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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

the publicly owned French Overseas Network (RFO), which operates in France's overseas departments and territories, broadcasts over the RFO Nouvelle-Calédonie TV and radio stations; a small number of privately owned radio stations also broadcast

Internet country code [time series]

.nc

Internet users [time series]

total: 201,000 | percent of population: 74% (July 2016 est.)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: well advanced telecoms sector; 4G network services (2018) | domestic: fixed-line 34 per 100 and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership 91 per 100 persons (2018) | international: country code - 687; landing points for the Gondwana-1 and Picot-1 providing connectivity via submarine cables around New Caledonia and to Australia; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2019)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 92,000 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 34 (July 2016 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total subscriptions: 246,000 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 91 (July 2016 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

vegetables; beef, venison, other livestock products; fish

Budget [time series]

revenues: 1.995 billion (2015 est.) | expenditures: 1.993 billion (2015 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

0% (of GDP) (2015 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

-$1.469 billion (2014 est.) | -$1.861 billion (2013 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$112 million (31 December 2013 est.) | $79 million (31 December 1998 est.)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

New Caledonia has 11% of the world's nickel reserves, representing the second largest reserves on the planet. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, substantial financial support from France - equal to more than 15% of GDP - and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. With the gradual increase in the production of two new nickel plants in 2015, average production of metallurgical goods stood at a record level of 94 thousand tons. However, the sector is exposed to the high volatility of nickel prices, which have been in decline since 2016. In 2017, one of the three major mining firms on the island, Vale, put its operations up for sale, triggering concerns of layoffs ahead of the 2018 independence referendum.

Exchange rates [time series]

Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - | 110.2 (2017 est.) | 107.84 (2016 est.) | 107.84 (2015 est.) | 89.85 (2013 est.) | 90.56 (2012 est.)

Exports [time series]

$2.207 billion (2014 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

ferronickels, nickel ore, fish

Exports - partners [time series]

China 25.4%, Japan 16.6%, South Korea 14.8%, France 8.2%, Belgium 5%, US 4.6% (2017)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$9.77 billion (2017 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$11.11 billion (2017 est.) | $10.89 billion (2016 est.) | $10.77 billion (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2015 dollars

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 64.3% (2017 est.) | government consumption: 24% (2017 est.) | investment in fixed capital: 38.4% (2017 est.) | investment in inventories: 0% (2017 est.) | exports of goods and services: 18.7% (2017 est.) | imports of goods and services: -45.5% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 1.4% (2017 est.) | industry: 26.4% (2017 est.) | services: 72.1% (2017 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$31,100 (2015 est.) | $32,100 (2014 est.) | $29,800 (2012 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

2% (2017 est.) | 1.1% (2016 est.) | 3.2% (2015 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: NA | highest 10%: NA

Imports [time series]

$2.715 billion (2015 est.) | $4.4 billion (2014 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs

Imports - partners [time series]

France 24.2%, Singapore 13.1%, China 9.2%, Australia 7.1%, South Korea 5.2%, Malaysia 4.7%, NZ 4.4%, US 4.4% (2017)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

3.5% (2017 est.)

Industries [time series]

nickel mining and smelting

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

1.4% (2017 est.) | 0.6% (2016 est.)

Labor force [time series]

119,500 (2016 est.)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 2.7% | industry: 22.4% | services: 74.9% (2010)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

Population below poverty line [time series]

17% (2008)

Public debt [time series]

6.5% of GDP (2015 est.) | 6.5% of GDP (2014 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$658.2 million (2015 est.) | $593.8 million (2014 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$16.43 billion (2015 est.) | $14.55 billion (2014 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$9.522 billion (2015 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

20.4% (of GDP) (2015 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

14.7% (2014) | 14% (2009)

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

6.165 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2018 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity - consumption [time series]

2.739 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

87% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

8% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

6% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

996,200 kW (2016 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

2.945 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity access [time series]

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

20,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

19,100 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 18,575 sq km | land: 18,275 sq km | water: 300 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than New Jersey

Climate [time series]

tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid

Coastline [time series]

2,254 km

Elevation [time series]

lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m | highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

preservation of coral reefs; prevention of invasive species; limiting erosion caused by nickel mining and forest fires

Geographic coordinates [time series]

21 30 S, 165 30 E

Geography - note [time series]

consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls

Irrigated land [time series]

100 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries [time series]

