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Communications

Internet country code [time series]

.tj

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

2,050 (2007)

Internet users [time series]

19,500 (2005)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 8, FM 10, shortwave 2 (2002)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not linked to the national network domestic: the domestic telecommunications network has historically been under funded and poorly maintained; main line availability has not changed significantly since 1998; cellular telephony is rare and coverage remains limited international: country code - 992; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat (2006)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

280,200 (2005)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

265,000 (2005)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

6 (2006)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats

Budget [time series]

revenues: $519.3 million expenditures: $612.4 million (2006 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency (code)) [time series]

somoni (TJS)

Current account balance [time series]

$-21.4 million (2006 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$876 million (2006 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

32.6 (2003)

Economic aid (Economic aid - recipient) [time series]

$241.4 million from US (2005)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Tajikistan has one of the lowest per capita GDPs among the 15 former Soviet republics. Only 7% of the land area is arable; cotton is the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The civil war (1992-97) severely damaged the already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. While Tajikistan has experienced steady economic growth since 1997, nearly two-thirds of the population continues to live in abject poverty. Economic growth reached 10.6% in 2004 but dropped to 8% in 2005 and to 7% in 2006. Tajikistan's economic situation, however, remains fragile due to uneven implementation of structural reforms, weak governance, widespread unemployment, and the external debt burden. Continued privatization of medium and large state-owned enterprises could increase productivity. A debt restructuring agreement was reached with Russia in December 2002 including a $250 million write-off of Tajikistan's $300 million debt. Tajikistan ranks third in the world in terms of water resources per head. A proposed investment to finish the hydropower dams Rogun and Sangtuda I and II would substantially add to electricity production, which could be exported for profit. If finished, Rogun will be the world's tallest dam. In 2006, Tajikistan was the recipient of substantial infrastructure development credits from the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to improve its roads and electricity transmission network. To help increase north-south trade, the US is constructing a $36 million bridge linking Tajikistan and Afghanistan.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

14.66 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity - exports [time series]

4.257 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity - imports [time series]

4.508 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity - production [time series]

16.89 billion kWh (2005)

Exchange rates [time series]

Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 3.3 (2006), 3.1166 (2005), 2.9705 (2004), 3.0614 (2003), 2.7641 (2002)

Exports [time series]

$1.512 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles

Exports - partners [time series]

Netherlands 40.7%, Turkey 31.7%, Iran 5.4%, Uzbekistan 4.8%, Russia 4.7% (2006)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$2.066 billion (2006 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$9.521 billion (2006 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 23% industry: 28% services: 49% (2006 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$1,300 (2006 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

7% (2006 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 3.3% highest 10%: 25.6% (2003)

Imports [time series]

$1.955 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs

Imports - partners [time series]

Russia 24.6%, Kazakhstan 10.8%, Uzbekistan 10.2%, China 8.6%, Azerbaijan 8% (2006)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

8.2% (2002 est.)

Industries [time series]

aluminum, zinc, lead; chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

11.9% (2006 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

9% of GDP (2006 est.)

Labor force [time series]

3.7 million (2003)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 67.2% industry: 7.5% services: 25.3% (2000 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

1.371 billion cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - imports [time series]

1.333 billion cu m (2005)

Natural gas - production [time series]

39.32 million cu m (2005 est.)

Oil - consumption [time series]

28,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)

Oil - exports [time series]

NA bbl/day

Oil - imports [time series]

NA bbl/day

Oil - production [time series]

252.8 bbl/day (2004 est.)

Oil - proved reserves [time series]

12 million bbl (1 January 2006)

Population below poverty line [time series]

64% (2004 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$203.8 million (2006 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

12% (2004 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 143,100 sq km land: 142,700 sq km water: 400 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Climate [time series]

midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m highest point: Qullai Ismoili Somoni 7,495 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

39 00 N, 71 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR

Irrigated land [time series]

7,220 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 3,651 km border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 6.52% permanent crops: 0.89% other: 92.59% (2005)

Location [time series]

Central Asia, west of China

Map references [time series]

Asia

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

earthquakes and floods

Natural resources [time series]

hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold

Terrain [time series]

Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor); Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon* [Gorno-Badakhshan] (Khorugh), Viloyati Sughd (Khujand) note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses

Capital [time series]

name: Dushanbe geographic coordinates: 38 35 N, 68 48 E time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

6 November 1994

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan conventional short form: Tajikistan local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston local short form: Tojikiston former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Tracey Ann JACOBSON embassy: 109-A Ismoili Somoni Avenue, Dushanbe 734019 mailing address: 7090 Dushanbe Place, Dulles, VA 20189 telephone: [992] (37) 229-20-00 FAX: [992] (37) 229-20-50

