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Communications

Airports [time series]

Civil air [time series]

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

30,300 km total; 22,600 km paved or graveled, 7,700 km earth(1990)

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

NA km perennially navigable

Pipelines [time series]

Ports [time series]

none - landlocked

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

370 km; does not include industrial lines (1990)

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

poorly developed; connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch; satellite earth stations - Orbita and INTELSAT (TV receive only)

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops); National Guard, Civil Defense; CIS Forces (Ground, Air, and Air Defense)

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

$NA, NA% of GDP

Manpower availability [time series]

males 15-49, NA fit for military service; NA reach military age (18) annually

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

wool, tobacco, cotton, livestock (sheep and goats) and cattle, vegetables, meat, grapes, fruits and berries, eggs, milk, potatoes

Budget [time series]

revenues $NA million; expenditures $NA million

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

as of May 1992, retaining ruble as currency

Economic aid [time series]

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $NA billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-86), $NA million; Communist countries (1971-86), $NA million

Electricity [time series]

NA kW capacity; 13,900 million kWh produced, 3,232 kWh per capita (1991)

Exports [time series]

$115 million (1990) commodities: wool, chemicals, cotton, ferrous and nonferrous metals, shoes, machinery, tobacco partners: Russia 70%, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and others

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$650 million (1991)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power equivalent - $NA billion, per capita $NA; real growth rate -5% (1991)

Illicit drugs [time series]

poppy cultivation legal

Imports [time series]

$1.5 million (c.i.f., 1990) commodities: lumber, industrial products, ferrous metals, fuel, machinery, textiles, footwear

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 0.1% (1991)

Industries [time series]

small machinery, textiles, food-processing industries, cement, shoes, sawn logs, steel, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, and rare earth metals

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

88% (1991)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Kyrgyzstan's small economy (less than 1% of the total for the former Soviet Union) is oriented toward agriculture, producing mainly livestock such as goats and sheep, as well as cotton, grain, and tobacco. Industry, concentrated around Bishkek, produces small quantities of electric motors, livestock feeding equipment, washing machines, furniture, cement, paper, and bricks. Mineral extraction is small, the most important minerals being rare earth metals and gold. Kyrgyzstan is a net importer of most types of food and fuel but is a net exporter of electricity. By early 1991, the Kirghiz leadership had accelerated reform, primarily by privatizing business and granting life-long tenure to farmers. In 1991 overall industrial and livestock output declined substantially.

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Climate [time series]

dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in south (Fergana Valley)

Coastline [time series]

none - landlocked

Area - comparative (Comparative area) [time series]

slightly smaller than South Dakota

Disputes - international (Disputes) [time series]

territorial dispute with Tajikistan on southern boundary in Isfara Valley area

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

Area (Land area) [time series]

191,300 km2

Land boundaries [time series]

3,878 km; China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km

Land use [time series]

NA% arable land; NA% permanent crops; NA% meadows and pastures; NA% forest and woodland; NA% other; includes NA% irrigated

Maritime claims [time series]

none - landlocked

Natural resources [time series]

small amounts of coal, natural gas, oil; also nepheline, rare earth metals, mercury, bismuth, gold, uranium, lead, zinc, hydroelectric power

Terrain [time series]

peaks of Tien Shan rise to 7,000 meters, and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation

Area (Total area) [time series]

198,500 km2

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

6 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast'); Chu, Dzhalal-Abad, Issyk-Kul', Naryn, Osh, Talas; note - an oblast has the same name as its administrative center

Capital [time series]

Bishkek (formerly Frunze)

Constitution [time series]

adopted NA, effective 20 April 1978, amended 23 September 1989; note - new constitution is being drafted

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation) [time series]

Ambassador NA; Chancery at NW, Washington, DC 200__; telephone (202) NA; there are Consulates General in NA; US: Charge Ralph Bresler; Interim Chancery at #66 Derzhinskiy Prospekt; Residence: Hotel Pishpek (mailing address is APO AE 09862); telephone 8-011-7-3312-22-22-70

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

President: last held 12 October 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - AKAYEV won in uncontested election with 95% of vote with 90% of electorate voting; note - Republic Supreme Soviet elections held 25 February 1990; presidential elections held first by Supreme Soviet 28 October 1990, then by popular vote 12 October 1991 Supreme Soviet: note - last held 25 February 1990 (next to be held no later than November 1994); results - Commnunists (310) 90%, seats - (350 total)

Executive branch [time series]

president, Cabinet of Ministers

Flag [time series]

red-orange field with yellow sun in center with folk motif medallion inscribed

Independence [time series]

31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union; formerly Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic)

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

President Askar AKAYEV; Vice President Felix KULOV; Chairman, Supreme Soviet, Medetkav SHERIMKULOV; Spiritual leader of Kyrgyz Muslims, Sadykzhav KAMALOV Chief of State: President Askar AKAYEV (since 28 October 1990), Vice President Felix KULOV (since 2 March 1992) Head of Government: Prime Minister Tursenbek CHYNGYSHEV (since 2 March 1992)

Legal system [time series]

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral body or bicameral

Country name (Long-form name) [time series]

Republic of Kyrgyzstan

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

CIS, CSCE, IMF, UN, UNCTAD

National holiday [time series]

Political parties (Other political or pressure groups) [time series]

National Unity Democratic Movement; Peasant Party; Council of Free Trade Union; Union of Entrepreneurs

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Kyrgyzstan Democratic Movement, Zhypur ZHEKSHEYEV, Kazat AKMAKOV, and Toshubek TURGANALIEV, co-chairmen of popular front coalition of 40 informal groups for Democratic Renewal and Civic Accord, 117-man pro-Akayev parliamentary faction; Civic Accord, Coalition representing nonnative minority groups; National Revived Asaba (Banner) Party, Asan ORMUSHEV, chairman; Communist Party now banned

Suffrage [time series]

universal at age 18

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic

People

Birth rate [time series]

31 births/1,000 population (1992)

Death rate [time series]

8 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

Kirghiz 52%, Russian 21%, Uzbek 13%, other 14%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

56 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

Labor force [time series]

1,894,000 (1989); agriculture 33%, other 49%, industry 18%, other NA% (1988)

Languages [time series]

Kirghiz (Kyrgyz)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

62 years male, 71 years female (1992)

Literacy [time series]

NA% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write

Nationality [time series]

noun - Kirghiz(s); adjective - Kirghiz

Net migration rate [time series]

- 8.5 migrants/1,000 population (1992)

Organized labor [time series]

Population [time series]

4,567,875 (July 1992), growth rate 1.9% (1992)

Religions [time series]

Muslim 70%, Russian Orthodox NA%

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.0 children born/woman (1992)