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Communications

Broadband - fixed subscriptions [time series]

total: 11,000 (2020 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32 (2020 est.)

Broadcast media [time series]

state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2019)

Internet country code [time series]

.sm

Internet users [time series]

total: 25,500 (2021 est.) percent of population: 75% (2021 est.)

Telecommunication systems [time series]

general assessment: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system (2018) domestic: fixed-line is 47 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity is 119 telephones per 100 persons (2021) international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 16,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 48 (2022 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total subscriptions: 41,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 122 (2022 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products [time series]

wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides

Budget [time series]

revenues: $817.27 million (2022 est.) expenditures: $816.572 million (2022 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Credit ratings [time series]

Fitch rating: BB+ (2020) note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

Current account balance [time series]

$0 (2017 est.) $0 (2016 est.)

Economic overview [time series]

high-income, non-EU European economy; surrounded by Italy, which is the dominant importer and exporter; open border to EU and a euro user; strong financial sector; high foreign investments; low taxation; increasingly high and risky debt

Exchange rates [time series]

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.925 (2023 est.) 0.951 (2022 est.) 0.845 (2021 est.) 0.877 (2020 est.) 0.893 (2019 est.) note: while not an EU member state, San Marino, due to its preexisting monetary and banking agreements with Italy, has a 2000 monetary agreement with the EU to produce limited euro coinage but not banknotes that began enforcement in January 2002 and was superseded by a new EU agreement in 2012

Exports [time series]

$3.42 billion (2021 est.) $2.535 billion (2020 est.) $2.651 billion (2019 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities [time series]

washing and bottling machines, woodworking machines, furniture, other foods, packaged medicine (2022) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners [time series]

US 10%, Germany 9%, France 9%, Austria 9%, Romania 7% (2022) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$1.855 billion (2021 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 33.1% (2021 est.) government consumption: 18.5% (2021 est.) investment in fixed capital: 17.5% (2021 est.) investment in inventories: 4.7% (2021 est.) exports of goods and services: 184.3% (2021 est.) imports of goods and services: -158.2% (2021 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 0% (2021 est.) industry: 36.6% (2021 est.) services: 56.5% (2021 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Imports [time series]

$2.934 billion (2021 est.) $2.164 billion (2020 est.) $2.315 billion (2019 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities [time series]

electricity, garments, cars, aluminum, footwear (2022) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners [time series]

Italy 22%, Germany 20%, Poland 7%, Spain 7%, Netherlands 7% (2022) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

11.57% (2021 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries [time series]

tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

1.05% (2017 est.) 0.57% (2016 est.) 0.15% (2015 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Public debt [time series]

95.12% of GDP (2021 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) [time series]

$2.218 billion (2021 est.) $2.045 billion (2020 est.) $2.19 billion (2019 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate [time series]

8.46% (2021 est.) -6.65% (2020 est.) 2.07% (2019 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita [time series]

$65,700 (2021 est.) $60,100 (2020 est.) $64,100 (2019 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Remittances [time series]

1.13% of GDP (2021 est.) 1.15% of GDP (2020 est.) 1.08% of GDP (2019 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$836.088 million (2023 est.) $716.066 million (2022 est.) $954.383 million (2021 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

17.3% (of GDP) (2021 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Unemployment rate [time series]

8.1% (2017 est.) 8.6% (2016 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 27.4% (2016 est.) male: 21.4% female: 36%

Energy

Electricity access [time series]

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Environment

Air pollutants [time series]

particulate matter emissions: 9.85 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.) methane emissions: 0.02 megatons (2020 est.)

Climate [time series]

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Environment - current issues [time series]

air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands; water shortage

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 16.7% (2018 est.) arable land: 16.7% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.) forest: 0% (2018 est.) other: 83.3% (2018 est.)

Revenue from forest resources [time series]

0% of GDP (2018 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 97.8% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling [time series]

municipal solid waste generated annually: 17,175 tons (2016 est.) municipal solid waste recycled annually: 7,737 tons (2016 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 45.1% (2016 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total : 61 sq km land: 61 sq km water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

about one-third the size of Washington, DC

Climate [time series]

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation [time series]

highest point: Monte Titano 739 m lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m

Geographic coordinates [time series]

43 46 N, 12 25 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennine Mountains

Irrigated land [time series]

0 sq km (2022)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 37 km border countries (1): Italy 37 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 16.7% (2018 est.) arable land: 16.7% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.) forest: 0% (2018 est.) other: 83.3% (2018 est.)