0 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 10.4% (2011 est.) | arable land: 0.4% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 0.2% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 9.8% (2011 est.) | forest: 45.9% (2011 est.) | other: 43.7% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia

Map references [time series]

Oceania

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm | exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

cyclones, most frequent from November to March volcanism: Matthew and Hunter Islands are historically active

Natural resources [time series]

nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper

Population distribution [time series]

most of the populace lives in the southern part of the main island, in and around the capital of Noumea

Terrain [time series]

coastal plains with interior mountains

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

3 provinces; Province Iles (Islands Province), Province Nord (North Province), and Province Sud (South Province)

Capital [time series]

name: Noumea | geographic coordinates: 22 16 S, 166 27 E | time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship [time series]

see France

Constitution [time series]

history: 4 October 1958 (French Constitution with changes as reflected in the Noumea Accord of 5 May 1998) | amendments: French constitution amendment procedures apply

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies | conventional short form: New Caledonia | local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances | local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie | etymology: British explorer Captain James COOK discovered and named New Caledonia in 1774; he used the appellation because the northeast of the island reminded him of Scotland (Caledonia is the Latin designation for Scotland)

Dependency status [time series]

special collectivity (or a sui generis collectivity) of France since 1998; note - an independence referendum took place on 4 November 2018 with a majority voting to reject independence in favor of maintaining the status quo; two additional referenda, still unsceheduled, may occur in 2020 and 2022

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

none (overseas territory of France)

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

none (overseas territory of France)

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by High Commissioner Laurent PREVOST (since 5 August 2019) | head of government: President of the Government Thierry SANTA (since 9 July 2019); Temporary Vice President Gilbert TUIENON (since 9 July 2019); note - Temporary Vice President Gilbert TUIENON was elected so that the new government could take over; Philippe GERMAIN' s government remained caretaker government until the new government was settled | cabinet: Cabinet elected from and by the Territorial Congress | elections/appointments: French president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of New Caledonia elected by Territorial Congress for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 13 June 2017 (next to be held in 2022) | election results: Thierry SANTA elected president by Territorial Congress with 6 votes out of 11

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

New Caledonia has two official flags; alongside the flag of France, the Kanak (indigenous Melanesian) flag has equal status; the latter consists of three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a large yellow disk - diameter two-thirds the height of the flag - shifted slightly to the hoist side is edged in black and displays a black fleche faitiere symbol, a native rooftop adornment

Government type [time series]

parliamentary democracy (Territorial Congress); an overseas collectivity of France

Independence [time series]

none (overseas collectivity of France); note - in an independence referendum on 4 November 2018, the majority voted to reject independence in favor of maintaining the status quo

International organization participation [time series]

ITUC (NGOs), PIF (associate member), SPC, UPU, WFTU (NGOs), WMO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest courts: Court of Appeal in Noumea or Cour d'Appel; organized into civil, commercial, social, and pre-trial investigation chambers; court bench normally includes the court president and 2 counselors); Administrative Court (number of judges NA); note - final appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (in Paris); final appeals beyond the Administrative Court are referred to the Administrative Court of Appeal (in Paris) | judge selection and term of office: judge appointment and tenure based on France's judicial system | subordinate courts: Courts of First Instance include: civil, juvenile, commercial, labor, police, criminal, assizes, and also a pre-trial investigation chamber; Joint Commerce Tribunal; administrative courts

Legal system [time series]

civil law system based on French civil law

Legislative branch [time series]

description: unicameral Territorial Congress or Congrès du Territoire (54 seats; members indirectly selected proportionally by the partisan makeup of the 3 Provincial Assemblies or Assemblés Provinciales; members of the 3 Provincial Assemblies directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); note - the Customary Senate is the assembly of the various traditional councils of the Kanaks, the indigenous population, which rules on laws affecting the indigenous population New Caledonia indirectly elects 2 members to the French Senate by an electoral colleges for a 6-year term with one seat renewed every 3 years and directly elects 2 members to the French National Assembly by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term | elections: Territorial Congress - last held on 12 May 2019 (next to be held in May 2024) French Senate - election last held on 24 September 2017 (next to be held not later than 2019) French National Assembly - election last held on 11 and 18 June 2017 (next to be held by June 2022) | election results: Territorial Congress - percent of vote by party - N/A; seats by party -Future With Confidence 18, UNI 9, UC 9, CE 7, FLNKS 6, Oceanic Awakening 3, PT 1, LKS 1 (Anti-Independence 28, Pro-Independence 26); composition - men 30, women 24, percent of women 44.4% French Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2 French National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CE 2

