Greenland

total: 18,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32 (2022 est.)

Greenland Broadcasting Company provides public radio and TV, with a broadcast station and a series of repeaters; a few private local TV and radio stations; Danish public radio rebroadcasts are available (2019)

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percent of population: 70% (2017 est.)

total subscriptions: 6,000 (2020 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2022 est.)

total subscriptions: 67,000 (2021 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 118 (2021 est.)

sheep, cattle, reindeer, fish, shellfish

revenues: $1.719 billion (2016 est.) expenditures: $1.594 billion (2016 est.)

high-income, self-governing Danish territorial economy; non-EU member but preferential market access; dependent on Danish financial support; exports led by fishing industry; growing tourism and interest in untapped mineral deposits; relies on hydropower for fuel

Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar - 6.894 (2024 est.) 6.89 (2023 est.) 7.076 (2022 est.) 6.287 (2021 est.) 6.542 (2020 est.)

$1.357 billion (2023 est.) $1.286 billion (2022 est.) $1.122 billion (2021 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars

fish, shellfish, processed crustaceans, ships, precious stones (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Denmark 50%, China 23%, UK 5%, Japan 5%, Germany 3% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

$3.327 billion (2023 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

household consumption: 32.6% (2023 est.) government consumption: 41.7% (2023 est.) investment in fixed capital: 34.7% (2023 est.) investment in inventories: 1.3% (2023 est.) exports of goods and services: 40.8% (2023 est.) imports of goods and services: -51.1% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

agriculture: 16.6% (2023 est.) industry: 18.4% (2023 est.) services: 61% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

$1.7 billion (2023 est.) $1.657 billion (2022 est.) $1.635 billion (2021 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars

refined petroleum, ships, garments, plastic products, furniture (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Denmark 58%, Sweden 19%, Spain 8%, Iceland 7%, Canada 2% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

-1.3% (2023 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut), anorthosite and ruby mining, handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards

1.2% (2022 est.) 0% (2021 est.) 2.1% (2020 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

$4.04 billion (2023 est.) $4.005 billion (2022 est.) $3.926 billion (2021 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

0.9% (2023 est.) 2% (2022 est.) 1.6% (2021 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

$71,000 (2023 est.) $70,700 (2022 est.) $69,300 (2021 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

imports: 5 metric tons (2023 est.) proven reserves: 383 million metric tons (2023 est.)

installed generating capacity: 190,000 kW (2023 est.) consumption: 534.5 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 10 million kWh (2023 est.)

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

fossil fuels: 13.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 85.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

refined petroleum consumption: 4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)

527,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 12 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 527,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters

changes in sea levels and other disruptions in the Arctic environment

agricultural land: 0.6% (2023 est.) arable land: 0% (2022 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.) permanent pasture: 0.6% (2023 est.) forest: 0% (2023 est.) other: 99.4% (2023 est.)

urban population: 87.9% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

municipal solid waste generated annually: 50,000 tons (2024 est.)

total : 2,166,086 sq km land: 2,166,086 sq km (approximately 1,710,000 sq km ice-covered)

slightly more than three times the size of Texas

arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters

44,087 km

highest point: Gunnbjorn Fjeld 3,694 m lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m mean elevation: 1,792 m

72 00 N, 40 00 W

dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements along coast; close to one-quarter of the population lives in the capital, Nuuk; world's second largest ice sheet after that of Antarctica, covering an area of 1.71 million sq km (660,000 sq mi), or about 79% of the island, and containing 2.85 million cu km (684 thousand cu mi) of ice (almost 7% of the world's fresh water)

NA

total: 0 km

agricultural land: 0.6% (2023 est.) arable land: 0% (2022 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.) permanent pasture: 0.6% (2023 est.) forest: 0% (2023 est.) other: 99.4% (2023 est.)

Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada

Arctic Region

territorial sea: 3 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line

continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island

coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, molybdenum, diamonds, gold, platinum, niobium, tantalite, uranium, fish, seals, whales, hydropower, possible oil and gas

settlement concentrated on the southwest shoreline, with limited settlements scattered along the remaining coast; interior is uninhabited

flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast

5 municipalities ( kommuner , singular - kommune ); Avannaata, Kujalleq, Qeqertalik, Qeqqata, Sermersooq note: Northeast Greenland National Park (Kalaallit Nunaanni Nuna Eqqissisimatitaq) and the Pituffik Space Base (formerly known as Thule Air Base) in northwest Greenland are two unincorporated areas; the national park's 972,000 sq km -- about 46% of the island -- makes it the largest national park in the world and also the most northerly

name: Nuuk geographic coordinates: 64 11 N, 51 45 W time difference: UTC-2 (3 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October time zone note: Greenland has three time zones etymology: nuuk is the Inuit word for "cape;" until 1979, the name was Godthab, from the Danish words meaning "good hope"

see Denmark

history: previous 1953 (Greenland established as a constituency in the Danish constitution), 1979 (Greenland Home Rule Act); latest 21 June 2009 (Greenland Self-Government Act)

conventional long form: none conventional short form: Greenland local long form: none local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat etymology: named by Norse navigator Erik THORVALDSSON (Erik the Red) in A.D. 985 to attract settlers to the island; the original Greenlandic name, Kalaallit Nunaat, means "land of the people"

part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark since 1979

chief of mission: Consul Susan A. "Suzi" WILSON (since August 2025) embassy: Aalisartut Aqqutaa 47 Nuuk 3900 Greenland telephone: (+299) 384100 email address and website: USConsulateNuuk@state.gov Homepage - U.S. Embassy Consulate in the Kingdom of Denmark (usembassy.gov)

chief of mission: Kenneth H EGH, Head of Representation (since 1 August 2021) chancery: 3200 Whitehaven Street, NW Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4300 FAX: [1] (202) 328-1470 email address and website: washington@nanoq.gl All Greenlandic Representations | Gr nlands Repr sentation (grl-rep.dk) ; https://naalakkersuisut.gl/en/Naalakkersuisut/Groenlands-repraesentation-Washington note : Greenland also has offices in the Danish consulates in Chicago and New York

chief of state: King FREDERIK X of Denmark (since 14 January 2024), represented by High Commissioner Julie Praest WILCHE (since May 2022) (2024) head of government: Prime Minister Jens-Frederik NIELSEN (since 28 March 2025) cabinet: Self-rule Government (Naalakkersuisut) elected by the Parliament (Inatsisartut) election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; high commissioner appointed by the monarch; premier indirectly elected by Parliament for a 4-year term election results: 2025: Jens-Frederik NIELSEN (D) elected premier 2021: Mute B. EGEDE elected premier; Parliament vote - Mute B. EGEDE (Inuit Ataqatigiit) unanimous 2014: Kim KIELSEN elected premier; Parliament vote - Kim KIELSEN (S) 27.2%, Sara OLSVIG (IA) 25.5%, Randi Vestergaard EVALDSEN (D) 19.5%, other 27.8%

description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red, with a large disk set slightly to the left; the top half of the disk is red, and the bottom is white meaning: the design represents the sun reflecting off a field of ice; the colors are the same as the Danish flag and symbolize Greenland's links to the Kingdom of Denmark

parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Greenland or Inatsisartut)

none (extensive self-rule as part of the Kingdom of Denmark)

Arctic Council, ICC, NC, NIB, UPU

highest court(s): High Court of Greenland (consists of the presiding professional judge and 2 lay assessors) judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Judicial Appointments Council, a 6-member independent body of judges and lawyers; judges appointed for life with retirement at age 70 subordinate courts: Court of Greenland; 18 district or magistrates' courts note: appeals beyond the High Court of Greenland can be heard by the Supreme Court (in Copenhagen)

Denmark's laws apply in some areas, and Greenland's law for the remainder

legislature name: Parliament (Inatsisartut) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 31 (directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 4/6/2021 parties elected and seats per party: IA (12); S (10); N (4); D (3); A (2) percentage of women in chamber: 35% expected date of next election: 2025 note: Greenland elects 2 members to the Danish Parliament to serve 4-year terms

title: "Nunarput utoqqarsuanngoravit" (Our Country, Who's Become So Old) lyrics/music: Henrik LUND/Jonathan PETERSEN history: adopted 1916 _____ title: "Nuna asiilasooq" (The Land of Great Length) lyrics/music: unknown history: adopted 1979, when home rule was granted; the Greenlandic government recognizes this local Kalaallit song as a secondary anthem

red, white

total World Heritage Sites: 3 (2 cultural, 1 natural); note - excerpted from the Denmark entry selected World Heritage Site locales: Ilulissat Icefjord (n); Kujataa, Norse, and Inuit Farming (c); Aasivissuit Nipisat, Inuit Hunting Ground (c)