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Abdujabbor SHIRINOV chancery: 1005 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037 telephone: [1] (202) 223-6090 FAX: [1] (202) 223-6091

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Emomali RAHMON (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992) head of government: Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20 January 1999) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 6 November 2006 (next to be held in November 2013); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Emomali RAHMONOV reelected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMONOV 79.3%, Olimzon BOBOYEV 6.2%, other 14.5%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

International organization participation [time series]

AsDB, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milliy (34 seats; 25 members selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; 1 seat reserved for the former president; to serve five-year terms) and the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 25 March 2005 for the National Assembly (next to be held in February 2010) and 27 February and 13 March 2005 for the Assembly of Representatives (next to be held in February 2010) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDPT 29, CPT 2, independents 3; Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 74.9%, CPT 13.6%, Islamic Revival Party 8.9%, other 2.5%; seats by party - PDPT 51, CPT 5, Islamic Revival Party 2, independents 5

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Amir KARAKULOV]; Democratic Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV (imprisoned October 2005); Rahmatullo VALIYEV, deputy]; Islamic Revival Party [Muhiddin KABIRI]; Party of Economic Reform or PER [Olimzon BOBOYEV]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Social Democratic Party or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOYIROV]; Socialist Party or SPT [Abdualim GHAFFOROV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

unregistered political parties: Agrarian Party [Hikmatullo NASREDDINOV]; Party of Justice [Abdurahim KARIMOV]; People's Unity Party [Abdumalik ABDULLOJONOV]; Progressive Party [Sulton QUVVATOV]; Socialist Party or SPT [Mirhuseyn NAZRIYEV]; note - this is a SPT that was disbanded, another pro-government SPT (listed above under political parties) replaced it; Unity Party [Hikmatullo SAIDOV]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

The Tajik people came under Russian rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917. Bolshevik control of the area was fiercely contested and not fully reestablished until 1925. Tajikistan became independent in 1991 following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and it is now in the process of strengthening its democracy and transitioning to a free market economy after its 1992-97 civil war. There have been no major security incidents in recent years, although the country remains the poorest in the former Soviet sphere. Attention by the international community in the wake of the war in Afghanistan has brought increased economic development assistance, which could create jobs and increase stability in the long term. Tajikistan is in the early stages of seeking World Trade Organization membership and has joined NATO's Partnership for Peace.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 18-49: 1,556,415 females age 18-49: 1,568,780 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 18-49: 1,244,941 females age 18-49: 1,297,891 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually [time series]

males age 18-49: 87,846 females age 18-49: 85,869 (2005 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Mobile Force (2007)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

3.9% (2005 est.)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for compulsory military service; 2-year conscript service obligation (2006)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 35% (male 1,261,247/female 1,218,686) 15-64 years: 61.2% (male 2,145,300/female 2,184,519) 65 years and over: 3.8% (male 113,186/female 153,660) (2007 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

27.33 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Death rate [time series]

7.05 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Tajik 79.9%, Uzbek 15.3%, Russian 1.1%, Kyrgyz 1.1%, other 2.6% (2000 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

less than 0.1% (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

less than 100 (2001 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

less than 200 (2003 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 43.64 deaths/1,000 live births male: 48.73 deaths/1,000 live births female: 38.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)

Languages [time series]

Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 64.61 years male: 61.6 years female: 67.78 years (2007 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.5% male: 99.7% female: 99.2% (2000 census)

Median age [time series]

total: 21.3 years male: 20.8 years female: 21.8 years (2007 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Tajikistani(s) adjective: Tajikistani

Net migration rate [time series]

-1.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Population [time series]

7,076,598 (July 2007 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

1.895% (2007 est.)

Religions [time series]

Sunni Muslim 85%, Shi'a Muslim 5%, other 10% (2003 est.)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.035 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.982 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.737 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2007 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

3.09 children born/woman (2007 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

in 2006, China and Tajikistan pledged to commence demarcation of the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002; talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and remove minefields; disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan

Illicit drugs [time series]

major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; Tajikistan seizes roughly 80% of all drugs captured in Central Asia and stands third worldwide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw opium); significant consumer of opiates

Transportation

Airports [time series]

26 (2007)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 18 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2007)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 8 under 914 m: 8 (2007)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 549 km; oil 38 km (2006)

Railways [time series]

total: 482 km broad gauge: 482 km 1.520-m gauge (2006)

Roadways [time series]

total: 27,767 km (2000)

Waterways [time series]

200 km (along Vakhsh River) (2006)