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Communications

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army (being formed), Presidential National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

180 billion rubles, 3.4% of GDP (1995)

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49: 1,358,106 males fit for military service: 1,115,149 males reach military age (18) annually: 58,691 (1996 est.)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note - there is one state-owned radio broadcast station

Radios [time series]

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network domestic: cable and microwave radio relay international: linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics, and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones) [time series]

303,000 (1991 est.)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

1 note: 1 Intelsat earth station provides TV receive-only service from Turkey

Televisions [time series]

NA Defense

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats

Budget [time series]

revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

introduced its own currency, the Tajik ruble, in May 1995

Economic aid [time series]

recipient: ODA, $22 million (1993) note: commitments, $885 million (disbursements $115 million) (1992-95)

Economic overview [time series]

Tajikistan had the next-to-lowest per capita GDP in the former USSR, the highest rate of population growth, and an extremely low standard of living. Agriculture dominates the economy, with cotton being the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry is limited to a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The Tajik economy has been gravely weakened by four years of civil conflict and by the loss of subsidies and markets for its products, which has left Tajikistan dependent on Russia and Uzbekistan and on international humanitarian assistance for much of its basic subsistence needs. Moreover, constant political turmoil and the continued dominance by former communist officials have impeded the introduction of meaningful economic reforms. The regime has made only halfhearted efforts to stabilize the economy and promote reform.

Electricity [time series]

capacity: 3,800,000 kW production: 14.8 billion kWh consumption per capita: 2,400 kWh (1995)

Exchange rates [time series]

Tajik rubles per US$1 - 284 (January 1996)

Exports [time series]

$707 million (1995) commodities: cotton, aluminum, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles partners: Russia, Kazakstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$635 million (of which $250 million to Russia) (1995 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $6.4 billion (1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%

Real GDP per capita (GDP per capita) [time series]

$1,040 (1995 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP real growth rate) [time series]

-12.4% (1995 est.)

Illicit drugs [time series]

illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America

Imports [time series]

$690 million (1995) commodities: fuel, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs partners: Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakstan

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

-5% (1995)

Industries [time series]

aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

28% monthly average (1995 est.)

Labor force [time series]

1.95 million (1992) by occupation: agriculture and forestry 43%, government and services 24%, industry 14%, trade and communications 11%, construction 8% (1990)

Unemployment rate [time series]

3.3% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people (December 1995)

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 143,100 sq km land area: 142,700 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Climate [time series]

midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

current issues: inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA

Geographic coordinates [time series]

39 00 N, 71 00 E

Geography - note (Geographic note) [time series]

landlocked

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

boundary with China in dispute; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area; Afghanistan's and other foreign support to Islamic fighters in Tajikistan's civil war based in northern Afghanistan

Irrigated land [time series]

6,940 sq km (1990)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 3,651 km border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 6% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 23% forest and woodland: 0% other: 71%

Location [time series]

Central Asia, west of China

Map references [time series]

Commonwealth of Independent States

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural resources [time series]

significant hydropower potential, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten

Terrain [time series]

Pamir and Altai Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest lowest point: Syrdariya 300 m highest point: Qullai Kommunizm 7,495 m

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

2 oblasts (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and one autonomous oblast* (viloyati avtonomii); Viloyati Avtonomii Badakhshoni Kuni* (Khorugh - formerly Khorog), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube), Viloyati Leninobod (Khujand - formerly Leninabad) note: the administrative center names are in parentheses

Capital [time series]

Dushanbe

Constitution [time series]

new constitution adopted 6 November 1994

Data code [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

Tajikistan does not have an embassy in the US, but has a mission at the UN: address - 136 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, telephone - [1] (212) 472-7645, FAX - [1] (212) 628-0252

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; was Head of State and Assembly Chairman since NA November 1992) was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 6 November 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results - Emomali RAHMONOV 58%, Abdumalik ABDULLAJANOV 40% head of government: Prime Minister Yahyo AZIMOV (since 8 February 1996) was appointed by the president cabinet: Council of Ministers was appointed by the president who proposes them to the Supreme Assembly for approval

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

Telex (787) 20116

Flag [time series]

three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven five-pointed gold stars is located in the center of the white stripe

Independence [time series]

9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

International organization participation [time series]

CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), IOC, IOM, ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral

Country name (Name of country) [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan conventional short form: Tajikistan local long form: Jumhurii Tojikistan local short form: none former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

Legislative branch (National Assembly (Majlisi Oli)) [time series]

elections last held 26 February and 12 March 1995 (next to be held NA 2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; estimated seats - (181 total) Communist Party and affiliates 100, People's Party 10, Party of People's Unity 6, Party of Economic and Political Renewal 1, other 64

National holiday [time series]

National Day, 9 September (1991)

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

Tajikistan Opposition Movement based in northern Afghanistan, Seyed Abdullah NURI, chairman

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

People's Party of Tajikistan, Abdumajid DOSTIYEV; Party of People's Unity, Abdumalik ABDULLOJONOR; Tajik Communist Party, Shodi SHABDOLOV; Democratic Party, Jumaboy NIYAZOV, chairman; Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), Mohammed Sharif HIMMATZODA, chairman; Rebirth (Rastokhez), Takhir ABDUZHABOROV; Lali Badakhshan Society, Atobek AMIRBEK; Tajikistan Party of Economic and Political Renewal (TPEPR); Citizenship, Patriotism, Unity Party, Bobokhon MAHMADOV; Adolatho "Justices" Party, Abdurahmon KARIMOV, chairman

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Government type (Type of government) [time series]

republic

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador R. Grant SMITH embassy: interim chancery, Oktyabrskaya Hotel, 105A Prospect Rudaki, Dushanbe 734001 mailing address: Octyabrskaya Hotel, 105A Prospect Rudaki, Dushanbe, Tajikistan 734001 telephone: [7] (3772) 21-03-56

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 43% (male 1,282,846; female 1,258,302) 15-64 years: 53% (male 1,546,264; female 1,566,365) 65 years and over: 4% (male 110,705; female 151,891) (July 1996 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

33.78 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Death rate [time series]

8.43 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

113.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

Languages [time series]

Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 64.45 years male: 60.84 years female: 68.24 years (1996 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 15 and over can read and write (1989 est.) total population: 98% male: 99% female: 97%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Tajik(s) adjective: Tajik

Net migration rate [time series]

-9.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Population [time series]

5,916,373 (July 1996 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

1.54% (1996 est.)

Religions [time series]

Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female all ages: 0.99 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.38 children born/woman (1996 est.)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

total: 59 with paved runways over 3 047 m: 1 with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 5 with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 7 with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 9 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 36 (1994 est.)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 32,752 km paved: 21,119 km unpaved: 11,633 km (1992 est.)

Pipelines [time series]

natural gas 400 km (1992)

Ports [time series]

none

Railways [time series]

total: 480 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines (1990)