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Communications

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $85 million, 1.4% of GDP (1995)

Legislative branch (Khmer Royal Armed Forces (KRAF)) [time series]

created in 1993 by the merger of the Cambodian People's Armed Forces and the two noncommunist resistance armies; note - the KRAF is also known as the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF)

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49: 2,336,606 males fit for military service: 1,302,234 males reach military age (18) annually: 79,514 (1996 est.)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

Radios [time series]

Resistance forces [time series]

National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

service barely adequate for government requirements and virtually nonexistent for general public domestic: NA international: landline international service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean Region)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones) [time series]

7,000 (1981 est.)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

1 (1986 est.)

Televisions [time series]

70,000 (1993 est.) Defense

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

rice, rubber, corn, vegetables

Budget [time series]

revenues: $210 million expenditures: $346 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 new riel (CR) = 100 sen

Economic aid [time series]

recipient: ODA, $NA note: IMF pledged $120 million in aid for 1995-98

Economic overview [time series]

The Cambodian economy - virtually destroyed by decades of war - is slowly recovering. Government leaders are moving toward restoring fiscal and monetary discipline and have established good working relations with international financial institutions. Growth, starting from a low base, has been strong in 1991-95. Despite such positive developments, the reconstruction effort faces many tough challenges because of the persistence of internal political divisions and the related lack of confidence of foreign investors. Rural Cambodia, where 90% of about 9.5 million Khmer live, remains mired in poverty. The almost total lack of basic infrastructure in the countryside will hinder development and will contribute to a growing imbalance in growth between urban and rural areas over the near term. Moreover, the government's lack of experience in administering economic and technical assistance programs and rampant corruption among officials will slow the growth of critical public sector investment. The decline of inflation from the 1992 rate of more than 50% is one of the bright spots.

Electricity [time series]

capacity: 40,000 kW production: 160 million kWh consumption per capita: 14 kWh (1993)

Exchange rates [time series]

riels (CR) per US$1 - 2,585 (December 1994), 2,470 (December 1993), 2,800 (September 1992), 500 (December 1991), 560 (1990)

Exports [time series]

$240.7 million (1995 est.) commodities: timber, rubber, soybeans, sesame partners: Singapore, Japan, Thailand, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$383 million to OECD members (1993)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $7 billion (1995 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 52% industry: 13.5% services: 34.5% (1993)

Real GDP per capita (GDP per capita) [time series]

$660 (1995 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP real growth rate) [time series]

6.7% (1995 est.)

Illicit drugs [time series]

key transshipment country for Golden Triangle heroin en route to West; possibly becoming money-laundering center; high-level narcotics-related corruption in government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis

Imports [time series]

$630.5 million (1995 est.) commodities: cigarettes, construction materials, petroleum products, machinery, motor vehicles partners: Singapore, Vietnam, Japan, Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

7.9% (1993 est.)

Industries [time series]

rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

6% (1995 est.)

Labor force [time series]

2.5 million to 3 million by occupation: agriculture 80% (1988 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 181,040 sq km land area: 176,520 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Oklahoma

Climate [time series]

tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation

Coastline [time series]

443 km

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

current issues: logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand are resulting in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); deforestation; soil erosion; in rural areas, a majority of the population does not have access to potable water natural hazards: monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts international agreements: party to - Marine Life Conservation, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Tropical Timber 94

Geographic coordinates [time series]

13 00 N, 105 00 E

Geography - note (Geographic note) [time series]

a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

offshore islands and sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined; parts of border with Thailand in dispute; maritime boundary with Thailand not clearly defined

Irrigated land [time series]

920 sq km (1989 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 2,572 km border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 16% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 3% forest and woodland: 76% other: 4%

Location [time series]

Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand and Vietnam

Map references [time series]

Southeast Asia

Maritime claims [time series]

contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural resources [time series]

timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential

Terrain [time series]

mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

21 provinces (khett, singular and plural); Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Phnum Penh, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu (Sihanoukville), Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev note: a new province of Otdar Mean Cheay may have been created from parts of Banteay Mean Cheay and Siem Reab

Capital [time series]

Phnom Penh

Constitution [time series]

promulgated 21 September 1993

Data code [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador VAR HUOTH chancery: 4500 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993) is a constitutional monarch head of government: power shared between First Prime Minister Prince Norodom RANARIDDH (since NA 1993) and Second Prime Minister HUN SEN (since NA 1993) who were appointed by the king cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the king

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[1] (202) 726-8381

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[855] (23) 426437

Flag [time series]

three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band

Independence [time series]

9 November 1949 (from France)

International organization participation [time series]

ACCT, AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, ITU, Mekong Group, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court provided for by the constitution has not yet been established and the future judicial system is yet to be defined by law

Legal system [time series]

currently being defined

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral

Country name (Name of country) [time series]

conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia conventional short form: Cambodia local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea local short form: Kampuchea

Legislative branch (National Assembly) [time series]

members elected for five-year terms; elections last held 23 May 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) FUNCINPEC 58, CPP 51, Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party 10, Molinaka 1 note: the May 1993 elections were for the Constituent Assembly which became the National Assembly after the new constitution was promulgated in September 1993

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 9 November 1949

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC), Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party (CPP), CHEA SIM; Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party, SON SANN faction; Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party, IENG MOULY faction; Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge), KHIEU SAMPHAN; Molinaka, PROM NEAKAREACH

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Government type (Type of government) [time series]

multiparty liberal democracy under a constitutional monarchy established in September 1993

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Kenneth M. QUINN embassy: 27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546 telephone: [855] (23) 426436, 426438

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 45% (male 2,505,998; female 2,432,620) 15-64 years: 51% (male 2,579,986; female 3,007,838) 65 years and over: 4% (male 143,759; female 191,017) (July 1996 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

43.5 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Death rate [time series]

15.78 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

107.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

Languages [time series]

Khmer (official), French

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 49.86 years male: 48.39 years female: 51.39 years (1996 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 35% male: 48% female: 22%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Cambodian(s) adjective: Cambodian

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Population [time series]

10,861,218 (July 1996 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.77% (1996 est.)

Religions [time series]

Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.86 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female all ages: 0.93 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

5.81 children born/woman (1996 est.)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

total: 14 with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 2 with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 2 with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 7 (1995 est.)

Heliports [time series]

2 (1995 est.)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 34,100 km paved: 3,000 km unpaved: 31,100 km (1994 est.)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 5 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 17,451 GRT/18,280 DWT (1995 est.)

Ports [time series]

Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh

Railways [time series]

total: 603 km narrow gauge: 603 km 1.000-m gauge

Waterways [time series]

3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 m