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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

state-run TV broadcaster operates 2 nationwide networks and 6 regional stations; roughly 20 private TV stations operating with most rebroadcasting other channels; state-run radio broadcaster operates 2 networks; about 20 private radio stations (2007)

Internet country code [time series]

.kg

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

115,573 (2012) country comparison to the world: 81

Internet users [time series]

2.195 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 74

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: telecommunications infrastructure is being upgraded; loans from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) are being used to install a digital network, digital radio-relay stations, and fiber-optic links domestic: fixed-line penetration remains low and concentrated in urban areas; multiple mobile-cellular service providers with growing coverage; mobile-cellular subscribership was about 115 per 100 persons in 2011 international: country code - 996; connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intersputnik, 1 Intelsat); connected internationally by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line (2011)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

489,000 (2012) country comparison to the world: 98

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

6.8 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 94

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle, wool

Budget [time series]

revenues: $1.9 billion expenditures: $2.281 billion (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-6% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 174

Central bank discount rate [time series]

13.73% (22 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 108 2.5% (31 December 2010 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

28.43% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 4 34.07% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

$-1.497 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 129 $-571.2 million (2011 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$3.746 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 130 $5.486 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

33.4 (2007) country comparison to the world: 96 29 (2001)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Kyrgyzstan is a poor, mountainous country with a dominant agricultural sector. Cotton, tobacco, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only tobacco and cotton are exported in any quantity. Industrial exports include gold, mercury, uranium, natural gas, and electricity. The economy depends heavily on gold exports - mainly from output at the Kumtor gold mine - and on remittances from Kyrgyzstani migrant workers primarily in Russia. Following independence, Kyrgyzstan was progressive in carrying out market reforms, such as an improved regulatory system and land reform. Kyrgyzstan was the first Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization. Much of the government's stock in enterprises has been sold. Drops in production had been severe after the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, but by mid-1995, production began to recover and exports began to increase. In 2005, the BAKIEV government and international financial institutions initiated a comprehensive medium-term poverty reduction and economic growth strategy. The government made steady strides in controlling its substantial fiscal deficit, nearly closing the gap between revenues and expenditures in 2006, before boosting expenditures more than 20% in 2007-08. GDP grew about 8% annually in 2007-08, partly due to higher gold prices internationally, but slowed to 2.9% in 2009. The overthrow of President BAKIEV in April 2010 and subsequent ethnic clashes left hundreds dead and damaged infrastructure. Shrinking trade and agricultural production, as well as the political instability caused by the change in government, caused GDP to contract 0.5% in 2010. The fiscal deficit widened to 11% of GDP in 2010, reflecting significant increases in crisis-related spending, including both rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure and bank recapitalization. The economy grew 5.7% in 2011, but slowed to around 1% in 2012, primarily due to an 83% decrease in production from Kumtor. As a result, the budget deficit increased at year's end. Progress in fighting corruption, improving transparency in licensing, business permits and taxations, restructuring domestic industry, and attracting foreign aid and investment are key to future growth.

Exchange rates [time series]

soms (KGS) per US dollar - 47.01 (2012 est.) 46.14 (2011 est.) 45.96 (2010 est.) 42.91 (2009) 36.11 (2008)

Exports [time series]

$1.921 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 141 $2.267 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

gold, cotton, wool, garments, meat, tobacco; mercury, uranium, electricity; machinery; shoes

Exports - partners [time series]

Kazakhstan 26.2%, Uzbekistan 26.1%, Russia 14.6%, China 7%, UAE 6.1%, Afghanistan 5.2% (2012)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$6.385 billion (2012 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$13.14 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 145 $13.26 billion (2011 est.) $12.51 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 88% government consumption: 17.6% investment in fixed capital: 25.5% investment in inventories: -0.2% exports of goods and services: 53.6% imports of goods and services: -84.4% (2012 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 21.3% industry: 32.6% services: 46.1% (2012 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$2,400 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 184 $2,400 (2011 est.) $2,300 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

-0.9% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 195 6% (2011 est.) -0.5% (2010 est.)

