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Communications

Broadband - fixed subscriptions [time series]

total: 601,821 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2017 est.)

Broadcast media [time series]

public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 domestic commercial TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 60% of households are connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster operates 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations (2017)

Internet country code [time series]

.si

Internet users [time series]

total: 1,493,382 (July 2016 est.) | percent of population: 75.5% (July 2016 est.)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: well-developed telecommunications infrastructure (2016) | domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 155 telephones per 100 persons (2016) | international: country code - 386 (2016)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 717,235 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2017 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total subscriptions: 2,443,172 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 124 (2017 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

hops, wheat, coffee, corn, apples, pears; cattle, sheep, poultry

Budget [time series]

revenues: 21.07 billion (2017 est.) | expenditures: 21.06 billion (2017 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

0% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Central bank discount rate [time series]

0% (31 December 2017) | 0% (16 March 2016) | note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

2.59% (31 December 2017 est.) | 2.81% (31 December 2016 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

$3.475 billion (2017 est.) | $2.461 billion (2016 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$46.3 billion (31 January 2017 est.) | $48.2 billion (31 January 2016 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

24.4 (2016) | 24.5 (2015)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

With excellent infrastructure, a well-educated work force, and a strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe, Slovenia has one of the highest per capita GDPs in Central Europe, despite having suffered a protracted recession in the 2008-09 period in the wake of the global financial crisis. Slovenia became the first 2004 EU entrant to adopt the euro (on 1 January 2007) and has experienced a stable political and economic transition. In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. In 2007, Slovenia was invited to begin the process for joining the OECD; it became a member in 2012. From 2014 to 2016, export-led growth, fueled by demand in larger European markets, pushed annual GDP growth above 2.3%. Growth reached 5.0% in 2017 and is projected to near or reach 5% in 2018. What used to be stubbornly high unemployment fell below 5.5% in early 2018, driven by strong exports and increasing consumption that boosted labor demand. Continued fiscal consolidation through increased tax collection and social security contributions will likely result in a balanced government budget in 2019. Prime Minister Cerar’s government took office in September 2014, pledging to press ahead with commitments to privatize a select group of state-run companies, rationalize public spending, and further stabilize the banking sector. Efforts to privatize Slovenia’s largely state-owned banking sector have largely stalled, however, amid concerns about an ongoing dispute over Yugoslav-era foreign currency deposits.

Exchange rates [time series]

euros (EUR) per US dollar - | 0.885 (2017 est.) | 0.903 (2016 est.) | 0.9214 (2015 est.) | 0.885 (2014 est.) | 0.7634 (2013 est.)

Exports [time series]

$32.14 billion (2017 est.) | $27.65 billion (2016 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food

Exports - partners [time series]

Germany 18.9%, Italy 10.7%, Austria 7.4%, Croatia 7.1%, France 4.8%, Poland 4.2%, Hungary 4.2% (2017)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$48.87 billion (2017 est.) (2017 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$71.23 billion (2017 est.) | $67.84 billion (2016 est.) | $65.77 billion (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 52.6% (2017 est.) | government consumption: 18.2% (2017 est.) | investment in fixed capital: 18.4% (2017 est.) | investment in inventories: 1.1% (2017 est.) | exports of goods and services: 82.3% (2017 est.) | imports of goods and services: -72.6% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 1.8% (2017 est.) | industry: 32.2% (2017 est.) | services: 65.9% (2017 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$34,500 (2017 est.) | $32,900 (2016 est.) | $31,900 (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

5% (2017 est.) | 3.1% (2016 est.) | 2.3% (2015 est.)

Gross national saving [time series]

26.4% of GDP (2017 est.) | 24.2% of GDP (2016 est.) | 23.9% of GDP (2015 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 20.1% (2016) | highest 10%: 20.1% (2016)

Imports [time series]

$30.38 billion (2017 est.) | $25.95 billion (2016 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food

Imports - partners [time series]

Germany 16.5%, Italy 13.5%, Austria 9.3%, Turkey 5.8%, Croatia 4.8%, China 4.5% (2017)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

8.6% (2017 est.)

Industries [time series]

ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

1.4% (2017 est.) | -0.1% (2016 est.)

Labor force [time series]

959,000 (2017 est.)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 5.5% | industry: 31.2% | services: 63.3% (2017 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$6.328 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $5.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) | $5.94 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

13.9% (2016 est.)

Public debt [time series]

73.6% of GDP (2017 est.) | 78.6% of GDP (2016 est.) | note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$889.9 million (31 December 2017 est.) | $853 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$21.53 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $16.54 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$9.914 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $7.837 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$19.23 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $14.83 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$35.34 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $30.23 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$21.53 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $16.54 billion (31 December 2016 est.) | note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

43.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

6.6% (2017 est.) | 8% (2016 est.)

