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Communications

Airports [time series]

total: 58 useable: 30 with permanent-surface runways: 12 with runways over 3,659 m: 0 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 13

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

29,900 km total (1990); 21,400 km hard surfaced, 8,500 km earth

Pipelines [time series]

natural gas 400 km (1992)

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

480 km; does not include industrial lines (1990)

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network; telephone density in urban locations is about 100 per 1000 persons; linked by cable and microwave to other CIS republics, and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; satellite earth stations - 1 orbita and 2 INTELSAT (TV receive-only; the second INTELSAT earth station provides TV receive-only service from Turkey)

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army (being formed), National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

$NA, NA% of GDP

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 1,313,676; fit for military service 1,079,935; reach military age (18) annually 56,862 (1993 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, yaks

Budget [time series]

revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

retaining Russian ruble as currency (January 1993)

Economic aid [time series]

$700 million offical and commitments by foreign donors (1992)

Electricity [time series]

4,585,000 kW capacity; 16,800 million kWh produced, 2,879 kWh per capita (1992)

Exchange rates [time series]

rubles per US$1 - 415 (24 December 1992) but subject to wide fluctuations

Exports [time series]

$100 million to outside successor states of the former USSR (1992) commodities: aluminum, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles partners: Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$650 million (end of 1991 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Illicit drugs [time series]

illicit producer of cannabis and opium; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication programs; used as transshipment points for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe

Imports [time series]

$100 million from outside the successor states of the former USSR (1992) commodities: chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs partners: NA

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate -25% (1992 est.)

Industries [time series]

aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

35% per month (first quarter 1993)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP $NA

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$NA

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

-34% (1992 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Tajikistan has had the lowest living standards of the CIS republics and now faces the bleakest economic prospects. Agriculture (particularly cotton and fruit growing) is the most important sector, accounting for 38% of employment (1990). Industrial production includes aluminum reduction, hydropower generation, machine tools, refrigerators, and freezers. Throughout 1992 bloody civil disturbances disrupted food imports and several regions became desperately short of basic needs. Hundreds of thousands of people were made homeless by the strife. In late 1992, one-third of industry was shut down and the cotton crop was only one-half of that of 1991.

Unemployment rate [time series]

0.4% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 143,100 km2 land area: 142,700 km2 comparative area: slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Climate [time series]

midlatitude; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

boundary with China under dispute; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area; Afghanistan's support to Islamic fighters in Tajikistan's civil war

Irrigated land [time series]

6,940 km2 (1990)

Land boundaries [time series]

total 3,651 km, Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 6% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 23% forest and woodland: 0% other: 71%

Location [time series]

South Asia, between Uzbekistan and China

Map references [time series]

Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

none; landlocked

Natural resources [time series]

significant hydropower potential, petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten

Note [time series]

landlocked

Terrain [time series]

Pamir and Altay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kafirnigan and Vakhsh Valleys in south or southwest

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

2 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast') and one autonomous oblast*;, Gorno-Badakhshan*;, note: the rayons around Dushanbe are under direct republic jurisdiction; an oblast usually has the same name as its administrative center (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)

Capital [time series]

Dushanbe

Constitution [time series]

as of mid-1993, a new constitution had not been formally approved

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: NA chancery: NA telephone: NA

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

President: last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held NA); results - Rakhman NABIYEV, Communist Party 60%; Davlat KHUDONAZAROV, Democratic Party, Islamic Rebirth Party and Rastokhoz Party 30% Supreme Soviet: last held 25 February 1990 (next to be held NA); results - Communist Party 99%, other 1%; seats - (230 total) Communist Party 227, other 3 note: in May 1992, the Supreme Soviet was replaced by the transitional 80-member Assembly (Majlis) and in November 1992 Emomili RAKHMANOV, chairman of the Assembly, became Chief of State

Executive branch [time series]

president, prime minister, cabinet

Flag [time series]

Independence [time series]

9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Judicial branch [time series]

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: Acting President and Assembly Chairman Emomili RAKHMANOV (since NA November 1992) Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdumalik ABULAJANOV (since NA November 1992); First Deputy Prime Minister Tukhtaboy GAFAROV (since NA November 1992)

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Assembly (Majlis)

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, NACC, UN, UNCTAD, WHO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan conventional short form: Tajikistan local long form: Respublika i Tojikiston local short form: none former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

National holiday [time series]

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

Tajik People's Front

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Tajik Democratic Party (TDP), Maksud IKRAMOV, Davia KOUDONAZAROV, Shodmon YUSUPOV; Tajik Socialist Party (TSP), Rakhman NABIYEV, Kakhkhor MAKHKAMOV; Islamic Revival Party (IRP), Mullah Mukhamedsharif KHIMATZODA, Daviat USMON

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Stanley T. ESCUDERO embassy: (temporary) #39 Ainii Street, Dushanbe mailing address: APO AE 09862 telephone: [7] (3772) 24-82-33

People

Birth rate [time series]

35.52 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate [time series]

6.87 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

63.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Labor force [time series]

1.938 million by occupation: agriculture and forestry 43%, industry and construction 22%, other 35% (1990)

Languages [time series]

Tajik (official)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 68.5 years male: 65.66 years female: 71.48 years (1993 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 9-49 can read and write (1970) total population: 100% male: 100% female: 99%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Tajik(s) adjective: Tajik

Net migration rate [time series]

-1.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Population [time series]

5,836,140 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.72% (1993 est.)

Religions [time series]

Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5%

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.7 children born/woman (1993 est.)