Gross national saving [time series]

2.4% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 140 15% of GDP (2011 est.) 19.2% of GDP (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 2.8% highest 10%: 27.8% (2009 est.)

Imports [time series]

$4.967 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 130 $3.936 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

oil and gas, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs

Imports - partners [time series]

China 55.2%, Russia 17.4%, Kazakhstan 7.9% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

11.9% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 10

Industries [time series]

small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

2.7% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 80 16.5% (2011 est.)

Labor force [time series]

2.344 million (2007) country comparison to the world: 115

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 48% industry: 12.5% services: 39.5% (2005 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$165 million (31 December 2011) country comparison to the world: 115 $79 million (31 December 2010) $71.84 million (31 December 2009)

Population below poverty line [time series]

33.7% (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$2.066 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 121 $1.835 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$1.952 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 151 $1.654 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$39.6 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 94 $39.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$1.685 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 98 $1.312 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$932.5 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 154 $761.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$1.372 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 139 $1.151 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

29.8% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 97

Unemployment rate [time series]

8.6% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 98 18% (2004 est.)

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

7.793 million Mt (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 110

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 137

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 203

Crude oil - production [time series]

1,000 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 110

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

40 million bbl (1 January 2013 es) country comparison to the world: 80

Electricity - consumption [time series]

7.326 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 98

Electricity - exports [time series]

2.62 billion kWh (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 36

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

20.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 190

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

79.9% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 15

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 116

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 186

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 204

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

3.64 million kW (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 84

Electricity - production [time series]

14.9 billion kWh (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 83

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

462.5 million cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 98

Natural gas - exports [time series]

NA (2011 est.)

Natural gas - imports [time series]

390 million cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 66

Natural gas - production [time series]

10 million cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 91

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2013 es) country comparison to the world: 91

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

16,640 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 140

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

2,433 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 99

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

35,040 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 86

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 190

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 199,951 sq km country comparison to the world: 87 land: 191,801 sq km water: 8,150 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than South Dakota

Climate [time series]

dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m highest point: Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 8.01 cu km/yr (3%/4%/93%) per capita: 1,558 cu m/yr (2006)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

41 00 N, 75 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range; 94% of the country is 1,000 m above sea level with an average elevation of 2,750 m; many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes

Irrigated land [time series]

10,210 sq km (2005)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 3,051 km border countries: China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,224 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 6.38% permanent crops: 0.37% other: 93.24% note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural-growth walnut forest (2011)

Location [time series]

Central Asia, west of China, south of Kazakhstan

Map references [time series]

Asia

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

Natural resources [time series]

abundant hydropower; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc

Terrain [time series]

peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation

Total renewable water resources [time series]

23.62 cu km (2011)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

7 provinces (oblustar, singular - oblus) and 2 cities* (shaarlar, singular - shaar); Batken Oblusu, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblusu (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblusu, Naryn Oblusu, Osh Oblusu, Osh Shaary*, Talas Oblusu, Ysyk-Kol Oblusu (Karakol) note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)

Capital [time series]

name: Bishkek geographic coordinates: 42 52 N, 74 36 E time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

previous 1993; latest adopted 27 June 2010, effective 2 July 2010 (2010)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Kyrgyz Republic conventional short form: Kyrgyzstan local long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasy local short form: Kyrgyzstan former: Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Pamela L. SPRATLEN (since 15 April 2011) embassy: 171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [996] (312) 551-241, (517) 777-217 FAX: [996] (312) 551-264

