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Communications

Broadband - fixed subscriptions [time series]

total: 12,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2022 est.)

Broadcast media [time series]

state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2019)

Internet country code [time series]

.sm

Internet users [time series]

percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 16,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2022 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total subscriptions: 41,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2022 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products [time series]

wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Budget [time series]

revenues: $841.03 million (2023 est.) expenditures: $816.886 million (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Current account balance [time series]

$284.256 million (2022 est.) $100.118 million (2021 est.) $42.98 million (2020 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Economic overview [time series]

high-income, non-EU European economy; surrounded by Italy, which is the dominant importer and exporter; open border to EU and a euro user; strong financial sector; high foreign investments; low taxation; increasingly high and risky debt

Exchange rates [time series]

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.924 (2024 est.) 0.925 (2023 est.) 0.951 (2022 est.) 0.845 (2021 est.) 0.877 (2020 est.) note: while not an EU member state, San Marino, due to its preexisting monetary and banking agreements with Italy, has a 2000 monetary agreement with the EU to produce limited euro coinage but not banknotes that began enforcement in January 2002 and was superseded by a new EU agreement in 2012

Exports [time series]

$3.616 billion (2022 est.) $3.23 billion (2021 est.) $2.439 billion (2020 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities [time series]

washing and bottling machines, other foods, packaged medicine, woodworking machines, aircraft (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners [time series]

Germany 12%, Austria 10%, USA 9%, Romania 8%, Brazil 7% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$1.832 billion (2022 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 35.5% (2022 est.) government consumption: 17.1% (2022 est.) investment in fixed capital: 17.8% (2022 est.) investment in inventories: 5.2% (2022 est.) exports of goods and services: 197.4% (2022 est.) imports of goods and services: -173% (2022 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 0% (2022 est.) industry: 37.6% (2022 est.) services: 55.1% (2022 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Imports [time series]

$3.169 billion (2022 est.) $2.94 billion (2021 est.) $2.232 billion (2020 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities [time series]

garments, cars, electricity, animal food, footwear (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners [time series]

Germany 24%, Italy 13%, Netherlands 9%, Spain 9%, Poland 8% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

10.7% (2022 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries [time series]

tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

1.2% (2024 est.) 5.9% (2023 est.) 5.3% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Public debt [time series]

103.2% of GDP (2022 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) [time series]

$2.393 billion (2022 est.) $2.218 billion (2021 est.) $1.947 billion (2020 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate [time series]

7.9% (2022 est.) 13.9% (2021 est.) -6.6% (2020 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita [time series]

$70,900 (2022 est.) $64,700 (2021 est.) $56,000 (2020 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Remittances [time series]

1.2% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.1% of GDP (2021 est.) 1.1% of GDP (2020 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$836.088 million (2023 est.) $716.066 million (2022 est.) $954.383 million (2021 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

17.8% (of GDP) (2022 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Energy

Electricity access [time series]

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Environment

Climate [time series]

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Environmental issues [time series]

air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands; water shortage

International environmental agreements [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 38.3% (2023 est.) arable land: 33.1% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 5.2% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.) forest: 16.7% (2023 est.) other: 45% (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions [time series]

9.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 97.8% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling [time series]

municipal solid waste generated annually: 17,200 tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 45.1% (2016 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total : 61 sq km land: 61 sq km water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

about one-third the size of Washington, D.C.

Climate [time series]

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation [time series]

highest point: Monte Titano 739 m lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m

Geographic coordinates [time series]

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennine Mountains

Irrigated land [time series]

0 sq km (2022)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 37 km border countries (1): Italy 37 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 38.3% (2023 est.) arable land: 33.1% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 5.2% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.) forest: 16.7% (2023 est.) other: 45% (2023 est.)

Location [time series]

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

occasional earthquakes

Natural resources [time series]

building stone

Terrain [time series]

rugged mountains

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

9 municipalities ( castelli , singular - castello ); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

Capital [time series]

name: San Marino (city) geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century

Citizenship [time series]

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 30 years

Constitution [time series]

history: San Marino s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs ( antiche consuetudini ), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes ( antichi statute ) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974 amendment process: proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

embassy: the United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino; the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate General in Florence maintains day-to-day ties

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN chancery: 327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (212) 751-1234 FAX: [1] (212) 751-1436 email address and website: sanmarinoun@gmail.com Republic of San Marino Permanent Mission to the United Nations

