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Communications

Broadband - fixed subscriptions [time series]

total: 3,784,684 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2018 est.)

Broadcast media [time series]

Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP), the publicly owned TV broadcaster, operates 4 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations

Internet country code [time series]

.pt

Internet users [time series]

total: 7,731,411 | percent of population: 74.66% (July 2018 est.)

Telecommunication systems [time series]

general assessment: telephone system has a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities; FttP in 2020; 3G universal and 4G upgrades; regulator release 700MHz spectrum for 5G use; DSL moves to fiber services; FttP for over 5 million customers in 2020 providing national coverage; fiber subscriber base grows 24% in 2018; development in M-payment solutions (2020) | domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations; fixed-line 50 per 100 persons and mobile-cellular 116 per 100 persons (2019) | international: country code - 351; landing points for the Ella Link, BUGIO, EIG, SAT-3/WASC, SeaMeWe-3, Equino, MainOne, Tat TGN-Western Europe, WACS, ACE, Atlantis2 and Columbus-III submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, South America and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores (2019) | note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 5,179,685 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 50.15 (2019 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total subscriptions: 12,028,436 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 116.46 (2019 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

grain, potatoes, tomatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, dairy products; fish

Budget [time series]

revenues: 93.55 billion (2017 est.) | expenditures: 100 billion (2017 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Credit ratings [time series]

Fitch rating: BBB (2007) | Moody's rating: Baa3 (2018) | Standard & Poors rating: BBB (2019)

Current account balance [time series]

-$203 million (2019 est.) | $988 million (2018 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$449 billion (31 March 2016 est.) | $447 billion (31 March 2015 est.)

Ease of Doing Business Index scores [time series]

90.9 (2020)

Economic overview [time series]

Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community - the EU's predecessor - in 1986. Over the following two decades, successive governments privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country joined the Economic and Monetary Union in 1999 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU members. The economy grew by more than the EU average for much of the 1990s, but the rate of growth slowed in 2001-08. After the global financial crisis in 2008, Portugal’s economy contracted in 2009 and fell into recession from 2011 to 2013, as the government implemented spending cuts and tax increases to comply with conditions of an EU-IMF financial rescue package, signed in May 2011. Portugal successfully exited its EU-IMF program in May 2014, and its economic recovery gained traction in 2015 because of strong exports and a rebound in private consumption. GDP growth accelerated in 2016, and probably reached 2.5 % in 2017. Unemployment remained high, at 9.7% in 2017, but has improved steadily since peaking at 18% in 2013. The center-left minority Socialist government has unwound some unpopular austerity measures while managing to remain within most EU fiscal targets. The budget deficit fell from 11.2% of GDP in 2010 to 1.8% in 2017, the country’s lowest since democracy was restored in 1974, and surpassing the EU and IMF projections of 3%. Portugal exited the EU’s excessive deficit procedure in mid-2017.

Exchange rates [time series]

euros (EUR) per US dollar - | 0.82771 (2020 est.) | 0.90338 (2019 est.) | 0.87789 (2018 est.) | 0.7525 (2014 est.) | 0.7634 (2013 est.)

Exports [time series]

$114.512 billion (2019 est.) | $110.591 billion (2018 est.) | $106.201 billion (2017 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

agricultural products, foodstuffs, wine, oil products, chemical products, plastics and rubber, hides, leather, wood and cork, wood pulp and paper, textile materials, clothing, footwear, machinery and tools, base metals

Exports - partners [time series]

Spain 25.2%, France 12.5%, Germany 11.3%, UK 6.6%, US 5.2%, Netherlands 4% (2017)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$237.698 billion (2019 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity) - real) [time series]

$307.045 billion (2019 est.) | $300.33 billion (2018 est.) | $292.01 billion (2017 est.) | note: data are in 2010 dollars

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 65.1% (2017 est.) | government consumption: 17.6% (2017 est.) | investment in fixed capital: 16.2% (2017 est.) | investment in inventories: 0.1% (2017 est.) | exports of goods and services: 43.1% (2017 est.) | imports of goods and services: -42.1% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 2.2% (2017 est.) | industry: 22.1% (2017 est.) | services: 75.7% (2017 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$24,808 (2019 est.) | $24,195 (2018 est.) | $23,451 (2017 est.) | note: data are in 2010 dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP real growth rate) [time series]

2.24% (2019 est.) | 2.85% (2018 est.) | 3.51% (2017 est.)

Gross national saving [time series]

16.8% of GDP (2017 est.) | 16.1% of GDP (2016 est.) | 15.9% of GDP (2015 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 2.6% | highest 10%: 25.9% (2015 est.)

Imports [time series]

$120.334 billion (2019 est.) | $114.957 billion (2018 est.) | $109.515 billion (2017 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

agricultural products, chemical products, vehicles and other transport material, optical and precision instruments, computer accessories and parts, semiconductors and related devices, oil products, base metals, food products, textile materials

Imports - partners [time series]

Spain 32%, Germany 13.7%, France 7.4%, Italy 5.5%, Netherlands 5.4% (2017)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

3.5% (2017 est.)

Industries [time series]

textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism, plastics, financial services, optics

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

0.3% (2019 est.) | 0.9% (2018 est.) | 1.3% (2017 est.)

Labor force [time series]

4.717 million (2020 est.)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 8.6% | industry: 23.9% | services: 67.5% (2014 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

19% (2015 est.)