National Day, June 21 note: marks the summer solstice and the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere

polar bear

Democrats Party (Demokraatit) or D Fellowship Party (Atassut) or A Forward Party (Siumut) or S Inuit Community (Inuit Ataqatigiit) or IA Signpost Party (Naleraq) or N (formerly Partii Naleraq)

18 years of age; universal

Greenland, the world's largest island, is about 80% ice capped. The Inuit came to Greenland from North America in a series of migrations that stretched from 2500 BC to the11th century. Vikings reached the island in the 10th century from Iceland; Danish colonization began in the 18th century, and Greenland became part of the Kingdom of Denmark in 1953. It joined the European Community (now the EU) with Denmark in 1973 but withdrew in 1985 over a dispute centered on stringent fishing quotas. Greenland remains a member of the EU's Overseas Countries and Territories Association. The Danish parliament granted Greenland home rule in 1979; the law went into effect the following year. Greenland voted in favor of self-government in 2008 and acquired greater responsibility for internal affairs when the Act on Greenland Self-Government was signed into law in 2009. The Kingdom of Denmark, however, continues to exercise control over several policy areas on behalf of Greenland, including foreign affairs, security, and financial policy, in consultation with Greenland's Self-Rule Government.

the Danish military s Joint Arctic Command in Nuuk is responsible for coordinating Denmark's defense of Greenland the US Space Force maintains a base on Greenland s northwest coast, about 750 miles from the North Pole

no regular military forces

0-14 years: 20.4% (male 5,964/female 5,798) 15-64 years: 67.1% (male 20,050/female 18,711) 65 years and over: 12.5% (2024 est.) (male 3,829/female 3,399)

13.32 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

38.8% (2022 est.)

9.29 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

total dependency ratio: 49 (2024 est.) youth dependency ratio: 30.3 (2024 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 18.6 (2024 est.) potential support ratio: 5.4 (2024 est.)

total: 100% of population (2022 est.) total: 0% of population (2022 est.)

10.2% of GDP (2019 est.)

Greenlandic 88.1%, Danish 7.1%, Filipino 1.6%, other Nordic peoples 0.9%, and other 2.3% (2024 est.) note: data represent population by country of birth

0.91 (2025 est.)

total: 8.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 9.9 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births

Greenlandic, Danish, English note: West Greenlandic or Kalaallisut is the official language; Tunumiisut (East Greenlandic) and Inuktun (Polar Inuit Greenlandic) are considered dialects of Kalaallisut and spoken by about 10% of Greenlanders

total population: 74.5 years (2024 est.) male: 71.8 years female: 77.3 years

18,000 NUUK (capital) (2018)

total: 35.6 years (2025 est.) male: 35.9 years female: 34.7 years

noun: Greenlander(s) adjective: Greenlandic

-4.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

1.87 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

total: 57,751 (2024 est.) male: 29,843 female: 27,908

settlement concentrated on the southwest shoreline, with limited settlements scattered along the remaining coast; interior is uninhabited

-0.08% (2025 est.)

Evangelical Lutheran, traditional Inuit spiritual beliefs

total: 62.5% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 37.5% of population (2022 est.)

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.13 male(s)/female total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

1.87 children born/woman (2025 est.)

urban population: 87.9% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

25 (2025)

OY-H

54 (2025)

total: 10 (2023) by type: other 10

total ports: 23 (2024) large: 0 medium: 0 small: 7 very small: 10 size unknown: 6 ports with oil terminals: 5 key ports: Aasiaat, Illulissat (Jakobshavn), Kusanartoq, Nuuk, Paamuit (Frederikshab), Qeqertarsuaq, Sisimiut