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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

state-run TV broadcaster operates 2 nationwide networks and 6 regional stations; roughly 20 private TV stations operating with most rebroadcasting other channels; state-run radio broadcaster operates 2 networks; about 20 private radio stations (2007)

Internet country code [time series]

.kg

Internet users [time series]

total: 1,976,006 | percent of population: 34.5% (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 113

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: telecommunications infrastructure is being upgraded; loans from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) are being used to install a digital network, digital radio-relay stations, and fiber-optic links | domestic: fixed-line penetration remains low and concentrated in urban areas; multiple mobile-cellular service providers with growing coverage; mobile-cellular subscribership up to over 130 per 100 persons | international: country code - 996; connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intersputnik, 1 Intelsat); connected internationally by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line (2016)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 382,149 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 100

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total: 7,613,528 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 133 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 101

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle, wool

Budget [time series]

revenues: $1.868 billion | expenditures: $2.166 billion (2016 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-4.6% of GDP (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 153

Central bank discount rate [time series]

5% (31 December 2016) | 8% (31 December 2015) | country comparison to the world: 79

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

22.23% (31 December 2016 est.) | 24.25% (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 11

Current account balance [time series]

$-633 million (2016 est.) | $-1.052 billion (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 109

Debt - external [time series]

$8.182 billion (31 December 2016 est.) | $7.504 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 119

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

33.4 (2007) | 29 (2001) | country comparison to the world: 107

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked, mountainous, lower middle income country with an economy dominated by minerals extraction, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. Cotton, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products, although only cotton is exported in any quantity. Other exports include gold, mercury, uranium, natural gas, and - in some years - electricity. The country has sought to attract foreign investment to expand its export base, including construction of hydroelectric dams, but a difficult investment climate and an ongoing legal battle with a Canadian firm over the joint ownership structure of the nation’s largest gold mine deter potential investors. Remittances from Kyrgyz migrant workers, predominantly in Russia and Kazakhstan, are equivalent to over one-quarter of Kyrgyzstan’s GDP. | Following independence, Kyrgyzstan rapidly implemented market reforms, such as improving the regulatory system and instituting land reform. In 1998, Kyrgyzstan was the first Commonwealth of Independent States country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization. The government has privatized much of its ownership shares in public enterprises. Despite these reforms, the country suffered a severe drop in production in the early 1990s and has again faced slow growth in recent years as the global financial crisis, declining oil prices, and regional economic headwinds have damaged economies across Central Asia. The Kyrgyz government remains dependent on foreign donor support to finance its annual budget deficit of approximately 4 to 5% of GDP. | Kyrgyz leaders hope the country’s August 2015 accession to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) will bolster trade and investment, but slowing economies in Russia and China and low commodity prices continue to hamper economic growth. While joining the EAEU has increased Kyrgyz labor mobility within member states, large-scale trade and investment pledged by Kyrgyz leaders has been slow in developing since accession. Kyrgyz entrepreneurs and politicians alike often contend that non-tariff measures imposed by other EAEU member states, particularly Kazakhstan, are negatively impacting sectors of the Kyrgyz economy that enjoy a comparative advantage, such as meat and dairy production. Since acceding to the EAEU, the Kyrgyz Republic has continued harmonizing its laws and regulations to conform to EAEU standards, though many local entrepreneurs have criticized this process as disjointed and incomplete. The keys to future growth include progress in fighting corruption, improving administrative transparency, restructuring and diversifying domestic industries, and attracting foreign aid and investment.

Exchange rates [time series]

soms (KGS) per US dollar - | 69.914 (2016 est.) | 69.914 (2015 est.) | 64.462 (2014 est.) | 53.654 (2013 est.) | 47.01 (2012 est.)

Exports [time series]

$1.544 billion (2016 est.) | $1.571 billion (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 147

Exports - commodities [time series]

gold, cotton, wool, garments, meat; mercury, uranium, electricity; machinery; shoes

Exports - partners [time series]

Switzerland 44.9%, Kazakhstan 10.5%, Russia 10.1%, Uzbekistan 8.7%, Turkey 6.2%, China 5.5% (2016)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$6.551 billion (2016 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$21.5 billion (2016 est.) | $20.46 billion (2015 est.) | $19.56 billion (2014 est.) | note: data are in 2016 dollars | country comparison to the world: 142

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 14.9% | industry: 29.2% | services: 55.9% (2016 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$3,500 (2016 est.) | $3,400 (2015 est.) | $3,400 (2014 est.) | note: data are in 2016 dollars | country comparison to the world: 183

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

3.8% (2016 est.) | 3.5% (2015 est.) | 4% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 71

Gross national saving [time series]

23.8% of GDP (2016 est.) | 18.3% of GDP (2015 est.) | 20.4% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 62

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 4.4% | highest 10%: 22.9% (2014 est.)