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Soyons unis, devenons freres" (Let Us Be United, Let Us Become Brothers) | lyrics/music: Chorale Melodia (a local choir) | note: adopted 2008; contains a mixture of lyrics in both French and Nengone (an indigenous language); as a self-governing territory of France, in addition to the local anthem, "La Marseillaise" is official (see France)

National holiday [time series]

Fete de la Federation, 14 July (1790); note - the local holiday is New Caledonia Day, 24 September (1853)

National symbol(s) [time series]

fleche faitiere (native rooftop adornment), kagu bird; national colors: gray, red

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Build Our Rainbow Nation Caledonia Together or CE [Philippe GERMAIN] Caledonian Union or UC [Daniel GOA] Future Together (l'Avenir Ensemble) [Harold MARTIN] Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS (alliance includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM) [Victor TUTUGORO] Labor Party (Parti Travailliste) or PT [Louis Kotra UREGEI] National Union for Independence (Union Nationale pour l'Independance) or UNI Party of Kanak Liberation (Parti de Liberation Kanak) or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE] Socialist Kanak Liberation or LKS [Nidoish NAISSELINE] The Republicans (formerly The Rally or UMP) [interim leader Thierry SANTA] Union for Caledonia in France

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island became a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s ended in the 1998 Noumea Accord, which over two decades transferred an increasing amount of governing responsibility from France to New Caledonia. In a referendum held in November 2018, residents rejected independence and decided to retain their territorial status, although two additional referendums may occur in 2020 and 2022, per the Noumea Accord.

Military and Security

Military - note [time series]

defense is the responsibility of France

Military and security forces [time series]

no regular military forces; France bases land, air, and naval forces on New Caledonia (Forces Armées de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, FANC) (2019)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 22.19% (male 32,057 /female 30,675) | 15-24 years: 16.16% (male 23,355 /female 22,349) | 25-54 years: 43.66% (male 62,227 /female 61,215) | 55-64 years: 8.57% (male 11,713 /female 12,530) | 65 years and over: 9.42% (male 11,790 /female 14,843) (2018 est.) | population pyramid: The World Factbook Field Image Modal × Australia - Oceania :: New Caledonia Print Image Description This is the population pyramid for New Caledonia. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Birth rate [time series]

14.8 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Death rate [time series]

5.7 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 48.3 (2015 est.) | youth dependency ratio: 33.9 (2015 est.) | elderly dependency ratio: 14.4 (2015 est.) | potential support ratio: 6.9 (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

Ethnic groups [time series]

Kanak 39.1%, European 27.1%, Wallisian, Futunian 8.2%, Tahitian 2.1%, Indonesian 1.4%, Ni-Vanuatu 1%, Vietnamese 0.9%, other 17.7%, unspecified 2.5% (2014 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 5.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) | male: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 4.2 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages [time series]

French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 78 years (2018 est.) | male: 74.1 years | female: 82.2 years

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 96.9% | male: 97.3% | female: 96.5% (2015)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

note: active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus

Major urban areas - population [time series]

198,000 NOUMEA (capital) (2018)

Median age [time series]

total: 32.3 years (2018 est.) | male: 31.5 years | female: 33 years

Nationality [time series]

noun: New Caledonian(s) | adjective: New Caledonian

Net migration rate [time series]

3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) | note: there has been steady emigration from Wallis and Futuna to New Caledonia

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

2.22 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

Population [time series]

282,754 (July 2018 est.)

Population distribution [time series]

most of the populace lives in the southern part of the main island, in and around the capital of Noumea

Population growth rate [time series]

1.3% (2018 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%

Sanitation facility access [time series]

Sex ratio [time series]

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.92 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 38.4% | male: 37.1% | female: 40% (2014 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 71.1% of total population (2019) | rate of urbanization: 1.89% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu

Transportation

Airports [time series]

25 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 12 (2017) | over 3,047 m: 1 (2017) | 914 to 1,523 m: 10 (2017) | under 914 m: 1 (2017)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 13 (2013) | 914 to 1,523 m: 5 (2013) | under 914 m: 8 (2013)

Heliports [time series]

8 (2013)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 10 | by type: general cargo 2, other 8 (2018)

National air transport system [time series]

number of registered air carriers: 2 (registered in France) (2015) | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 10 (registered in France) (2015)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

major seaport(s): Noumea

Roadways [time series]

total: 5,622 km (2006)