time series]

103,000 (1997)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar), corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats

Budget [time series]

revenues: $1.21 billion expenditures: $1.36 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Tanzanian shilling (TZS)

Exchange rates (Currency code) [time series]

TZS

Debt - external [time series]

$6.8 billion (2000 est.)

Economic aid (Economic aid - recipient) [time series]

$963 million (1997)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 80% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Industry is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure. Growth in 1991-2000 featured a pick up in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Natural gas exploration in the Rufiji Delta looks promising and production could start by 2002. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and investment. Continued donor support and solid macroeconomic policies should allow Tanzania to achieve real GDP growth of 6% in 2001 and in 2002.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

2.134 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports [time series]

43 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - production [time series]

2.248 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source [time series]

fossil fuel: 22.24% hydro: 77.76% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999)

Exchange rates [time series]

Tanzanian shillings per US dollar - 803.34 (December 2000), 800.41 (2000), 744.76 (1999), 664.67 (1998), 612.12 (1997), 579.98 (1996)

Exports [time series]

$937 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

coffee, manufactured goods, cotton, cashew nuts, minerals, tobacco, sisal (1996)

Exports - partners [time series]

India 20%, UK 10%, Germany 8%, Japan 8%, Netherlands 8%, Belgium 4% (1998)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 July - 30 June

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $25.1 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 49% industry: 17% services: 34% (1998 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $710 (2000 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

5.2% (2000 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 2.9% highest 10%: 30.2% (1993)

Imports [time series]

$1.57 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil

Imports - partners [time series]

South Africa 8%, Japan 8%, UK 8%, Kenya 7%, India 6%, US 5% (1998)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

8.4% (1999 est.)

Industries [time series]

primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond and gold mining, oil refining, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer, salt

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

6% (2000 est.)

Labor force [time series]

13.495 million

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 20% (2000 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

51.1% (1991 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 945,087 sq km land: 886,037 sq km water: 59,050 sq km note: includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly larger than twice the size of California

Climate [time series]

varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands

Coastline [time series]

1,424 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Kilimanjaro 5,895 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban

Geographic coordinates [time series]

6 00 S, 35 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa

Irrigated land [time series]

1,500 sq km (1993 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 3,402 km border countries: Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 3% permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 40% forests and woodland: 38% other: 18% (1993 est.)

Location [time series]

Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM

Natural hazards [time series]

flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought

Natural resources [time series]

hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel

Terrain [time series]

plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West

Capital [time series]

Dar es Salaam; note - legislative offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital; the National Assembly now meets there on regular basis

Constitution [time series]

25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: United Republic of Tanzania conventional short form: Tanzania former: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Charge d'Affaires Wanda NESBITT embassy: 140 Msese Road, Kinondoni District, Dar es Salaam mailing address: P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam telephone: [255] (22) 666010 through 666015

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Mustafa Salim NYANG'ANYI chancery: 2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-6125

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Omar Ali JUMA (since 23 November 1995); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Omar Ali JUMA (since 23 November 1995); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government note: Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Amani Abeid KARUME was elected to that office on 29 October 2000 cabinet: Cabinet ministers, including the prime minister, are appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Benjamin William MKAPA reelected president; percent of vote - Benjamin William MKAPA 71.7%, Ibrahim Haruna LIPUMBA 16.3%, Augustine Lyatonga MREME 7.8%, John Momose CHEYO 4.2%

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[1] (202) 797-7408

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[255] (22) 666701

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G- 6, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Judicial branch [time series]

Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)

Legal system [time series]

based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (274 seats - 232 elected by popular vote, 37 allocated to women nominated by the president, five to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives to make laws especially for Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats, directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005) election results: National Assembly: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 244, CUF 16, CHADEMA 4, TLP 3, UDP 2, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 34, CUF 16

National holiday [time series]

Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI, chairman]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Benjamin William MKAPA, chairman]; Civic United Front or CUF [Seif Sharif HAMAD, secretary-general]; Democratic Party (unregistered) [Reverend Christopher MTIKLA, leader]; National Convention for Construction and Reform or NCCR [Kassim MAGUTU, secretary-general]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine Lyatonga MREMA, chairman]; Union for Multiparty Democracy or UMD [leader NA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO, leader]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Shortly after independence, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule came to an end in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition have led to two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities.

Military

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Tanzanian People's Defense Force or TPDF (includes Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary Police Field Force Unit, Militia

Military expenditures - dollar figure [time series]

$21 million (FY98/99)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

0.2% (FY98/99)

Military manpower - availability [time series]

males age 15-49: 8,365,337 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service [time series]

males age 15-49: 4,841,095 (2001 est.)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 44.76% (male 8,152,438; female 8,063,520) 15-64 years: 52.35% (male 9,387,737; female 9,581,518) 65 years and over: 2.89% (male 473,498; female 573,363) (2001 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

39.65 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate [time series]

12.95 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

mainland - native African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, native African, mixed Arab and native African

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

8.09% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

140,000 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

1.3 million (1999 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

79.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Languages [time series]

Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 51.98 years male: 51.04 years female: 52.95 years (2001 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic total population: 67.8% male: 79.4% female: 56.8% (1995 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Tanzanian(s) adjective: Tanzanian

Net migration rate [time series]

-0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Population [time series]

36,232,074 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.61% (2001 est.)

Religions [time series]

mainland - Christian 45%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 20%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

5.42 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

dispute with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi); a resurvey of the latitudinal boundary with Uganda in 2000 revealed a 300-meter discrepancy that both sides are currently adjudicating

Illicit drugs [time series]

growing role in transshipment of Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for South African, European, and US markets and of South Asian methaqualone bound for Southern Africa

Transportation

Airports [time series]

126 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 11 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 115 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 63 under 914 m: 35 (2000 est.)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 88,200 km paved: 3,704 km unpaved: 84,496 km (1996)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 21,987 GRT/27,121 DWT ships by type: cargo 2, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil 982 km

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

Bukoba, Dar es Salaam, Kigoma, Kilwa Masoko, Lindi, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pangani, Tanga, Wete, Zanzibar

Railways [time series]

total: 3,569 km (1995) narrow gauge: 2,600 km 1.000-m gauge; 969 km 1.067-m gauge note: the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and Kapiri Mposhi in Zambia (of which 969 km are in Tanzania and 891 km are in Zambia) is not a part of Tanzania Railways Corporation; because of the difference in gauge, this system does not connect to Tanzania Railways

Waterways [time series]

note: Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa are principal avenues of commerce between Tanzania and its neighbors on those lakes