Imports [time series]

$3.644 billion (2016 est.) | $3.791 billion (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 132

Imports - commodities [time series]

oil and gas, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs

Imports - partners [time series]

China 37.8%, Russia 20.7%, Kazakhstan 16.4%, Turkey 4.9% (2016)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

5.9% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 36

Industries [time series]

small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, lumber, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

0.4% (2016 est.) | 6.5% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 64

Labor force [time series]

2.787 million (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 107

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 48% | industry: 12.5% | services: 39.5% (2005 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$165 million (31 December 2012 est.) | $165 million (31 December 2011 est.) | $79 million (31 December 2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 120

Population below poverty line [time series]

32.1% (2015 est.)

Public debt [time series]

58.5% of GDP (2016 est.) | 64.9% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 78

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$1.97 billion (31 December 2016 est.) | $1.778 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 119

Stock of broad money [time series]

$1.667 billion (31 December 2016 est.) | $1.084 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 160

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$655.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) | $629.3 million (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 89

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$5.21 billion (31 December 2016 est.) | $4.748 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 104

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$1.444 billion (31 December 2016 est.) | $993.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 159

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$1.411 billion (31 December 2016 est.) | $928.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 141

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

28.5% of GDP (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 92

Unemployment rate [time series]

7.5% (2016 est.) | 7.6% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 96

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

9.4 million Mt (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 106

Crude oil - exports [time series]

19.65 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 83

Crude oil - imports [time series]

100 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 84

Crude oil - production [time series]

1,000 bbl/day (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 91

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

40 million bbl (1 January 2017 es) | country comparison to the world: 82

Electricity - consumption [time series]

10.68 billion kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 91

Electricity - exports [time series]

184 million kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 76

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

20.6% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 195

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

79.4% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 15

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 119

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 189

Electricity - imports [time series]

729 million kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 74

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

3.89 million kW (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 91

Electricity - production [time series]

12.8 billion kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 90

Electricity access [time series]

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

773 million cu m (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 129

Natural gas - imports [time series]

160 million cu m (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 74

Natural gas - production [time series]

30 million cu m (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 89

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2017 es) | country comparison to the world: 95

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

33,000 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 118

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

2,698 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

31,960 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 99

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

1,776 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 104

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 199,951 sq km | land: 191,801 sq km | water: 8,150 sq km | country comparison to the world: 88

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than South Dakota

Climate [time series]

dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation [time series]

mean elevation: 2,988 m | elevation extremes: lowest point: Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m | highest point: Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

41 00 N, 75 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range; 94% of the country is 1,000 m above sea level with an average elevation of 2,750 m; many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes

Irrigated land [time series]

10,233 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 4,573 km | border countries (4): China 1,063 km, Kazakhstan 1,212 km, Tajikistan 984 km, Uzbekistan 1,314 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 55.4% | arable land 6.7%; permanent crops 0.4%; permanent pasture 48.3% | forest: 5.1% | other: 39.5% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Central Asia, west of China, south of Kazakhstan

Map references [time series]

Asia

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

major flooding during snow melt; prone to earthquakes

Natural resources [time series]

abundant hydropower; gold, rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc

Population distribution (Population - distribution) [time series]

the vast majority of Kyrgyzstanis live in rural areas; densest population settlement is to the north in and around the capital, Bishkek, followed by Osh in the west; the least densely populated area is the east, southeast in the Tien Shan mountains

Terrain [time series]

peaks of the Tien Shan mountain range and associated valleys and basins encompass the entire country

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

7 provinces (oblustar, singular - oblus) and 2 cities* (shaarlar, singular - shaar); Batken Oblusu, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblusu (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblusu, Naryn Oblusu, Osh Oblusu, Osh Shaary*, Talas Oblusu, Ysyk-Kol Oblusu (Karakol) | note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)

Capital [time series]

name: Bishkek | geographic coordinates: 42 52 N, 74 36 E | time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship [time series]

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Kyrgyzstan | dual citizenship recognized: yes, but only if a mutual treaty on dual citizenship is in force | residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Constitution [time series]

history: previous 1993; latest adopted by referendum 27 June 2010, effective 2 July 2010; note - the current constitution prohibits any change until 2020 | amendments: proposed as a draft law by the majority of the Supreme Council membership or by petition of 300,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Council membership in each of at least three readings of the draft two months apart; the draft may be submitted to a referendum if approved by two-thirds of the Council membership; adoption requires the signature of the president; amended 2017 (2017)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Kyrgyz Republic | conventional short form: Kyrgyzstan | local long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasy | local short form: Kyrgyzstan | former: Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic | etymology: a combination of the Turkic words "kyrg" (forty) and "-yz" (tribes) with the Persian suffix "-stan" (country) creating the meaning "Land of the Forty Tribes"; the name refers to the forty clans united by the legendary Kyrgyz hero, MANAS

