Slovenia

total: 651,604 (2020 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2020 est.)

public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 domestic commercial TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 60% of households are connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster operates 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations

.si

total: 1,829,105 (2020 est.) percent of population: 87% (2020 est.)

general assessment: Slovenia s telecom sector is dominated by four operators; the mobile market has four MNOs and a small number of MVNOs, operating in a country with a potential market of just over two million people; the regulator in recent years has addressed the need for mobile operators to have more spectrum, so enabling them to improve the quality and range of services; a multi-spectrum auction was concluded in mid-2021, aimed at supporting 5G services; the broadband market continues to be dominated by a small number of players; DSL lost its dominance some years ago, being taken over by fiber as subscribers are migrated to new fiber-based networks; fiber accounted for almost half of all fixed broadband connections by March 2022 (2022) domestic: fixed-line nearly 34 per 100 and mobile-cellular over 122 per 100 teledensity (2020) international: country code - 386 (2016) note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services

total subscriptions: 704,909 (2020 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 34 (2020 est.)

total subscriptions: 2,511,980 (2019) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120.85 (2019)

milk, maize, wheat, grapes, barley, potatoes, poultry, apples, beef, pork

revenues: 21.07 billion (2017 est.) expenditures: 21.06 billion (2017 est.)

0% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Fitch rating: A (2019) Moody's rating: A3 (2020) Standard & Poors rating: AA- (2019) note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.

$3.05 billion (2019 est.) $3.17 billion (2018 est.)

$48.656 billion (2019 est.) $50.004 billion (2018 est.)

With excellent infrastructure, a well-educated work force, and a strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe, Slovenia has one of the highest per capita GDPs in Central Europe, despite having suffered a protracted recession in the 2008-09 period in the wake of the global financial crisis. Slovenia became the first 2004 EU entrant to adopt the euro (on 1 January 2007) and has experienced a stable political and economic transition. In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. In 2007, Slovenia was invited to begin the process for joining the OECD; it became a member in 2012. From 2014 to 2016, export-led growth, fueled by demand in larger European markets, pushed annual GDP growth above 2.3%. Growth reached 5.0% in 2017 and is projected to near or reach 5% in 2018. What used to be stubbornly high unemployment fell below 5.5% in early 2018, driven by strong exports and increasing consumption that boosted labor demand. Continued fiscal consolidation through increased tax collection and social security contributions will likely result in a balanced government budget in 2019. Prime Minister CERAR s government took office in September 2014, pledging to press ahead with commitments to privatize a select group of state-run companies, rationalize public spending, and further stabilize the banking sector. Efforts to privatize Slovenia s largely state-owned banking sector have largely stalled, however, amid concerns about an ongoing dispute over Yugoslav-era foreign currency deposits.

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.82771 (2020 est.) 0.90338 (2019 est.) 0.87789 (2018 est.) 0.885 (2014 est.) 0.7634 (2013 est.)

$41.73 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars $45.41 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars $45.93 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

packaged medicines, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, electrical lighting/signaling equipment, electricity (2019)

Germany 18%, Italy 11%, Croatia 8%, Austria 7%, France 5%, Switzerland 5% (2019)

calendar year

$54.16 billion (2019 est.)

household consumption: 52.6% (2017 est.) government consumption: 18.2% (2017 est.) investment in fixed capital: 18.4% (2017 est.) investment in inventories: 1.1% (2017 est.) exports of goods and services: 82.3% (2017 est.) imports of goods and services: -72.6% (2017 est.)

agriculture: 1.8% (2017 est.) industry: 32.2% (2017 est.) services: 65.9% (2017 est.)

24.2 (2017 est.) 24.5 (2015)

lowest 10%: 3.8% highest 10%: 20.1% (2016)

$36.6 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars $40.8 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars $41.32 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

packaged medicines, cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, delivery trucks, electricity (2019)

Germany 14%, Italy 12%, Austria 8%, Switzerland 8%, China 7% (2019)

8.6% (2017 est.)

ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools

1.6% (2019 est.) 1.7% (2018 est.) 1.4% (2017 est.)

885,000 (2020 est.)

agriculture: 5.5% industry: 31.2% services: 63.3% (2017 est.)

12% (2018 est.)

73.6% of GDP (2017 est.) 78.6% of GDP (2016 est.) note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds

$76.75 billion (2020 est.) $81.25 billion (2019 est.) $78.74 billion (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

2.4% (2019 est.) 4.24% (2018 est.) 5.14% (2017 est.)

