Airports [time series]

NA

Civil air [time series]

NA

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

29,900 km total (1990); 24,400 km hard surfaced, 8,500 km earth

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

NA km perennially navigable

Pipelines [time series]

NA

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

480 km all 1.520-meter (broad) gauge (includes NA km electrified); does not include industrial lines (1990); 258 km between Dushanbe (Tajikistan) and Termez (Uzbekistan), connects with the railroad system of the other republics of the former Soviet Union at Tashkent in Uzbekistan

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

poorly developed; telephone density NA; linked by landline or microwave with other CIS member states and by leased connections via the Moscow international gateway switch to other countries; satellite earth stations - Orbita and INTELSAT (TV receive only)

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard; CIS Forces (Ground, Air, and Air Defense)

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

$NA, NA% of GDP

Manpower availability [time series]

males 15-49, NA; NA fit for military service; NA reach military age (18) annually

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, yaks

Budget [time series]

$NA

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

as of May 1992, retaining ruble as currency

Economic aid [time series]

NA

Electricity [time series]

4,575,000 kW capacity; 17,500 million kWh produced, 3,384 kWh per capita (1991)

Exchange rates [time series]

NA

Exports [time series]

$706 million (1990) commodities: aluminum, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles partners: Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$650 million (end of 1991 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

$NA, per capita $NA; real growth rate -9% (1991 est.)

Illicit drugs [time series]

illicit producers of cannabis and opium; mostly for domestic consumption; status of government eradication programs unknown; used as transshipment points for illicit drugs to Western Europe

Imports [time series]

$1.3 billion (1990) commodities: chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs partners: NA

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate -2.0% (1991)

Industries [time series]

aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

84% (1991)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Tajikistan has had the lowest standard of living and now faces the bleakest economic prospects of the 15 former Soviet republics. Agriculture is the main economic sector, normally accounting for 38% of employment and featuring cotton and fruits. Industry is sparse, bright spots including electric power and aluminum production based on the country's sizable hydropower resources and a surprising specialty in the production of metal-cutting machine tools. In 1991 and early 1992, disruptions in food supplies from the outside have severely strained the availability of food throughout the republic. The combination of the poor food supply, the general disruption of industrial links to suppliers and markets, and political instability have meant that the republic's leadership could make little progress in economic reform in 1991 and early 1992.

Unemployment rate [time series]

25% (1991 est.)

Climate [time series]

midlatitude semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Coastline [time series]

none - landlocked

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Disputes - international (Disputes) [time series]

boundary with China under dispute

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

NA

Area (Land area) [time series]

142,700 km2

Land boundaries [time series]

3,651 km total; Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Land use [time series]

6% arable land; NA% permanent crops; NA% meadows and pastures; NA% forest and woodland; NA% other; includes NA% irrigated

Maritime claims [time series]

none - landlocked

Natural resources [time series]

significant hydropower potential, petroleum, uranium, mercury, small production of petroleum, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten

Note [time series]

landlocked

Terrain [time series]

Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kafirnigan and Vakhsh Valleys in southeast

Area (Total area) [time series]

143,100 km2

Administrative divisions [time series]

3 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast') and one autonomous oblast*; Gorno-Badakhshan*; Kurgan-Tyube, Kulyab, Leninabad (Khudzhand); note - the rayons around Dushanbe are under direct republic jurisdiction; an oblast usually has the same name as its administrative center (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)

Capital [time series]

Dushanbe

Political parties (Communists) [time series]

NA

Constitution [time series]

adopted NA April 1978

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

NA US: Ambassador-designate Stan ESCUDERO; Embassy at Interim Chancery, #39 Ainii Street; Residences: Oktyabrskaya Hotel, Dushanbe (mailing address is APO AE 09862); telephone [8] (011) 7-3772-24-32-23

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

President: last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held NA); results - Rakhman NABIYEV, Communist Party 60%; Daolat KHUDONAZAROV, Democratic Party, Islamic Rebirth Party and Rastokhoz Party 30% Supreme Soviet: last held 25 February 1990 (next to be held NA); results - Communist Party 99%, other 1%; seats - (230 total) Communist Party 227, other 3

Executive branch [time series]

president, prime minister

Flag [time series]

NA; still in the process of designing one

Independence [time series]

9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union); formerly Tajikistan Soviet Socialist Republic

Judicial branch [time series]

NA

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: President Rakhman NABIYEV (since NA September 1991); note - a government of National Reconciliation was formed in May 1992; NABIYEV is titular head Head of Government: Prime Minister Akbar MIRZOYEV (since 10 January 1992); First Deputy Prime Minister Davlat USMON

Legal system [time series]

based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Supreme Soviet

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

Republic of Tajikistan

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

CSCE, IMF, UN

National holiday [time series]

NA

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

Kazi Kolon, Akbar TURAJON-SODA, Muslim leader

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Tajik Democratic Party, Shodmon YUSUF, chairman; Rastokhez (Rebirth), Tohir ABDULJABAR, chairman; Islamic Revival Party, Sharif HIMMOT-ZODA, chairman

Suffrage [time series]

universal at age 18

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic

Birth rate [time series]

40 births/1,000 population (1992)

Death rate [time series]

8 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Tajik 62%, Uzbek 24%, Russian 8%, Tatar 2%, other 4%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

74 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

Labor force [time series]

1,938,000; agriculture and forestry 43%, industry and construction 22%, other 35% (1990)

Languages [time series]

Tajik (official) NA%

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

64 years male, 70 years female (1992)

Literacy [time series]

NA% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write

Nationality [time series]

noun - Tajik(s); adjective - Tajik

Net migration rate [time series]

-1 migrant/1,000 population (1992)

Organized labor [time series]

NA

Population [time series]

5,680,242 (July 1992), growth rate 3.0% (1992)

Religions [time series]

Sunni Muslim approximately 80%, Shi`a Muslim 5%

Total fertility rate [time series]

5.3 children born/woman (1992)