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Communications

Broadband - fixed subscriptions [time series]

total: 258,013 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2017 est.)

Broadcast media [time series]

state-funded public TV broadcaster KTRK has nationwide coverage; also operates Ala-Too 24 news channel which broadcasts 24/7; ELTR is a state-owned station with national reach; the switchover to digital TV in 2017 resulted in private TV station growth; approximately 20 stations primarily rebroadcast programs from Russian channels; 3 Russian TV stations also broadcast; 1 state-funded radio station and about 10 significant private radio stations (2018)

Internet country code [time series]

.kg

Internet users [time series]

total: 1,976,006 (July 2016 est.) | percent of population: 34.5% (July 2016 est.)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: digital radio-relay stations, and fiber-optic links; low fixed-line and fixed-broadband penetration and low to moderate mobile broadband penetration; international connectivity continues to grow; 4 mobile networks in operation; 4G networks cover over 50% of the nation, eventually 5G networks will be available (2016) | domestic: fixed-line penetration 6 per 100 persons remains low and concentrated in urban areas; mobile-cellular subscribership up to over 127 per 100 persons (2016) | international: country code - 996; connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intersputnik, 1 Intelsat); connected internationally by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line (2016)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 362,288 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6 (2017 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total subscriptions: 7,369,927 (2017 est.) | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 127 (2017 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle, wool

Budget [time series]

revenues: 2.169 billion (2017 est.) | expenditures: 2.409 billion (2017 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Central bank discount rate [time series]

5% (31 December 2016) | 8% (31 December 2015)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

18.49% (31 December 2017 est.) | 22.23% (31 December 2016 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

-$306 million (2017 est.) | -$792 million (2016 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$8.164 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $8.182 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

33.4 (2007) | 29 (2001)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked, mountainous, lower middle income country with an economy dominated by minerals extraction, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. Cotton, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only cotton is exported in any quantity. Other exports include gold, mercury, uranium, natural gas, and - in some years - electricity. The country has sought to attract foreign investment to expand its export base, including construction of hydroelectric dams, but a difficult investment climate and an ongoing legal battle with a Canadian firm over the joint ownership structure of the nation’s largest gold mine deter potential investors. Remittances from Kyrgyz migrant workers, predominantly in Russia and Kazakhstan, are equivalent to more than one-quarter of Kyrgyzstan’s GDP. Following independence, Kyrgyzstan rapidly implemented market reforms, such as improving the regulatory system and instituting land reform. In 1998, Kyrgyzstan was the first Commonwealth of Independent States country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization. The government has privatized much of its ownership shares in public enterprises. Despite these reforms, the country suffered a severe drop in production in the early 1990s and has again faced slow growth in recent years as the global financial crisis and declining oil prices have dampened economies across Central Asia. The Kyrgyz government remains dependent on foreign donor support to finance its annual budget deficit of approximately 3 to 5% of GDP. Kyrgyz leaders hope the country’s August 2015 accession to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) will bolster trade and investment, but slowing economies in Russia and China and low commodity prices continue to hamper economic growth. Large-scale trade and investment pledged by Kyrgyz leaders has been slow to develop. Many Kyrgyz entrepreneurs and politicians complain that non-tariff measures imposed by other EAEU member states are hurting certain sectors of the Kyrgyz economy, such as meat and dairy production, in which they have comparative advantage. Since acceding to the EAEU, the Kyrgyz Republic has continued harmonizing its laws and regulations to meet EAEU standards, though many local entrepreneurs believe this process as disjointed and incomplete. Kyrgyzstan’s economic development continues to be hampered by corruption, lack of administrative transparency, lack of diversity in domestic industries, and difficulty attracting foreign aid and investment.

Exchange rates [time series]

soms (KGS) per US dollar - | 68.35 (2017 est.) | 69.914 (2016 est.) | 69.914 (2015 est.) | 64.462 (2014 est.) | 53.654 (2013 est.)