Location [time series]

Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

occasional earthquakes

Natural resources [time series]

building stone

Terrain [time series]

rugged mountains

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

Capital [time series]

name: San Marino (city) geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded a monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced

Citizenship [time series]

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 30 years

Constitution [time series]

history: San Marino s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs (antiche consuetudini), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes (antichi statute) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974 amendments: proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum; Declaration of Civil Rights amended several times, last in 2019

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded the monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Jack Markell (since September 2023); note - also accredited to Italy embassy: the United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino; the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate General in Florence maintains day-to-day ties

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN chancery: 327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (212) 751-1234 FAX: [1] (212) 751-1436 email address and website: sanmarinoun@gmail.com Republic of San Marino Permanent Mission to the United Nations

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captains Regent Francesca CIVERCHIA and Dalibor RICCARDI (for the period 1 October 2024 - 30 March 2025) head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020) cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council elections/appointments: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held on 1 October 2024 (next to be held in March 2025); Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 28 December 2019 election results: October 2024: Francesca CIVERCHIA (PDCS) and Dalibor RICCARDI (Free San Marino) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA March 2024: Alessandro ROSSI (Demos) and Milena GASPERONI (We for the Republic) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA September 2023: Filippo TAMAGNINI and Gaetano TROINA elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA 2019: Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has seven other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are seven secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature, Mount Titano: Guaita, Cesta, and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty); the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively

Government type [time series]

parliamentary republic

Independence [time series]

3 September 301 (traditional founding date)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members); note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court judge selection and term of office: judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms subordinate courts: first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges

Legal system [time series]

civil law system with Italian civil law influences

Legislative branch [time series]

description: unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by list proportional representation vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms) elections: last held on 9 June 2024 (next to be held by 30 June 2029) election results: percent of vote by party/coalition - (PDCS 34.1% AR 6.9% coalition), (PS 15.8% PSD 12.2% coalition), RF 12%, DML 8.5%, RETE 5.1% seats by party/coalition - (PDCS 22 AR 4 coalition), (PS 10 PSD 8 coalition), RF 8, DML 5, RETE 3, composition - men 42, women 18, percentage women 30%

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic) lyrics/music: no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO note: adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece

National heritage [time series]

total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural) selected World Heritage Site locales: San Marino Historic Center and Mount Titano

National holiday [time series]

Founding of the Republic (or Feast of Saint Marinus), 3 September (A.D. 301)

National symbol(s) [time series]

three peaks each displaying a tower; national colors: white, blue

Political parties [time series]

Domani - Modus Liberi or DML Free San Marino (Libera San Marino) or Libera Future Republic or RF Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD Reformist Alliance or AR RETE Movement Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS Socialist Party or PS Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Geographically the third-smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the EU, although it is not a member. San Marino is negotiating an Association Agreement that is expected to allow participation in the EU s internal market and cooperation in other policy areas by late 2024. Social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.

Military and Security

Military - note [time series]

defense is the responsibility of Italy

Military and security forces [time series]

Military Corps (National Guard): Guard of the Rock (or Fortress Guard), Uniformed Militia, Guard of the Great and General Council, Corps of the Gendarmerie Ministry of Internal Affairs: Civil Police Corps (2024) note: the captains regent oversees the Gendarmerie and National Guard when they are performing duties related to public order and security; the Ministry of Foreign Affairs exercises control over such administrative functions as personnel and equipment, and the courts exercise control over the Gendarmerie when it acts as judicial police

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to serve in the military (2024)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 14.2% (male 2,614/female 2,387) 15-64 years: 64.3% (male 10,916/female 11,648) 65 years and over: 21.5% (2024 est.) (male 3,414/female 4,116)

Birth rate [time series]

9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

Current health expenditure [time series]

8.7% of GDP (2020)

Currently married women (ages 15-49) [time series]

47.7% (2023 est.)

Death rate [time series]

8.9 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 49.6 youth dependency ratio: 19.6 elderly dependency ratio: 30 potential support ratio: 3.3 (2021)

Drinking water source [time series]

improved: urban: NA rural: NA total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: NA rural: NA total: 0% of population (2020)

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

3.4% of GDP (2020 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Sammarinese, Italian

Gross reproduction rate [time series]

0.74 (2024 est.)

Hospital bed density [time series]

3.8 beds/1,000 population (2012)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 6.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.) male: 7.4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages [time series]

Italian major-language sample(s): L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 84.2 years (2024 est.) male: 81.7 years female: 87 years

Literacy [time series]

total population: 99.9% male: 99.9% female: 99.9% (2018)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

4,000 SAN MARINO (2018)

Median age [time series]

total: 46.1 years (2024 est.) male: 44.5 years female: 47.4 years

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

31.9 years (2019)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural) adjective: Sammarinese

Net migration rate [time series]

5.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Physician density [time series]

6.11 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Population [time series]

total: 35,095 male: 16,944 female: 18,151 (2024 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

0.57% (2024 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: NA rural: NA total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: NA rural: NA total: 0% of population (2020)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 12 years male: 13 years female: 12 years (2021)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.54 children born/woman (2024 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 97.8% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

1 (2024)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]

Heliports [time series]

1 (2024)

Roadways [time series]

total: 292 km paved: 292 km (2006)