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Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture-products) [time series]

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats

Budget [time series]

revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

the Tajikistani ruble (TJR) = 100 tanga; Tajikistan introduced its own currency in May 1995

Debt - external (Debt-external) [time series]

$635 million (of which $250 million to Russia) (1995 est.)

Economic aid [time series]

recipient: ODA, $22 million (1993) note: commitments, $885 million (disbursements $115 million) (1992-95)

Economic overview (Economy-overview) [time series]

Tajikistan has the lowest per capita GDP among the former Soviet republics. Agriculture dominates the economy, with cotton the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry is limited to a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The Tajik economy has been gravely weakened by four years of civil conflict and by the loss of subsidies from Moscow and of markets for its products. Tajikistan thus depends on aid from Russia and Uzbekistan and on international humanitarian assistance for much of its basic subsistence needs. Even if the peace agreement of June 1997 is honored, the country faces major problems in integrating refugees and former combatants into the economy. Moreover, constant political turmoil and the continued dominance by former communist officials have impeded the introduction of meaningful economic reforms.

Electricity - capacity (Electricity-capacity) [time series]

4.443 million kW (1995)

Electricity - consumption per capita (Electricity-consumption per capita) [time series]

2,302 kWh (1995)

Electricity - production (Electricity-production) [time series]

14.66 billion kWh (1995)

Exchange rates [time series]

Tajikistani rubles (TJR) per US$1-350 (January 1997), 284 (January 1996)

Exports [time series]

total value: $768 million (1996 est.) commodities: cotton, aluminum, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles partners: FSU 78%, Netherlands (1994)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year Communications

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity-$4.1 billion (1997 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP-composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 25% industry: 35% services: 40% (1997)

Real GDP per capita (GDP-per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity-$700 (1997 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP-real growth rate) [time series]

-10% (1997 est.)

Imports [time series]

total value: $657 million (1996 est.) commodities: fuel, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs partners: FSU 55%, Switzerland, UK (1994)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

-20% (1996 est.)

Industries [time series]

aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers

Inflation rate (consumer prices) (Inflation rate-consumer price index) [time series]

40% (1996 est.)

Labor force [time series]

total: 1.9 million (1996) by occupation: agriculture and forestry 52%, manufacturing, mining, and construction 17%, services 31% (1995)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

1 state-owned radio broadcast station

Radios [time series]

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network domestic: cable and microwave radio relay international: linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics, and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations-1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones) [time series]

303,000 (1991 est.)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

1 note: 1 Intelsat earth station provides TV receive-only service from Turkey

Televisions [time series]

Unemployment rate [time series]

2.4% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people (December 1996)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 143,100 sq km land: 142,700 sq km water: 400 sq km

Area - comparative (Area-comparative) [time series]

slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Climate [time series]

midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Syrdariya 300 m highest point: Qullai Kommunizm 7,495 m

Environment - current issues (Environment-current issues) [time series]

inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution

International environmental agreements (Environment-international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

39 00 N, 71 00 E

Geography - note (Geography-note) [time series]

landlocked

Irrigated land [time series]

6,390 sq km (1993 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 3,651 km border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 6% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 25% forests and woodland: 4% other: 65% (1993 est.)

Location [time series]

Central Asia, west of China

Map references [time series]

Commonwealth of Independent States

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

Natural resources [time series]

significant hydropower potential, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten

Terrain [time series]

Pamirs and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

2 oblasts (viloyatho, singular-viloyat) and one autonomous oblast* (viloyati avtonomii); Viloyati Avtonomii Badakhshoni Kuni* (Khorugh-formerly Khorog), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa-formerly Kurgan-Tyube), Viloyati Leninobod (Khujand-formerly Leninabad) note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses

Constitution [time series]

6 November 1994

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan conventional short form: Tajikistan local long form: Jumhurii Tojikistan local short form: none former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

Data code [time series]

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador R. Grant SMITH embassy: interim chancery, Oktyabrskaya Hotel, 105A Prospect Rudaki, Dushanbe 734001 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [7] (3772) 21-03-56