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Alan MELTZER (since August 2017) | embassy: 171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016 | mailing address: use embassy street address | telephone: [996] (312) 597-000 | FAX: [996] (312) 597-744

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Kadyr TOKTOGULOV (since 23 February 2015) | chancery: 2360 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 449-9822 | FAX: [1] (202) 449-8275 | consulate(s): New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Almazbek ATAMBAEV (since 1 December 2011) | head of government: Prime Minister Sapar ISAKOV (since 26 August 2017) | cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president; defense and security committee chairs appointed by the president | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single 6-year term; election last held on 15 October 2017 (next to be held in October 2023); prime minister nominated by the majority party or majority coalition in the Supreme Council, appointed by the president | election results: Sooronbay JEENBEKOV elected president in first round; percent of vote - Sooronbay JEENBEKOV (SDPK) 54.3%, Omurbek BABANOV (independent) 33.4%, Adakhan MADUMAROV (United Kyrgyzstan) 6.4%, Temir SARIYEV (Akshumar) 2.5%, other 3.4%; note - Sooronbay JEENBEKOV's inauguration is scheduled for 4 December 2017; Sapar ISAKOV elected prime minister; Supreme Council vote - 97 to 5

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of a "tunduk" - the crown of a traditional Kyrgyz yurt; red symbolizes bravery and valor, the sun evinces peace and wealth

Government type [time series]

parliamentary republic

Independence [time series]

31 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation [time series]

ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 25 judges); Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (consists of the chairperson, deputy chairperson, and 9 judges) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president; Supreme Court judges serve for 10 years, Constitutional Court judges serve for 15 years; mandatory retirement at age 70 for judges of both courts | subordinate courts: Higher Court of Arbitration; oblast (provincial) and city courts

Legal system [time series]

civil law system, which includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws

Legislative branch [time series]

description: unicameral Supreme Council or Jogorku Kenesh (120 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms) | elections: last held on 4 October 2015 (next to be held in 2020) | election results: percent of vote by party - SDPK 27.4%, Respublika-Ata-Jurt 20.1%, Kyrgyzstan Party 12.9%, Onuguu-Progress 9.3%, Bir Bol 8.5%, Ata-Meken 7.7%, other 14.1%; seats by party - SDPK 38, Respublika-Ata-Jurt 28, Kyrgyzstan Party 18, Onuguu-Progress 13, Bir Bol 12, Ata-Meken 11

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni" (National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic) | lyrics/music: Djamil SADYKOV and Eshmambet KULUEV/Nasyr DAVLESOV and Kalyi MOLDOBASANOV | note: adopted 1992

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 31 August (1991)

National symbol(s) [time series]

gyrfalcon; national colors: red, yellow

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Akshumkar (White Falcon) [Temir SARIYEV] | Ata-Jurt (Homeland) [Kamchybek TASHIEV] | Ata-Meken (Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAEV] | Bir Bol (Stay United) [Altynbek SULAIMANOV] | Kyrgyzstan Party [Almazbek BATYRBEKOV] | Onuguu-Progress [Bakyt TOROBAEV] | Respublika (Republic) [Omurbek BABANOV] | Respublika-Ata-Jurt (Republic-Homeland) [Omurbek BABANOV] (parliamentary faction) | Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan or SDPK [Isa OMURKULOV] | United Kyrgyzstan [Adakhan MADUMAROV]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Adilet (Justice) Legal Clinic [Cholpon JAKUPOVA] | Bir Duino [Tolekan ISMAILOVA] (formerly Citizens Against Corruption) | Coalition for Democracy and Civil Society [Azamat ADILOV] | Kylym Shamy (Torch of the Century) [Aziza ABDIRASULOVA] (human rights) | Precedent Partnership Group [Nurbek TOKTAKUNOV] | Societal Analysis Public Association [Rita KARASARTOVA]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, most of the territory of present-day Kyrgyzstan was formally annexed to the Russian Empire in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916 in which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1936 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in the spring of 2005 resulted in the ouster of President Askar AKAEV, who had run the country since 1990. Former Prime Minister Kurmanbek BAKIEV overwhelmingly won the presidential election in the summer of 2005. Over the next few years, he manipulated the parliament to accrue new powers for the presidency. In July 2009, after months of harassment against his opponents and media critics, BAKIEV won reelection in a presidential campaign that the international community deemed flawed. In April 2010, violent protests in Bishkek led to the collapse of the BAKIEV regime and his eventual flight to Minsk, Belarus. His successor, Roza OTUNBAEVA, served as transitional president until Almazbek ATAMBAEV was inaugurated in December 2011, marking the first peaceful transfer of presidential power in independent Kyrgyzstan's history. Continuing concerns include: the trajectory of democratization, endemic corruption, poor interethnic relations, border security vulnerabilities, and potential terrorist threats. | Under the 2010 Constitution, ATAMBAEV is limited to one term, which will end in 2017. Constitutional amendments passed in a referendum in December 2016 include language that transfers some presidential powers to the prime minister. Disagreement over the constitutional amendments compelled ATAMBAEV’s Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan to dissolve the ruling coalition and create a new majority coalition in the Jogorku Kenesh that excluded opposition parties critical of the amendments.