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

14.37 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - production [time series]

5 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity - consumption [time series]

13.4 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - exports [time series]

7.972 billion kWh (2017 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

37% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

34% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

20% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

9% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

8.359 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

3.536 million kW (2016 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

15.46 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity access [time series]

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

906.1 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - exports [time series]

2.832 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - imports [time series]

906.1 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - production [time series]

8 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

NA cu m (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

52,140 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

29,350 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

93,060 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 20,273 sq km | land: 20,151 sq km | water: 122 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than New Jersey

Climate [time series]

Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

Coastline [time series]

46.6 km

Elevation [time series]

mean elevation: 492 m | elevation extremes: 0 m lowest point: Adriatic Sea | 2864 highest point: Triglav

Environment - current issues [time series]

air pollution from road traffic, domestic heating (wood buring), power generation, and industry; water pollution; biodiversity protection

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

46 07 N, 14 49 E

Geography - note [time series]

despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes

Irrigated land [time series]

60 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,211 km | border countries (4): Austria 299 km, Croatia 600 km, Hungary 94 km, Italy 218 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 22.8% (2011 est.) | arable land: 8.4% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 1.3% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 13.1% (2011 est.) | forest: 62.3% (2011 est.) | other: 14.9% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

flooding; earthquakes

Natural resources [time series]

lignite, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests

Population distribution [time series]

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest exhibit less density than elsewhere

Terrain [time series]

a short southwestern coastal strip of Karst topography on the Adriatic; an alpine mountain region lies adjacent to Italy and Austria in the north; mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

201 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 11 urban municipalities (mestne obcine, singular - mestna obcina) municipalities: Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Krsko, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica,; Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sevnica, Sezana, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Salovci, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sostanj, Store, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk; urban municipalities: Celje, Koper-Capodistria, Kranj, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje

Capital [time series]

name: Ljubljana | geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Citizenship [time series]

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovenia; both parents if the child is born outside of Slovenia | dual citizenship recognized: yes, for select cases | residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years, the last 5 of which have been continuous

Constitution [time series]

history: previous 1974 (preindependence); latest passed by Parliament 23 December 1991 (2016) | amendments: proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members, by the government, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires participation of a majority of eligible voters and a simple majority of votes cast; amended several times, last in 2015 (2016)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia | conventional short form: Slovenia | local long form: Republika Slovenija | local short form: Slovenija | former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia | etymology: related to the Slavic autonym (self-designation) "Slovenin," a derivation from "slovo" (word), denoting "people who speak (the same language)" (i.e., people who understand each other)

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Guatam RANA (since July 2018) | embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana | mailing address: American Embassy Ljubljana, US Department of State, 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140 | telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500 | FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Stanislav VIDOVIC (since 21 July 2017) | chancery: 2410 California Street N.W., Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 386-6601 | FAX: [1] (202) 386-6633 | consulate(s) general: Cleveland (OH)

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Borut PAHOR (since 22 December 2012) | head of government: Prime Minister Marjan SAREC (since 13 September 2018); note - Miro CERAR resigned on 14 March 2018; an early parliamentary election was held on 3 June 2018, but President PAHOR did not nominate a new prime minister because no party had majority support in the parliament; parliament nominated and then approved Marjan SAREC as prime minister-designate on 17 August 2018 | cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 22 October with a runoff on 12 November 2017 (next election to be held by November 2022); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually nominated prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly | election results: Borut PAHOR is reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Borut PAHOR (independent) 47.1%, Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25%, Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7%, Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2%, other 7%; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR 52.9%, Marjan SAREC 47.1%; Marjan SAREC (LMS) elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - 55-31

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, derive from the medieval coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, the prominent Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries) appears in the upper hoist side of the flag centered on the white and blue bands

Government type [time series]

parliamentary republic

Independence [time series]

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch [time series]

highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, and registry departments); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly upon the proposal of the Minister of Justice based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among its own membership for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms | subordinate courts: county, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court

Legal system [time series]

civil law system

Legislative branch [time series]

description: bicameral Parliament consists of: National Council or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve 5-year terms); note - the Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 88 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 2 directly elected in special constituencies for Italian and Hungarian minorities by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms) | elections: National Council - last held on 22 November 2017 (next to be held in 2022) National Assembly - last held on 3 June 2018 (next to be held in 2022) | election results: National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; composition - men 36, women 4, percent of women 10% National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SDS 24.9%, LMS 12.7%, SD 9.9%, SMC 9.8%, Levica 9.3%, NSi 7.1%, Stranka AB 5.1%, DeSUS 4.9%, SNS 4.2%, other 12.1%; seats by party - SDS 25, LMS 13, SD 10, SMC 10, Levica 9, NSi 7, Stranka AB 5, DeSUS 5, SNS 4, Italian and Hungarian minorities 2; composition - men 68, women 22, percent of women 24.4%; note - total Parliament percent of women 20%

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Zdravljica" (A Toast) | lyrics/music: France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL | note: adopted in 1989 while still part of Yugoslavia; originally written in 1848; the full poem, whose seventh verse is used as the anthem, speaks of pan-Slavic nationalism

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)

National symbol(s) [time series]