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captains Regent Matteo ROSSI and Lorenzo BUGLI (for the period 1 October 2025 - 31 March 2026) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council election/appointment process: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term most recent election date: co-chiefs of state: 1 April 2025 secretary of state: 28 December 2019 election results: 2025 : Denise BRONZETTI (Reformist Alliance) and Italo RIGHI (Christian Democrat) elected captains regent: percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA 2024 : Francesca CIVERCHIA (PDCS) and Dalibor RICCARDI (Free San Marino) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA 2019: Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA expected date of next election: co-chiefs of state: September 2025 note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has seven other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are seven secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

Flag [time series]

description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue, with the national coat of arms in the center; the main colors come from the shield on the coat of arms, which features three white towers on mountain peaks on a blue field; a wreath and a crown are around the shield, above a scroll with the word LIBERTAS (Liberty) meaning: the towers represent the Guaita, Cesta, and Montale castles on Mount Titano; white and blue are said to stand for peace and liberty

Government type [time series]

parliamentary republic

Independence [time series]

3 September 301 (traditional founding date)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members) judge selection and term of office: judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms subordinate courts: first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges note: the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court

Legal system [time series]

civil law system with Italian civil law influences

Legislative branch [time series]

legislature name: Great and General Council (Consiglio grande e generale) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 60 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 6/9/2024 parties elected and seats per party: Christian Democratic Party of San Marino (PDCS) (22); Free (Libera) – Socialist Party (PS) (10); Future Republic (RF) (8); Party of Socialists and Democrats (PSD) (8); Tomorrow - Motus Liberi (5); Reformist Alliance (AR) (4); R.E.T.E. Citizens' Movement (3) percentage of women in chamber: 35% expected date of next election: June 2029

National anthem(s) [time series]

title: "Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic) lyrics/music: no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO history: adopted 1894; the music for the anthem, which has no lyrics, is based on a 10th-century chorale piece

National color(s) [time series]

white, blue

National heritage [time series]

total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural) selected World Heritage Site locales: San Marino Historic Center and Mount Titano

National holiday [time series]

Founding of the Republic (or Feast of Saint Marinus), 3 September (A.D. 301)

National symbol(s) [time series]

three peaks, each displaying a tower

Political parties [time series]

Domani - Modus Liberi or DML Free San Marino (Libera San Marino) or Libera Future Republic or RF Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD Reformist Alliance or AR RETE Movement Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS Socialist Party or PS Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Geographically the third-smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the EU, although it is not a member. San Marino is negotiating an Association Agreement that is expected to allow participation in the EU s internal market and cooperation in other policy areas by late 2024. Social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

Military and Security

Military - note [time series]

defense is the responsibility of Italy

Military and security forces [time series]

San Marino Military Corps (Corpi Militari Sammarinesi; aka Sammarinese Armed Forces or Forze Armate Sammarinesi): Fortress Guard Command (or Guard of the Rock), Uniformed Company of the Militias, Guard of the Great and General Council, Corps of the Gendarmerie Ministry of Internal Affairs: Civil Police Corps (2025)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to serve in the military (2025)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 14.2% (male 2,614/female 2,387) 15-64 years: 64.3% (male 10,916/female 11,648) 65 years and over: 21.5% (2024 est.) (male 3,414/female 4,116)

Birth rate [time series]

9.04 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Death rate [time series]

8.9 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 56.5 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 22.2 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 34.3 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 2.9 (2025 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

total: 100% of population (2022 est.) total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure [time series]

2.9% of GDP (2022 est.) 13% national budget (2023 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Sammarinese, Italian

Gross reproduction rate [time series]

0.74 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure [time series]

8% of GDP (2021) 29.5% of national budget (2022 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 7.4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages [time series]

Italian major-language sample(s): L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 84.2 years (2024 est.) male: 81.7 years female: 87 years

Literacy [time series]

total population: 99.9% (2022 est.) male: 99.9% (2022 est.) female: 99.9% (2022 est.)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

4,000 SAN MARINO (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio [time series]

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age [time series]

total: 46.3 years (2025 est.) male: 44.5 years female: 47.4 years

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

31.9 years (2019)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese

Net migration rate [time series]

5.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Physician density [time series]

4.63 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Population [time series]

total: 35,291 (2025 est.) male: 17,035 female: 18,256

Population growth rate [time series]

0.55% (2025 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic

Sanitation facility access [time series]

total: 100% of population (2022 est.) total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 16 years (2015 est.) male: 15 years (2015 est.) female: 16 years (2015 est.)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.54 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 97.8% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

1 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]