Exports [time series]

$1.84 billion (2017 est.) | $1.544 billion (2016 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

gold, cotton, wool, garments, meat; mercury, uranium, electricity; machinery; shoes

Exports - partners [time series]

Switzerland 59.1%, Uzbekistan 9.4%, Kazakhstan 5.1%, Russia 4.9%, UK 4% (2017)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$7.565 billion (2017 est.) (2017 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$23.15 billion (2017 est.) | $22.14 billion (2016 est.) | $21.22 billion (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 85.4% (2017 est.) | government consumption: 18.9% (2017 est.) | investment in fixed capital: 33.2% (2017 est.) | investment in inventories: 1.8% (2017 est.) | exports of goods and services: 39.7% (2017 est.) | imports of goods and services: -79% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 14.6% (2017 est.) | industry: 31.2% (2017 est.) | services: 54.2% (2017 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$3,700 (2017 est.) | $3,600 (2016 est.) | $3,500 (2015 est.) | note: data are in 2017 dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

4.6% (2017 est.) | 4.3% (2016 est.) | 3.9% (2015 est.)

Gross national saving [time series]

27.3% of GDP (2017 est.) | 20.1% of GDP (2016 est.) | 18.3% of GDP (2015 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 22.9% (2014 est.) | highest 10%: 22.9% (2014 est.)

Imports [time series]

$4.187 billion (2017 est.) | $3.709 billion (2016 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

oil and gas, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs

Imports - partners [time series]

China 32.6%, Russia 24.8%, Kazakhstan 16.4%, Turkey 4.8%, US 4.2% (2017)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

10.9% (2017 est.)

Industries [time series]

small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, lumber, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

3.2% (2017 est.) | 0.4% (2016 est.)

Labor force [time series]

2.841 million (2017 est.)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 48% | industry: 12.5% | services: 39.5% (2005 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$165 million (31 December 2012 est.) | $165 million (31 December 2011 est.) | $79 million (31 December 2010 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

32.1% (2015 est.)

Public debt [time series]

56% of GDP (2017 est.) | 55.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$2.177 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $1.97 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$1.698 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $1.411 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$709.3 million (31 December 2017 est.) | $655.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$6.003 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $5.21 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$1.856 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $1.444 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$1.698 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $1.411 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

28.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

7.1% (2017 est.) | 7.2% (2016 est.)

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

10.02 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - imports [time series]

4,480 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Crude oil - production [time series]

1,000 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

40 million bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity - consumption [time series]

10.52 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - exports [time series]

184 million kWh (2015 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

24% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

76% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

331 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

4.046 million kW (2016 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

13.04 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity access [time series]

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

186.9 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - imports [time series]

169.9 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - production [time series]

28.32 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

37,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

2,290 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

34,280 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

6,996 bbl/day (2015 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 199,951 sq km | land: 191,801 sq km | water: 8,150 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than South Dakota

Climate [time series]

dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation [time series]

mean elevation: 2,988 m | elevation extremes: 132 m lowest point: Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) | 7439 highest point: Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy)

Environment - current issues [time series]

water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices; air pollution due to rapid increase of traffic

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

41 00 N, 75 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range; 94% of the country is 1,000 m above sea level with an average elevation of 2,750 m; many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes

Irrigated land [time series]

10,233 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 4,573 km | border countries (4): China 1063 km, Kazakhstan 1212 km, Tajikistan 984 km, Uzbekistan 1314 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 55.4% (2011 est.) | arable land: 6.7% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 0.4% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 48.3% (2011 est.) | forest: 5.1% (2011 est.) | other: 39.5% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Central Asia, west of China, south of Kazakhstan

Map references [time series]

Asia

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

major flooding during snow melt; prone to earthquakes

Natural resources [time series]

abundant hydropower; gold, rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc

Population distribution [time series]

the vast majority of Kyrgyzstanis live in rural areas; densest population settlement is to the north in and around the capital, Bishkek, followed by Osh in the west; the least densely populated area is the east, southeast in the Tien Shan mountains