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Mukhtar JUMALIEV (since 3 December 2010) chancery: 2360 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 449-9822 FAX: [1] (202) 386-7550 consulate(s): New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Almazbek ATAMBAEV (since 1 December 2011) head of government: Prime Minister Jantoro SATYBALDIEV (since 5 September 2012); First Deputy Prime Minister - Joomart OTORBAEV (since 5 September 2012); Deputy Prime Ministers - Tayyrbek SARPASHEV and Kamila TALIEVA (since 5 September 2012), Tokon MAMYTOV (since 19 June 2013) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president; ministers in charge of defense and security are appointed solely by the president (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held on 30 October 2011 (next to be held in 2017); prime minister nominated by the parliamentary party holding more than 50% of the seats; if no such party exists, the president selects the party that will form a coalition majority and government election results: Almazbek ATAMBAEV elected president; percent of vote - Almazbek ATAMBAEV 63.2%, Adakhan MADUMAROV 14.7%, Kamchybek TASHIEV 14.3%, other 7.8%; Jantoro SATYBALDIEV elected prime minister; parliamentary vote - 111-2

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of a "tunduk" - the crown of a traditional Kyrgyz yurt; red symbolizes bravery and valor, the sun evinces peace and wealth

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

31 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation [time series]

ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 25 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president; Supreme Court judges serve for 10 years, Constitutional Court judges serve for 15 years; mandatory retirement at age 70 for judges of both courts subordinate courts: Higher Court of Arbitration; oblast (provincial) and city courts

Legal system [time series]

civil law system which includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Supreme Council or Jogorku Kengesh (120 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 10 October 2010 (next to be held in 2015) election results: Supreme Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Ata-Jurt 28, SDPK 26, Ar-Namys 25, Respublika 23, Ata-Meken 18

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni" (National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic)

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 31 August (1991)

National symbol(s) [time series]

gyrfalcon

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Ar-Namys (Dignity) Party [Feliks KULOV] Ata-Jurt (Homeland) [Kamchybek TASHIEV, Akhmat KELDIBEKOV] Ata-Meken (Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAEV] Butun Kyrgyzstan (All Kyrgyzstan) [Adakhan MADUMAROV] Respublika [Omurbek BABANOV] Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDPK) [Almazbek ATAMBAEV]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Adilet (Justice) Legal Clinic [Cholpon JAKUPOVA] Citizens Against Corruption [Tolekan ISMAILOVA] Coalition for Democracy and Civil Society [Dinara OSHURAKHUNOVA] Kylym Shamy (Torch of the Century) [Aziza ABDIRASULOVA] Precedent Partnership Group [Nurbek TOKTAKUNOV] Societal Analysis Public Association [Rita KARASARTOVA] Union of True Muslims [Nurlan MOTUEV]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, most of Kyrgyzstan was formally annexed to Russia in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916 in which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1936 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in the spring of 2005 resulted in the ouster of President Askar AKAEV, who had run the country since 1990. Subsequent presidential elections in July 2005 were won overwhelmingly by former prime minister Kurmanbek BAKIEV. Over the next few years, the new president manipulated the parliament to accrue new powers for himself. In July 2009, after months of harassment against his opponents and media critics, BAKIEV won re-election in a presidential campaign that the international community deemed flawed. In April 2010, violent protests in Bishkek led to the collapse of the BAKIEV regime and his eventual fleeing to Minsk, Belarus. His successor, Roza OTUNBAEVA, served as transitional president until Almazbek ATAMBAEV was inaugurated in December 2011. Continuing concerns include: the trajectory of democratization, endemic corruption, poor interethnic relations, and terrorism.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,456,881 females age 16-49: 1,470,317 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,119,224 females age 16-49: 1,257,263 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 56,606 female: 54,056 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Ground Forces, Air Force (includes Air Defense Forces) (2013)

Military expenditures [time series]

2.8% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 44

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary male military service in the Armed Forces or Interior Ministry; service obligation - 1 year, with optional fee-based 3-year service in the callup mobilization reserve; women may volunteer at age 19; 16-17 years of age for military cadets, who cannot take part in military operations (2013)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 29.7% (male 842,511/female 805,295) 15-24 years: 19.4% (male 547,456/female 530,702) 25-54 years: 39.2% (male 1,063,702/female 1,111,423) 55-64 years: 6.8% (male 162,851/female 213,254) 65 years and over: 4.9% (male 104,129/female 166,719) (2013 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

