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Communications

Airports [time series]

total: 15 usable: 9 with permanent-surface runways: 5 with runways over 3,659 m: 0 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 4

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

13,351 km total; 2,622 km bituminous; 7,105 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; 3,624 km unimproved earth; some roads in disrepair

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters

Ports [time series]

Kampong Saom, Phnom Penh

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

612 km 1.000-meter gauge, government owned

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

service barely adequate for government requirements and virtually nonexistent for general public; international service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries; broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, 1 TV

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

SOC: Cambodian People's Armed Forces (CPAF) Communist resistance forces: National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge) non-Communist resistance forces: Armee National Kampuchea Independent (ANKI) which is sometimes anglicized as National Army of Independent Cambodia (NAIC), Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces (KPNLAF)

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 1,883,679; fit for military service 1,033,168; reach military age (18) annually 74,585 (1993 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

mainly subsistence farming except for rubber plantations; main crops - rice, rubber, corn; food shortages - rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour

Budget [time series]

revenues $120 million; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 riel (CR) = 100 sen

Economic aid [time series]

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $725 million; Western (non-US countries) (1970-89), $300 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $1.8 billion

Electricity [time series]

35,000 kW capacity; 70 million kWh produced, 9 kWh per capita (1990)

Exchange rates [time series]

riels (CR) per US$1 - 2,800 (September 1992), 500 (December 1991), 560 (1990), 159.00 (1988), 100.00 (1987)

Exports [time series]

$59 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.) commodities: natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood partners: Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$717 million (1990)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Imports [time series]

$170 million (c.i.f., 1990 est.) commodities: international food aid; fuels, consumer goods, machinery partners: Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate NA%

Industries [time series]

rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

250-300% (1992 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - exchange rate conversion - $2 billion (1991 est.)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$280 (1991 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

NA%

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Cambodia remains a desperately poor country whose economic recovery is held hostage to continued political unrest and factional hostilities. The country's immediate economic challenge is an acute financial crisis that is undermining monetary stability and preventing disbursement of foreign development assistance. Cambodia is still recovering from an abrupt shift in 1990 to free-market economic mechanisms and a cutoff in aid from former Soviet bloc countries; these changes have severely impacted on public sector revenues and performance. The country's infrastructure of roads, bridges, and power plants has been severely degraded, now having only 40-50% of prewar capacity. The economy remains essentially rural, with 90% of the population living in the countryside and dependent mainly on subsistence agriculture. Statistical data on the economy continue to be sparse and unreliable.

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 181,040 km2 land area: 176,520 km2 comparative area: slightly smaller than Oklahoma

Climate [time series]

tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to October); dry season (December to March); little seasonal temperature variation

Coastline [time series]

443 km

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

a land of paddies and forests dominated by Mekong River and Tonle Sap

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

offshore islands and three sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined

Irrigated land [time series]

920 km2 (1989 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total 2,572 km, Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 16% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 3% forest and woodland: 76% other: 4%

Location [time series]

Southeast Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand and Vietnam

Map references [time series]

Asia, Southeast Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural resources [time series]

timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential

Note [time series]

buffer between Thailand and Vietnam

Terrain [time series]

mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

20 provinces (khet, singular and plural); Banteay Meanchey, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Phnum Penh, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri, Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev

Capital [time series]

Phnom Penh

Constitution [time series]

a new constitution will be drafted after the national election in 1993

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

the Supreme National Council (SNC) represents Cambodia in international organizations

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

UN-supervised election for a 120-member constituent assembly based on proportional representation within each province is scheduled for 23-27 May 1993; the assembly will draft and approve a constitution and then transform itself into a legislature that will create a new Cambodian Government

Executive branch [time series]

a 12 member Supreme National Council (SNC), chaired by Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK, composed of representatives from each of the four political factions; faction names and delegation leaders are: State of Cambodia (SOC) - HUN SEN; Democratic Kampuchea (DK or Khmer Rouge) - KHIEU SAMPHAN; Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) - SON SANN; National United Front for an Independent, Peaceful, Neutral, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC) - Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH

Flag [time series]

SNC - blue background with white map of Cambodia in middle; SOC - two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and blue with a gold stylized five-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center

Independence [time series]

9 November 1949 (from France)

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme People's Court pending a national election in 1993, the incumbent SOC faction's Supreme People's Court is the only functioning national judicial body

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: SNC - Chairman Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK, under UN supervision Head of Government: NGC - vacant, but will be determined following the national election in 1993; SOC - Chairman of the Council of Ministers HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985)

Legal system [time series]

Legislative branch [time series]

pending a national election in 1993, the incumbent SOC faction's unicameral National Assembly is the only functioning national legislative body

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, ITU, LORCS, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: none conventional short form: Cambodia

National holiday [time series]

NGC: Independence Day, 17 April (1975) SOC: Liberation Day, 7 January (1979)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge) under KHIEU SAMPHAN; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party (CPP) under CHEA SIM; Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) under SON SANN; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC) under Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH; Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) under SAK SUTSAKHAN

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Government type (Type) [time series]

transitional government currently administered by the Supreme National Council (SNC), a body set up under United Nations' auspices, in preparation for an internationally supervised election in 1993 and including representatives from each of the country's four political factions

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

US representative: Charles TWINNING mission: 27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546 telephone: (855) 23-26436 or (855) 23-26438 FAX: (855) 23-26437

People

Birth rate [time series]

45.52 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate [time series]

16.57 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

111.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Labor force [time series]

2,500,000 to 3,000,000 by occupation: agriculture 80% (1988 est.)

Languages [time series]

Khmer (official), French

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 49.06 years male: 47.6 years female: 50.6 years (1993 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 15 and over can read and write (1990) total population: 35% male: 48% female: 22%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Cambodian(s) adjective: Cambodian

Net migration rate [time series]

15.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Population [time series]

9,898,900 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

4.41% (1993 est.)

Religions [time series]

Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5%

Total fertility rate [time series]

5.81 children born/woman (1993 est.)