Terrain [time series]

peaks of the Tien Shan mountain range and associated valleys and basins encompass the entire country

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

7 provinces (oblustar, singular - oblus) and 2 cities* (shaarlar, singular - shaar); Batken Oblusu, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblusu (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblusu, Naryn Oblusu, Osh Oblusu, Osh Shaary*, Talas Oblusu, Ysyk-Kol Oblusu (Karakol) | note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)

Capital [time series]

name: Bishkek | geographic coordinates: 42 52 N, 74 36 E | time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship [time series]

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Kyrgyzstan | dual citizenship recognized: yes, but only if a mutual treaty on dual citizenship is in force | residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Constitution [time series]

history: previous 1993; latest adopted by referendum 27 June 2010, effective 2 July 2010; note - constitutional amendments that bolstered some presidential powers and transferred others from the president to the prime minister passed in a referendum in December 2016, effective December 2017 (2018) | amendments: proposed as a draft law by the majority of the Supreme Council membership or by petition of 300,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Council membership in each of at least three readings of the draft two months apart; the draft may be submitted to a referendum if approved by two-thirds of the Council membership; adoption requires the signature of the president; amended 2017 (2018)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Kyrgyz Republic | conventional short form: Kyrgyzstan | local long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasy | local short form: Kyrgyzstan | former: Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic | etymology: a combination of the Turkic words "kyrg" (forty) and "-yz" (tribes) with the Persian suffix "-stan" (country) creating the meaning "Land of the Forty Tribes"; the name refers to the forty clans united by the legendary Kyrgyz hero, MANAS

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Alan MELTZER (since 4 August 2017) | embassy: 171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016 | mailing address: use embassy street address | telephone: [996] (312) 597-000 | FAX: [996] (312) 597-744

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Kadyr TOKTOGULOV (since 23 February 2015) | chancery: 2360 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 449-9822 | FAX: [1] (202) 449-8275 | honorary consulate(s): Maple Valley (WA)

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Sooronbay JEENBEKOV (since 24 November 2017) | head of government: Prime Minister Mukhammedkalyy ABYLGAZIEV (since 20 April 2018); First Deputy Prime Minister Kubatbek BORONOV (since 20 April 2018); Deputy Prime Minister Jengish RAZAKOV (since 20 April 2018); Deputy Prime Minister Altynay OMURBEKOVA (since 20 April 2018); Deputy Prime Minister Zamirbek ASKAROV (since 20 April 2018) | cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president upon approval by the Supreme Council; defense and security committee chairs appointed by the president | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single 6-year term; election last held on 15 October 2017 (next to be held in October 2023); prime minister nominated by the majority party or majority coalition in the Supreme Council, appointed by the president upon approval by the Supreme Council | election results: Sooronbay JEENBEKOV elected president in first round; percent of vote - Sooronbay JEENBEKOV (SDPK) 54.2%, Omurbek BABANOV (Respublika) 33.5%, Adakhan MADUMAROV (Butun Kyrgyzstan) 6.6%, Temir SARIYEV (Akshumar) 2.5%, other 3.2%; note - Sapar ISAKOV elected prime minister; Supreme Council vote - 97 to 5

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of a "tunduk" - the crown of a traditional Kyrgyz yurt; red symbolizes bravery and valor, the sun evinces peace and wealth

Government type [time series]

parliamentary republic

Independence [time series]

31 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation [time series]

ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest courts: Supreme Court (consists of 25 judges); Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (consists of the chairperson, deputy chairperson, and 9 judges) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president; Supreme Court judges serve for 10 years, Constitutional Court judges serve for 15 years; mandatory retirement at age 70 for judges of both courts | subordinate courts: Higher Court of Arbitration; oblast (provincial) and city courts

Legal system [time series]

civil law system, which includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws

Legislative branch [time series]

description: unicameral Supreme Council or Jogorku Kenesh (120 seats; parties directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by closed party-list proportional representation vote; members selected from party lists to serve 5-year terms) | elections: last held on 4 October 2015 (next to be held in 2020) | election results: percent of vote by party - SDPK 27.4%, Respublika-Ata-Jurt 20.1%, Kyrgyzstan Party 12.9%, Onuguu-Progress 9.3%, Bir Bol 8.5%, Ata-Meken 7.7%, other 14.1%; seats by party - SDPK 38, Respublika-Ata-Jurt 28, Kyrgyzstan Party 18, Onuguu-Progress 13, Bir Bol 12, Ata-Meken 11; composition - men 97, women 23, percent of women 19.2%

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni" (National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic) | lyrics/music: Djamil SADYKOV and Eshmambet KULUEV/Nasyr DAVLESOV and Kalyi MOLDOBASANOV | note: adopted 1992

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 31 August (1991)

National symbol(s) [time series]

white falcon; national colors: red, yellow

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Ata-Jurt (Homeland) [Kamchybek TASHIEV] Ata-Meken (Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAEV] Bir Bol (Stay United) [Altynbek SULAIMANOV] Butun Kyrgyzstan (United Kyrgyzstan) [Adakhan MADUMAROV] Kyrgyzstan Party [Almazbek BAATYRBEKOV] Onuguu-Progress [Bakyt TOROBAEV] Respublika (Republic) [Ruslan KAZAKBAEV] Respublika-Ata-Jurt (Republic-Homeland) [Ruslan KAZAKBAEV] (parliamentary faction) Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan or SDPK [Almazbek ATAMBAEV]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, most of the territory of the present-day Kyrgyz Republic was formally annexed to the Russian Empire in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916 in which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. The Kyrgyz Republic became a Soviet republic in 1936 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in 2005 and 2010 resulted in the ouster of the country’s first two presidents, Askar AKAEV and Kurmanbek BAKIEV. Interim President Rosa OTUNBAEVA led a transitional government and following a nation-wide election, President Almazbek ATAMBAEV was sworn in as president in 2011. In 2017, ATAMBAEV became the first Kyrgyz president to step down after serving one full six-year term as required in the country’s constitution. Former prime minister and ruling Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan member Sooronbai JEENBEKOV replaced him after winning an October 2017 presidential election that was the most competitive in the country’s history, although international and local election observers noted cases of vote buying and abuse of public resources. The president holds substantial powers as head of state even though the prime minister oversees the Kyrgyz Government and selects most cabinet members. The president represents the country internationally and can sign or veto laws, call for new elections, and nominate Supreme Court judges, cabinet members for posts related to security or defense, and numerous other high-level positions. Continuing concerns for the Kyrgyz Republic include the trajectory of democratization, endemic corruption, a history of tense, at times violent, interethnic relations, border security vulnerabilities, and potential terrorist threats.

Military and Security

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Land Forces, Air Defense Forces, National Guard, State Border Service, and State Committee on Defense Affairs (GKDO) (2017)

Military expenditures [time series]

3.15% of GDP (2016) | 3.45% of GDP (2015) | 3.38% of GDP (2014) | 3.2% of GDP (2013) | 3.21% of GDP (2012)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary male military service in the Armed Forces or Interior Ministry; 1-year service obligation, with optional fee-based 3-year service in the call-up mobilization reserve; women may volunteer at age 19; 16-17 years of age for military cadets, who cannot take part in military operations (2013)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 30.4% (male 912,455 /female 865,910) | 15-24 years: 16.28% (male 483,799 /female 468,653) | 25-54 years: 39.94% (male 1,146,221 /female 1,189,763) | 55-64 years: 7.95% (male 202,754 /female 262,412) | 65 years and over: 5.43% (male 121,221 /female 196,108) (2018 est.) | population pyramid: The World Factbook Field Image Modal × Central Asia :: Kyrgyzstan Print Image Description This is the population pyramid for Kyrgyzstan. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Birth rate [time series]

