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Communications

Airports [time series]

104 total, 94 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3, 659 m; 43 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Civil air [time series]

8 major transport aircraft

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total 81,900 km, 3,600 km paved; 5,600 km gravel or crushed stone; remainder improved and unimproved earth

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, Lake Nyasa

Merchant marine [time series]

6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 19,185 GRT/22,916 DWT; includes 2 passenger-cargo, 2 cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 petroleum tanker

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil 982 km

Ports [time series]

Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Tanga, and Zanzibar are ocean ports; Mwanza on Lake Victoria and Kigoma on Lake Tanganyika are inland ports

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

3,555 km total; 960 km 1.067-meter gauge; 2,595 km 1.000-meter gauge, 6.4 km double track, 962 km Tazara Railroad 1.067-meter gauge; 115 km 1.000-meter gauge planned by end of decade

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

fair system operating below capacity; open wire, radio relay, and troposcatter; 103,800 telephones; broadcast stations - 12 AM, 4 FM, 2 TV; 1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Tanzanian People's Defense Force (TPDF; including Army, Navy, and Air Force); paramilitary Police Field Force Unit; Militia

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $119 million, about 2% of GDP (FY89 budget)

Manpower availability [time series]

males 15-49, 5,747,542; 3,319,116 fit for military service

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

accounts for over 45% of GDP; topography and climatic conditions limit cultivated crops to only 5% of land area; cash crops - coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashews, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar); food crops - corn, wheat, cassava, bananas, fruits, and vegetables; small numbers of cattle, sheep, and goats; not self-sufficient in food grain production

Budget [time series]

revenues $495 million; expenditures $631 million, including capital expenditures of $118 million (FY90)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Tanzanian shilling (plural - shillings); 1 Tanzanian shilling (TSh) = 100 cents

Economic aid [time series]

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $400 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $9.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $44 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $614 million

Electricity [time series]

405,000 kW capacity; 905 million kWh produced, 35 kWh per capita (1991)

Exchange rates [time series]

Tanzanian shillings (TSh) per US$1 - 236.01 (February (1992), 219.16 (1991), 195.06 (1990), 143.38 (1989), 99.29 (1988), 64.26 (1987)

Exports [time series]

$478 million (f.o.b., FY91 est.) commodities: coffee, cotton, sisal, tea, cashew nuts, meat, tobacco, diamonds, gold, coconut products, pyrethrum, cloves (Zanzibar) partners: FRG, UK, Japan, Netherlands, Kenya, Hong Kong, US

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$5.2 billion (December 1991 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 July-30 June

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $6.9 billion, per capita $260 (1989 est.); real growth rate 4.5% (1991 est.)

Imports [time series]

$1.5 billion (c.i.f., FY91 est.) commodities: manufactured goods, machinery and transportation equipment, cotton piece goods, crude oil, foodstuffs partners: FRG, UK, US, Japan, Italy, Denmark

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 4.2% (1988); accounts for 8% of GDP

Industries [time series]

primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond and gold mining, oil refinery, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

16.5% (1991 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for about 47% of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 90% of the work force. Industry accounts for 8% of GDP and is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods. The economic recovery program announced in mid-1986 has generated notable increases in agricultural production and financial support for the program by bilateral donors. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure. Growth in 1991 was featured by a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals led by gold.

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Climate [time series]

varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands

Coastline [time series]

1,424 km

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly larger than twice the size of California

Disputes - international (Disputes) [time series]

boundary dispute with Malawi in Lake Nyasa; Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

lack of water and tsetse fly limit agriculture; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture; Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa

Area (Land area) [time series]

886,040 km2; includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar

Land boundaries [time series]

3,402 km total; Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km

Land use [time series]

arable land 5%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 40%; forest and woodland 47%; other 7%; includes irrigated NEGL%

Maritime claims [time series]

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm Territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural resources [time series]

hydropower potential, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel

Terrain [time series]

plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south

Area (Total area) [time series]

945,090 km2

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West, Ziwa Magharibi

Capital [time series]

Dar es Salaam; some government offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital by the end of the 1990s

Constitution [time series]

15 March 1984 (Zanzibar has its own Constitution but remains subject to provisions of the union Constitution)

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

Ambassador-designate Charles Musama NYIRABU; Chancery at 2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008; telephone (202) 939-6125 US: Ambassador Edmund DE JARNETTE, Jr.; Embassy at 36 Laibon Road (off Bagamoyo Road), Dar es Salaam (mailing address is P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam); telephone [255] (51) 66010/13; FAX [255] (51)66701

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

President: last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - Ali Hassan MWINYI was elected without opposition National Assembly: last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - CCM is the only party; seats - (241 total, 168 elected) CCM 168

Executive branch [time series]

president, first vice president and prime minister of the union, second vice president and president of Zanzibar, Cabinet

Flag [time series]

divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue

Independence [time series]

Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UN trusteeship under British administration); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964

Judicial branch [time series]

Court of Appeal, High Court

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: President Ali Hassan MWINYI (since 5 November 1985); First Vice President John MALECELA (since 9 November 1990); Second Vice President Salmin AMOUR (since 9 November 1990) Head of Government: Prime Minister John MALECELA (since 9 November 1990)

Legal system [time series]

based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly (Bunge)

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

United Republic of Tanzania

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-6, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

National holiday [time series]

Union Day, 26 April (1964)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

only party - Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM or Revolutionary Party), Ali Hassan MWINYI, party chairman

Suffrage [time series]

universal at age 18

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic

People

Birth rate [time series]

49 births/1,000 population (1992)

Death rate [time series]

15 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

mainland - native African consisting of well over 100 tribes 99%; Asian, European, and Arab 1%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

103 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

Labor force [time series]

732,200 wage earners; 90% agriculture, 10% industry and commerce (1986 est.)

Languages [time series]

Swahili and English (official); English primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education; Swahili widely understood and generally used for communication between ethnic groups; first language of most people is one of the local languages; primary education is generally in Swahili

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

50 years male, 55 years female (1992)

Literacy [time series]

46% (male 62%, female 31%) age 15 and over can read and write (1978)

Nationality [time series]

noun - Tanzanian(s); adjective - Tanzanian

Net migration rate [time series]

-1 migrant/1,000 population (1992)

Organized labor [time series]

15% of labor force

Population [time series]

27,791,552 (July 1992), growth rate 3.4% (1992)

Religions [time series]

mainland - Christian 33%, Muslim 33%, indigenous beliefs 33%; Zanzibar - almost all Muslim

Total fertility rate [time series]

7.0 children born/woman (1992)