$36,500 (2020 est.) $38,900 (2019 est.) $38,000 (2018 est.) note: data are in 2017 dollars

$889.9 million (31 December 2017 est.) $853 million (31 December 2016 est.)

43.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

7.64% (2019 est.) 8.25% (2018 est.)

total: 12.8% male: 11.5% female: 14.4% (2021 est.)

13.553 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 4.08 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 7.967 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.) from consumed natural gas: 1.506 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est.)

production: 3.175 million metric tons (2020 est.) consumption: 3.502 million metric tons (2020 est.) exports: 3,000 metric tons (2020 est.) imports: 335,000 metric tons (2020 est.) proven reserves: 371 million metric tons (2019 est.)

installed generating capacity: 4.062 million kW (2020 est.) consumption: 13.447 billion kWh (2020 est.) exports: 9.123 billion kWh (2020 est.) imports: 7.12 billion kWh (2020 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 848 million kWh (2020 est.)

electrification - total population: 100% (2020)

fossil fuels: 27.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) nuclear: 36.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) solar: 2.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) hydroelectricity: 32% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est.) biomass and waste: 1.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est.)

134.836 million Btu/person (2019 est.)

production: 4.899 million cubic meters (2020 est.) consumption: 904.439 million cubic meters (2020 est.) exports: 0 cubic meters (2020 est.) imports: 903.108 million cubic meters (2020 est.) proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est.)

total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 54,900 bbl/day (2019 est.) crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.) crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est.)

29,350 bbl/day (2017 est.)

93,060 bbl/day (2017 est.)

0 bbl/day (2017 est.)

particulate matter emissions: 15.81 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.) carbon dioxide emissions: 12.63 megatons (2016 est.) methane emissions: 2.1 megatons (2020 est.)

Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

air pollution from road traffic, domestic heating (wood buring), power generation, and industry; water pollution; biodiversity protection

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

agricultural land: 22.8% (2018 est.) arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 1.3% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 13.1% (2018 est.) forest: 62.3% (2018 est.) other: 14.9% (2018 est.)

Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

coal revenues: 0.03% of GDP (2018 est.)

forest revenues: 0.2% of GDP (2018 est.)

31.87 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

municipal: 169.5 million cubic meters (2017 est.) industrial: 758 million cubic meters (2017 est.) agricultural: 3.9 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

urban population: 56.1% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 926,000 tons (2015 est.) municipal solid waste recycled annually: 430,034 tons (2015 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 46.4% (2015 est.)

total: 20,273 sq km land: 20,151 sq km water: 122 sq km

slightly smaller than New Jersey

Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

46.6 km

highest point: Triglav 2,864 m lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m mean elevation: 492 m

46 07 N, 14 49 E

despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes

39 sq km (2020)

total: 1,211 km border countries (4): Austria 299 km; Croatia 600 km; Hungary 94 km; Italy 218 km

agricultural land: 22.8% (2018 est.) arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 1.3% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 13.1% (2018 est.) forest: 62.3% (2018 est.) other: 14.9% (2018 est.)

south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia

Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

Europe

territorial sea: 12 nm

flooding; earthquakes

lignite, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest exhibit less density than elsewhere

a short southwestern coastal strip of Karst topography on the Adriatic; an alpine mountain region lies adjacent to Italy and Austria in the north; mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east

200 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 12 urban municipalities (mestne obcine, singular - mestna obcina) municipalities: Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal ob Soci, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Store, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk urban municipalities: Celje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje

name: Ljubljana geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: likely related to the Slavic root "ljub", meaning "to like" or "to love"; by tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word "ljubljena" meaning "beloved"

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovenia; both parents if the child is born outside of Slovenia dual citizenship recognized: yes, for select cases residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years, the last 5 of which have been continuous

history: previous 1974 (preindependence); latest passed by Parliament 23 December 1991 amendments: proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members, by the government, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires participation of a majority of eligible voters and a simple majority of votes cast; amended several times, last in 2016

conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia conventional short form: Slovenia local long form: Republika Slovenija local short form: Slovenija former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia etymology: the country's name means "Land of the Slavs" in Slovene

chief of mission: Ambassador Jamie L. HARPOOTLIAN (since 17 February 2022) embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana mailing address: 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140 telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500 FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555 email address and website: LjubljanaACS@state.gov https://si.usembassy.gov/