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

Tajikistan does not have an embassy in the US, but has a mission at the UN: address-136 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, telephone-[1] (212) 472-7645, FAX-[1] (212) 628-0252; permanent representative to the UN is Rashid ALIMOV

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992) head of government: Prime Minister Yahyo AZIMOV (since 8 February 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president who proposes them to the Supreme Assembly for approval elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 6 November 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Emomali RAHMONOV elected president; percent of vote-Emomali RAHMONOV 58%, Abdumalik ABDULLOJANOV 40%

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

Telex [7] (3772) 20-03-62

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven five-pointed gold stars is located in the center of the white stripe

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

International organization participation [time series]

CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, IOC, IOM, ITU, OIC, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli (181 seats; members are popularly elected to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 26 February and 12 March 1995 (next to be held NA 2000) election results: percent of vote by party-NA; estimated seats by party-Communist Party and affiliates 100, People's Party 10, Party of People's Unity 6, Party of Economic and Political Renewal 1, other 64

Capital (National capital) [time series]

Dushanbe

National holiday [time series]

National Day, 9 September (1991)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; National Revival Bloc (Party of Popular Unity and Accord or PPUA) [Abdumalik ABDULLOJONOV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]; Democratic Party or TDP [Jumaboy NIYAZOV, chairman]; Islamic Renaissance Party or IRP [Mohammed Sharif HIMATZODA, chairman]; Rebirth (Rastokhez) [Takhir ABDUZHABOROV]; Lali Badakhshan Society [Atobek AMIRBEKOV]; Tajikistan Party of Economic and Political Renewal or TPEPR; Citizenship, Patriotism, Unity Party [Bobokhon MAHMADOV]; Adolatho "Justice" Party [Abdurahmon KARIMOV, chairman]; Congress of Popular Unity [Saifuddin TURAYEV]; Party of Justice and Development [Rahmutullo ZAINAV]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Military

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army, Air Force, Presidential National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)

Military expenditures - dollar figure (Military expenditures-dollar figure) [time series]

180 billion rubles (1995); note-conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results

Military expenditures (Military expenditures-percent of GDP) [time series]

3.4% (1995)

Military manpower - availability (Military manpower-availability) [time series]

males age 15-49: 1,432,800 (1998 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service (Military manpower-fit for military service) [time series]

males: 1,174,683 (1998 est.)

Military manpower - military age (Military manpower-military age) [time series]

18 years of age

Military manpower - reaching military age annually (Military manpower-reaching military age annually) [time series]

males: 62,558 (1998 est.)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 41% (male 1,258,424; female 1,230,891) 15-64 years: 54% (male 1,616,257; female 1,636,732) 65 years and over: 5% (male 118,485; female 159,306) (July 1998 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

27.67 births/1,000 population (1998 est.)

Death rate [time series]

7.77 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

112.14 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.)

Languages [time series]

Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 64.48 years male: 61.35 years female: 67.77 years (1998 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 99% female: 97% (1989 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Tajikistani(s) adjective: Tajikistani

Net migration rate [time series]

-6.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.)

Population [time series]

6,020,095 (July 1998 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

1.3% (1998 est.)

Religions [time series]

Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female (1998 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

3.53 children born/woman (1998 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international (Disputes-international) [time series]

most of the boundary with China in dispute; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area

Illicit drugs [time series]

limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for domestic consumption; increasingly used as transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Russia and Western Europe TANZANIA

Transportation

Airports [time series]

59 (1994 est.)

Airports - with paved runways (Airports-with paved runways) [time series]

total: 14 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (1994 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways (Airports-with unpaved runways) [time series]

total: 45 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 36 (1994 est.)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 32,752 km paved: 21,119 km (note-these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, meaning that some are paved and some are all-weather gravel surfaced) unpaved: 11,633 km (1992 est.)

Pipelines [time series]

natural gas 400 km (1992)

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

none

Railways [time series]

total: 480 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines (1990)