Mount Triglav; national colors: white, blue, red

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS [Karl ERJAVEC] List of Marjan Sarec or LMS [Marjan SAREC] Modern Center Party or SMC [Miro CERAR] New Slovenia or NSi [Matej TONIN] Party of Alenka Bratusek or Stranka AB [Alenka BRATUSEK] (formerly Alliance of Social Liberal Democrats or ZSD and before that Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB) Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA] Slovenian National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC Plemeniti] Social Democrats or SD [Dejan ZIDAN] The Left or Levica [Luka MESEC] (successor to United Left or ZL)

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, the Slovenes joined the Serbs and Croats in forming a new multinational state, which was named Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia became a republic of the renewed Yugoslavia, which though communist, distanced itself from Moscow's rule. Dissatisfied with the exercise of power by the majority Serbs, the Slovenes succeeded in establishing their independence in 1991 after a short 10-day war. Historical ties to Western Europe, a strong economy, and a stable democracy have assisted in Slovenia's transformation to a modern state. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the euro zone and the Schengen zone in 2007.

Military and Security

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska, SV): Forces Command (with ground units, naval element, air and air defense brigade); Administration for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief (ACPDR) (2013)

Military expenditures [time series]

0.98% of GDP (2017) | 0.92% of GDP (2016) | 0.94% of GDP (2015) | 0.98% of GDP (2014) | 1.06% of GDP (2013)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2003 (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 14.8% (male 159,700 /female 151,351) | 15-24 years: 9.1% (male 98,856 /female 92,407) | 25-54 years: 41.71% (male 458,826 /female 417,875) | 55-64 years: 14.26% (male 149,714 /female 150,045) | 65 years and over: 20.14% (male 180,080 /female 243,272) (2018 est.) | population pyramid: The World Factbook Field Image Modal × Europe :: Slovenia Print Image Description This is the population pyramid for Slovenia. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Birth rate [time series]

9.2 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Death rate [time series]

9.9 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 48.7 (2015 est.) | youth dependency ratio: 21.9 (2015 est.) | elderly dependency ratio: 26.8 (2015 est.) | potential support ratio: 3.7 (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

5.3% of GDP (2014)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

<.1% (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

<100 (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

<1000 (2017 est.)

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

9.2% of GDP (2014)

Hospital bed density [time series]

4.6 beds/1,000 population (2013)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 1.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) | male: 1.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) | female: 1.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages [time series]

Slovenian (official) 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4%, Italian (official, only in municipalities where Italian national communities reside), Hungarian (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian national communities reside) (2002 census)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 81.2 years (2018 est.) | male: 78.3 years (2018 est.) | female: 84.2 years (2018 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: NA (2015 est.) | total population: 99.7% (2015 est.) | male: 99.7% (2015 est.) | female: 99.7% (2015 est.)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

286,000 LJUBLJANA (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

9 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median age [time series]

total: 44.2 years | male: 42.7 years | female: 46 years (2018 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

29.1 years (2014 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Slovene(s) | adjective: Slovenian

Net migration rate [time series]

0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

20.2% (2016)

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

2.82 physicians/1,000 population (2015)

Population [time series]

2,102,126 (July 2018 est.)

Population distribution [time series]

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest exhibit less density than elsewhere

Population growth rate [time series]

0.03% (2018 est.)

Religions [time series]

Catholic 57.8%, Muslim 2.4%, Orthodox 2.3%, other Christian 0.9%, unaffiliated 3.5%, other or unspecified 23%, none 10.1% (2002 census)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 99.1% of population (2015 est.) | rural: 99.1% of population (2015 est.) | total: 99.1% of population (2015 est.) | unimproved: urban: 0.9% of population (2015 est.) | rural: 0.9% of population (2015 est.) | total: 0.9% of population (2015 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 17 years (2014) | male: 17 years (2014) | female: 18 years (2014)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 55-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.58 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 15.2% (2016 est.) | male: 15.6% (2016 est.) | female: 14.7% (2016 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 54.5% of total population (2018) | rate of urbanization: 0.56% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Piranski Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led Slovenia to lift its objections to Croatia joining the EUas a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovenia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia; Slovenia continues to impose a hard border Schengen regime with Croatia, which joined the EU in 2013 but has not yet fulfilled Schengen requirements

Illicit drugs [time series]

minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

note: estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015-December 2016); migration through the Western Balkans has decreased significantly since March 2016; Slovenia is predominantly a transit country and hosts approximately 300 asylum seekers as of the end of June 2018

Transportation

Airports [time series]

16 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 7 (2013) | over 3,047 m: 1 (2013) | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2013) | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2013) | 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2013) | under 914 m: 1 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 9 (2013) | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2013) | 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2013) | under 914 m: 5 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]

S5 (2016)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 7 (2017) | by type: other 7 (2017)

National air transport system [time series]

number of registered air carriers: 2 (2015) | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 35 (2015) | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,130,637 (2015) | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 1,349,442 mt-km (2015)

Pipelines [time series]

1155 km gas, 5 km oil (2017)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

major seaport(s): Koper

Railways [time series]

total: 1,229 km (2014) | standard gauge: 1,229 km 1.435-m gauge (503 km electrified) (2014)

Roadways [time series]

total: 38,985 km (2012) | paved: 38,985 km (includes 769 km of expressways) (2012)

Waterways [time series]

(some transport on the Drava River) (2012)