chief of mission: Ambassador Tone KAJZER (since 23 December 2020) chancery: 2410 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 386-6601 FAX: [1] (202) 386-6633 email address and website: vwa@gov.si http://www.washington.embassy.si/index.php?id=51 L=1 consulate(s) general: Cleveland (OH)

chief of state: President Borut PAHOR (since 22 December 2012) head of government: Prime Minister Robert GOLOB (since 25 May 2022) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); election last held on 23 October with a runoff on 13 November 2022 (next election to be held in 2027); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually nominated prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly election results: 2022: Natasa PIRC MUSAR elected in second round: percent of vote in first round - Natasa PIRC MUSAR (independent) 26.9%, Anze LOGAR (SDS) 34%, Milan BRGLEZ (SD) 15.5%, Vladimir PREBILIC (independent) 10.6%, Sabina SENCAR (Resni.ca) 5.9%, Janez CIGLER KRALJ (NSi) 4.4%, Miha KORDIS (The Left) 2.8%; percent of vote in second round - Natasa PIRC MUSAR 53.9%, Anze LOGAR 46.1% 2017: Borut PAHOR is reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Borut PAHOR (independent) 47.1%, Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25%, Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7%, Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2%, other 7%; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR 52.9%, Marjan SAREC 47.1%; Robert GOLOB (GS) elected prime minister on 25 May 2022, National Assembly vote - 54-30 2012: Borut PAHOR elected president; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR (SD) 67.4%, Danilo TURK (independent) 32.6%; note - a snap election was held on 13 July 2014 following the resignation of Prime Minister Alenka BRATUSEK on 5 May 2014; Miro CERAR (SMC) elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - 57 to 11

three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, derive from the medieval coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, the prominent Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries) appears in the upper hoist side of the flag centered on the white and blue bands

parliamentary republic

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, and registry departments); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly upon the proposal of the Minister of Justice based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among its own membership for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms subordinate courts: county, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court

civil law system

description: bicameral Parliament consists of: National Council (State Council)or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve 5-year terms); note - the Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 2 directly elected in special constituencies for Italian and Hungarian minorities by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) elections: National Council - last held on 22 November 2017 (next to be held on 23 October 2022) National Assembly - last held on 24 April 2022 (next to be held in 2026) election results: National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 36, women 4, percent of women 10% National Assembly - percent of vote by party - GS 34.5%, SDS 23.5%, NSi 6.9%, SD 6.7%, Levica 4.4%, other 24%; seats by party - GS 41, SDS 27, NSi 8, SD 7, Levica 5; composition - men 54, women 36, percent of women 40%; note - total Parliament percent of women 30.8%

name: "Zdravljica" (A Toast) lyrics/music: France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL note: adopted in 1989 while still part of Yugoslavia; originally written in 1848; the full poem, whose seventh verse is used as the anthem, speaks of pan-Slavic nationalism

total World Heritage Sites: 5 (3 cultural, 2 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: kocjan Caves (n); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (n); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Heritage of Mercury: Almad n and Idrija (c); The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana (c)

Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)

Mount Triglav; national colors: white, blue, red

Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS [Ljubo JASNIC] Freedom Movement or GS [Robert GOLOB] (formerly Greens Actions Party or Z.DEJ) List of Marjan Sarec or LMS [Marjan SAREC] New Slovenia - Christian Democrats or NSi [Matej TONIN] Party of Alenka Bratusek or SAB [Alenka BRATUSEK] (formerly Alliance of Social Liberal Democrats or ZSD and before that Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB) Resni.ca [Zoran STEVANOVICH] Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA] (formerly the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDSS) Slovenian National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC Plemeniti] Social Democrats or SD [Tanja FAJON] The Left or Levica [Luka MESEC] (successor to United Left or ZL)

18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal

The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, the Slovenes joined the Serbs and Croats in forming a new multinational state, which was named Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia was one of the republics in the restored Yugoslavia, which, though communist, soon distanced itself from the Soviet Union and spearheaded the Non-Aligned Movement. Dissatisfied with the exercise of power by the majority Serbs, the Slovenes succeeded in establishing their independence in 1991 after a short 10-day war. Historical ties to Western Europe, a growing economy, and a stable democracy have assisted in Slovenia's postcommunist transition. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the euro zone and the Schengen Area in 2007.