23.67 births/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 70

Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]

total number: 563,920 percentage: 40.3 % note: data represents children ages 5-17 (2007 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

2.7% (2006) country comparison to the world: 112

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

47.8% (2005/06)

Death rate [time series]

6.83 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 139

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 52.7 % youth dependency ratio: 46.4 % elderly dependency ratio: 6.4 % potential support ratio: 15.7 (2013)

Drinking water source [time series]

improved: urban: 99% of population rural: 85% of population total: 90% of population unimproved: urban: 1% of population rural: 15% of population total: 10% of population (2010 est.)

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

5.8% of GDP (2010) country comparison to the world: 47

Ethnic groups [time series]

Kyrgyz 64.9%, Uzbek 13.8%, Russian 12.5%, Dungan 1.1%, Ukrainian 1%, Uighur 1%, other 5.7% (1999 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.3% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 91

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

fewer than 500 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 86

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

9,800 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 99

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

6.2% of GDP (2010) country comparison to the world: 102

Hospital bed density [time series]

4.8 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 29.73 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 68 male: 34.05 deaths/1,000 live births female: 25.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)

Languages [time series]

Kyrgyz (official) 64.7%, Uzbek 13.6%, Russian (official) 12.5%, Dungun 1%, other 8.2% (1999 census)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 69.75 years country comparison to the world: 154 male: 65.58 years female: 74.21 years (2013 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.2% male: 99.5% female: 99% (2009 est.)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

BISHKEK (capital) 854,000 (2009)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

71 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 87

Median age [time series]

total: 25.4 years male: 24.5 years female: 26.4 years (2013 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

23.6 (2010 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Kyrgyzstani(s) adjective: Kyrgyzstani

Net migration rate [time series]

-7.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 201

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

15.5% (2008) country comparison to the world: 118

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

2.47 physicians/1,000 population (2011)

Population [time series]

5,548,042 (July 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 113

Population growth rate [time series]

0.97% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 120

Religions [time series]

Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5%

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 94% of population rural: 93% of population total: 93% of population unimproved: urban: 6% of population rural: 7% of population total: 7% of population (2010 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 12 years male: 12 years female: 13 years (2011)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.77 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.63 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

2.71 children born/woman (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 74

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 14.6% country comparison to the world: 89 male: 13.6% female: 16.2% (2006)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 35.3% of total population (2011) rate of urbanization: 1.31% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Kyrgyzstan has yet to ratify the 2001 boundary delimitation with Kazakhstan; disputes in Isfara Valley delay completion of delimitation with Tajikistan; delimitation of 130 km of border with Uzbekistan is hampered by serious disputes over enclaves and other areas

Illicit drugs [time series]

limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy for CIS markets; limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe; major consumer of opiates

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

IDPs: 172,000 (June 2010 violence in southern Kyrgyzstan between the Kyrgyz majority and the Uzbek minority) (2012) stateless persons: 15,473 (2012); note - most stateless people were born in Kyrgystan, have lived there many years, or are married to a Kyrgyz citizen; in 2009, Kyrgyzstan adopted a national action plan to speed up the exchange of old Soviet passports for Kyrgyz ones; stateless people are unable to register marriages and births, to travel within the country or abroad, to own property, or to receive social benefits

Transportation

Airports [time series]

28 (2013) country comparison to the world: 122

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 18 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 under 914 m: 3 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 8 (2013)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 480 km; oil 16 km (2013)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)

Railways [time series]

total: 470 km country comparison to the world: 112 broad gauge: 470 km 1.520-m gauge (2008)

Roadways [time series]

total: 34,000 km (2007) country comparison to the world: 94

Waterways [time series]

600 km (2010) country comparison to the world: 79