21.6 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

2.8% (2014)

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

42% (2014)

Death rate [time series]

6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 54.7 (2015 est.) | youth dependency ratio: 48.1 (2015 est.) | elderly dependency ratio: 6.6 (2015 est.) | potential support ratio: 15.1 (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

6% of GDP (2015)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Kyrgyz 73.2%, Uzbek 14.6%, Russian 5.8%, Dungan 1.1%, other 5.3% (includes Uyghur, Tajik, Turk, Kazakh, Tatar, Ukrainian, Korean, German) (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.2% (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

<500 (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

7,600 (2017 est.)

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

6.5% of GDP (2014)

Hospital bed density [time series]

4.5 beds/1,000 population (2013)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 25 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) | male: 29 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.) | female: 20.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)

Languages [time series]

Kyrgyz (official) 71.4%, Uzbek 14.4%, Russian (official) 9%, other 5.2% (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 71.2 years (2018 est.) | male: 67.1 years (2018 est.) | female: 75.6 years (2018 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.) | total population: 99.5% (2015 est.) | male: 99.6% (2015 est.) | female: 99.4% (2015 est.)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

996,000 BISHKEK (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

76 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Median age [time series]

total: 26.8 years | male: 25.7 years | female: 27.9 years (2018 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

23.2 years (2014 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Kyrgyzstani(s) | adjective: Kyrgyzstani

Net migration rate [time series]

-5.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

16.6% (2016)

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

1.85 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Population [time series]

5,849,296 (July 2018 est.)

Population distribution [time series]

Population growth rate [time series]

1.02% (2018 est.)

Religions [time series]

Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5%

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 89.1% of population (2015 est.) | rural: 95.6% of population (2015 est.) | total: 93.3% of population (2015 est.) | unimproved: urban: 10.9% of population (2015 est.) | rural: 4.4% of population (2015 est.) | total: 6.7% of population (2015 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 13 years (2014) | male: 13 years (2014) | female: 13 years (2014)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 25-54 years: 0.96 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 55-64 years: 0.77 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | 65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female (2017 est.) | total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

2.59 children born/woman (2018 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 15.5% (2016 est.) | male: 12.7% (2016 est.) | female: 20.6% (2016 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 36.4% of total population (2018) | rate of urbanization: 2.03% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Kyrgyzstan has yet to ratify the 2001 boundary delimitation with Kazakhstandisputes in Isfara Valley delay completion of delimitation with Tajikistandelimitation of 130 km of border with Uzbekistan is hampered by serious disputes over enclaves and other areas

Illicit drugs [time series]

limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy for CIS markets; limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe; major consumer of opiates

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

stateless persons: 855 (2017); note - most stateless people were born in Kyrgyzstan, have lived there many years, or married Kyrgyz citizens; in 2009, Kyrgyzstan adopted a national action plan to speed up the exchange of old Soviet passports for Kyrgyz ones; between 2014 and 2016, Kyrgyzstan has resolved nearly 9,000 stateless cases; stateless people are unable to register marriages and births, to travel within the country or abroad, to own property, or to receive social benefits

Transportation

Airports [time series]

28 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 18 (2017) | over 3,047 m: 1 (2017) | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2017) | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 (2017) | under 914 m: 3 (2017)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 10 (2013) | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2013) | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013) | under 914 m: 8 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]

EX (2016)

National air transport system [time series]

number of registered air carriers: 3 (2015) | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 10 (2015) | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 625,294 (2015) | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 69,290 mt-km (2015)

Pipelines [time series]

3566 km gas (2018), 16 km oil (2013)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

lake port(s): Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)(Lake Ysyk-Kol)

Railways [time series]

total: 424 km (2018) | broad gauge: 424 km 1.520-m gauge (2018)

Roadways [time series]

total: 34,000 km (2018)

Waterways [time series]

600 km (2010)