Slovenia became a member of NATO in 2004; Hungary and Italy provide NATO's air policing mission for Slovenia s airspace (2022)

Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska, SV): structured as a combined force with air, land, maritime, special operations, combat support, and combat service support elements (2022)

approximately 6,000 active duty troops (2022)

200 Kosovo (NATO); 100 Slovakia (NATO) (2022) note: in response to Russia s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Slovenia, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe

the military's inventory is a mix of Soviet-era and smaller quantities of more modern Russian and Western equipment; since 2010, it has received limited amounts of military equipment from several countries led by France and Russia (2021)

1.2% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.2% of GDP (2021) 1% of GDP (2020) 1.1% of GDP (2019) (approximately $800 million) 1% of GDP (2018) (approximately $750 million)

18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription abolished in 2003 (2021) note: as of 2019, women comprised about 15% of the military's full-time personnel

0-14 years: 14.84% (male 160,134/female 151,960) 15-24 years: 9.01% (male 98,205/female 91,318) 25-54 years: 40.73% (male 449,930/female 406,395) 55-64 years: 14.19% (male 148,785/female 149,635) 65 years and over: 21.23% (male 192,420/female 253,896) (2020 est.)

total: 11.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 4.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 5.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

8.3 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)

NA

NA

8.5% of GDP (2019)

10.4 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)

total dependency ratio: 55.5 youth dependency ratio: 23.6 elderly dependency ratio: 31.9 potential support ratio: 3.1 (2021 est.)

improved: urban: NA total: 99.5% of population unimproved: urban: NA rural: NA total: 0.5% of population (2020 est.)

5.8% of GDP (2020 est.)

Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 est.)

(2021 est.) <0.1%

4.4 beds/1,000 population (2018)

total: 1.52 deaths/1,000 live births male: 1.63 deaths/1,000 live births female: 1.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est.)

Slovene (official) 87.7%, Croatian 2.8%, Serbo-Croatian 1.8%, Bosnian 1.6%, Serbian 1.6%, Hungarian 0.4% (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian national communities reside), Italian 0.2% (official, only in municipalities where Italian national communities reside), other or unspecified 3.9% (2002 est.) major-language sample(s): Svetovni informativni zvezek - neobhoden vir osnovnih informacij. (Slovene) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

total population: 81.82 years male: 78.96 years female: 84.79 years (2022 est.)

definition: NA total population: 99.7% male: 99.7% female: 99.7% (2015)

286,000 LJUBLJANA (capital) (2018)

7 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

total: 44.9 years male: 43.4 years female: 46.6 years (2020 est.)

29 years (2020 est.)

noun: Slovene(s) adjective: Slovenian

1.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)

20.2% (2016)

3.28 physicians/1,000 population (2019)

2,101,208 (2022 est.)

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest exhibit less density than elsewhere

-0.06% (2022 est.)

Catholic 57.8%, Muslim 2.4%, Orthodox 2.3%, other Christian 1%, unaffiliated 3.5%, no response or unspecified 22.8%, none 10.1% (2002 est.)

improved: urban: NA rural: NA total: 99% of population unimproved: urban: NA rural: NA total: 1% of population (2020 est.)

total: 18 years male: 17 years female: 18 years (2020)

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.12 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.61 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2022 est.)

total: 22% (2020 est.) male: 24.4% (2020 est.) female: 19.6% (2020 est.)

1.6 children born/woman (2022 est.)

urban population: 56.1% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

total: 12.8% male: 11.5% female: 14.4% (2021 est.)

Slovenia-Austria : none identified Slovenia-Croatia : since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Piran Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led Slovenia to lift its objections to Croatia joining the EU; in June 2017, the Permanent Court of Arbitration issued a ruling on the border, but Croatia had withdrawn from the proceedings in 2015 and refused to implement it; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovenia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia Slovenia-Hungary : none identified Slovenia-Italy : none identified

minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals

refugees (country of origin): 8,821 (Ukraine) (as of 20 December 2022) stateless persons: 10 (2020) note: 557,468 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-October 2022)

total: 16 (2021)

total: 9 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2021)

total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2021)

S5

total: 9 by type: other 9 (2021)

number of registered air carriers: 2 (2020) inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 21 annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,094,762 (2018) annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 540,000 (2018) mt-km

1,155 km gas, 5 km oil (2018)

major seaport(s): Koper

total: 1,229 km (2014) standard gauge: 1,229 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (503 km electrified)

total: 38,985 km (2012) paved: 38,985 km (2012) (includes 769 km of expressways)

710 km (2022) (some transport on the Drava River)