Military and Security

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

State Committee on Defense Affairs (GKDO): Ground Forces, Air Force (includes Air Defense Forces) (2015)

Military expenditures [time series]

3.15% of GDP (2016) | 3.45% of GDP (2015) | 3.38% of GDP (2014) | 3.2% of GDP (2013) | 3.21% of GDP (2012)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary male military service in the Armed Forces or Interior Ministry; 1-year service obligation, with optional fee-based 3-year service in the call-up mobilization reserve; women may volunteer at age 19; 16-17 years of age for military cadets, who cannot take part in military operations (2013)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 30.3% (male 899,545/female 854,745) | 15-24 years: 16.79% (male 493,924/female 478,217) | 25-54 years: 39.84% (male 1,130,422/female 1,175,729) | 55-64 years: 7.8% (male 196,856/female 254,694) | 65 years and over: 5.27% (male 116,584/female 188,406) (2017 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

22.1 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 72

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

2.8% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 101

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

42% (2014)

Death rate [time series]

6.5 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 143

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 54.7 | youth dependency ratio: 48.1 | elderly dependency ratio: 6.6 | potential support ratio: 15.1 (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

5.5% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 25

Ethnic groups [time series]

Kyrgyz 70.9%, Uzbek 14.3%, Russian 7.7%, Dungan 1.1%, other 5.9% (includes Uyghur, Tajik, Turk, Kazakh, Tatar, Ukrainian, Korean, German) (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.2% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 91

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

<500 (2016 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

8,500 (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 100

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

6.5% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 91

Hospital bed density [time series]

4.8 beds/1,000 population (2012)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 25.9 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 30 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 21.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 68

Languages [time series]

Kyrgyz (official) 71.4%, Uzbek 14.4%, Russian (official) 9%, other 5.2% (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 70.9 years | male: 66.8 years | female: 75.4 years (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 156

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 99.5% | male: 99.6% | female: 99.4% (2015 est.)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

BISHKEK (capital) 865,000 (2015)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

76 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 82

Median age [time series]

total: 26.5 years | male: 25.4 years | female: 27.6 years (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 148

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

23.2 years (2014 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Kyrgyzstani(s) | adjective: Kyrgyzstani

Net migration rate [time series]

-5.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 193

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

16.6% (2016) | country comparison to the world: 121

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

1.85 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Population [time series]

5,789,122 (July 2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 114

Population distribution [time series]

Population growth rate [time series]

1.05% (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 107

Religions [time series]

Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5%

Sanitation facility access [time series]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 13 years | male: 13 years | female: 13 years (2014)

Sex ratio [time series]

Total fertility rate [time series]

2.61 children born/woman (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 76

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 15% | male: 12.5% | female: 19.1% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 80

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 36% of total population (2017) | rate of urbanization: 2.04% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Kyrgyzstan has yet to ratify the 2001 boundary delimitation with Kazakhstan; disputes in Isfara Valley delay completion of delimitation with Tajikistan; delimitation of 130 km of border with Uzbekistan is hampered by serious disputes over enclaves and other areas

Illicit drugs [time series]

limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy for CIS markets; limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe; major consumer of opiates

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

stateless persons: 2,334 (2016); note - most stateless people were born in Kyrgyzstan, have lived there many years, or married Kyrgyz citizens; in 2009, Kyrgyzstan adopted a national action plan to speed up the exchange of old Soviet passports for Kyrgyz ones; between 2014 and 2016, Kyrgyzstan has resolved nearly 9,000 stateless cases; stateless people are unable to register marriages and births, to travel within the country or abroad, to own property, or to receive social benefits

Transportation

Airports [time series]

28 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 122

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 18 | over 3,047 m: 1 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 | under 914 m: 3 (2017)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 10 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 | under 914 m: 8 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]

EX (2016)

National air transport system [time series]

number of registered air carriers: 3 | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 10 | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 625,294 | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 69,290 mt-km (2015)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 480 km; oil 16 km (2013)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

lake port(s): Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)(Lake Ysyk-Kol)

Railways [time series]

total: 470 km | broad gauge: 470 km 1.520-m gauge (2014) | country comparison to the world: 116

Roadways [time series]

total: 34,000 km (2007) | country comparison to the world: 94

Waterways [time series]

600 km (2010) | country comparison to the world: 78