Public debt [time series]

125.7% of GDP (2017 est.) | 129.9% of GDP (2016 est.) | note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$26.11 billion (31 December 2017 est.) | $19.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

42.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

6.55% (2019 est.) | 7.05% (2018 est.)

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

54.97 million Mt (2017 est.)

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - imports [time series]

285,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2018 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity - consumption [time series]

46.94 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - exports [time series]

9.701 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

41% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

25% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

35% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

4.616 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

20.56 million kW (2016 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

56.9 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity access [time series]

electrification - total population: 100% (2020)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

6.258 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - imports [time series]

6.541 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

247,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

143,500 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

78,700 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

323,000 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 92,090 sq km | land: 91,470 sq km | water: 620 sq km | note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Virginia | Area comparison map: The World Factbook Field Image Modal × Europe :: Portugal Print Image Description slightly smaller than Virginia

Climate [time series]

maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Coastline [time series]

1,793 km

Elevation [time series]

mean elevation: 372 m | lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in urban centers and coastal areas

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification

Geographic coordinates [time series]

39 30 N, 8 00 W

Geography - note [time series]

Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar; they are two of the four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are the Canary Islands (Spain) and Cabo Verde

Irrigated land [time series]

5,400 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,224 km | border countries (1): Spain 1224 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 39.7% (2011 est.) | arable land: 11.9% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 7.8% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 20% (2011 est.) | forest: 37.8% (2011 est.) | other: 22.5% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm | exclusive economic zone: 200 nm | contiguous zone: 24 nm | continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Natural hazards [time series]

Azores subject to severe earthquakes volcanism: limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira

Natural resources [time series]

fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower

Population distribution [time series]

concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities

Terrain [time series]

the west-flowing Tagus River divides the country: the north is mountainous toward the interior, while the south is characterized by rolling plains

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu

Capital [time series]

name: Lisbon | geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | note: Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1) etymology: Lisbon is one of Europe's oldest cities (the second oldest capital city after Athens) and the origin of the name is lost in time; it may have been founded as an ancient Celtic settlement that subsequently maintained close commercial relations with the Phoenicians (beginning about 1200 B.C.); the name of the settlement may have been derived from the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus River that runs through the city, Lisso or Lucio; the Romans named the city "Olisippo" when they took it from the Carthaginians in 205 B.C.; under the Visigoths the city name became "Ulixbona," under the Arabs it was "al-Ushbuna"; the medieval version of "Lissabona" became today's Lisboa

Citizenship [time series]

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Portugal | dual citizenship recognized: yes | residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years; 6 years if from a Portuguese-speaking country

Constitution [time series]

history: several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976 | amendments: proposed by the Assembly of the Republic; adoption requires two-thirds majority vote of Assembly members; amended several times, last in 2005

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Portuguese Republic | conventional short form: Portugal | local long form: Republica Portuguesa | local short form: Portugal | etymology: name derives from the Roman designation "Portus Cale" meaning "Port of Cale"; Cale was an ancient Celtic town and port in present-day northern Portugal

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador George E. GLASS (since 25 August 2017) | telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300 | embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon | mailing address: Apartado 43033, 1601-301 Lisboa; PSC 83, APO AE 09726 | FAX: [351] (21) 726-9109 | consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores)

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Domingos Teixeira de Abreu FEZAS VITAL (since 28 January 2016) | chancery: 2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 | telephone: [1] (202) 332-3007 | FAX: [1] (202) 223-3926 | consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, San Francisco | consulate(s): New Bedford (MA), Newark (NJ), Providence (RI)

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (since 9 March 2016) | head of government: Prime Minister Antonio Luis Santos da COSTA (since 24 November 2015) | cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 24 January 2016 (next to be held on 31 January 2021); following legislative elections the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president | election results: Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA elected president in the first round; percent of vote - Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (PSD) 52%, Antonio Sampaio da NOVOA (independent) 22.9%, Marisa MATIAS (BE) 10.1%, Maria de BELEM (independent) 4.2%, other 10.8% | note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and Portuguese shield) centered on the dividing line; explanations for the color meanings are ambiguous, but a popular interpretation has green symbolizing hope and red the blood of those defending the nation

Government type [time series]

semi-presidential republic

Independence [time series]

1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 1 December 1640 (independence reestablished following 60 years of Spanish rule); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)

International law organization participation [time series]

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch [time series]

highest courts: Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court justices nominated by the president and appointed by the Assembly of the Republic; judges can serve for life; Constitutional Court judges - 10 elected by the Assembly and 3 elected by the other Constitutional Court judges; judges elected for 6-year nonrenewable terms | subordinate courts: Supreme Administrative Court (Supremo Tribunal Administrativo); Audit Court (Tribunal de Contas); appellate, district, and municipal courts

Legal system [time series]

civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

description: unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; 226 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by closed-list proportional representation vote and 4 members - 2 each in 2 constituencies representing Portuguese living abroad - directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) (e.g. 2019) | elections: last held on 6 October 2019 (next to be held 2023) (e.g. 2019) | election results: percent of vote by party - PS 36.4%, PSD 27.8%, B.E. 9.5%, CDU 6.5%, other 20.8%; seats by party - PS 108, PSD 79, B.E. 19, CDU 12, other 12; composition - men 158, women 72, percent of women 31.3% (e.g. 2019)

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "A Portugesa" (The Song of the Portuguese) | lyrics/music: Henrique LOPES DE MENDOCA/Alfredo KEIL | note: adopted 1910; "A Portuguesa" was originally written to protest the Portuguese monarchy's acquiescence to the 1890 British ultimatum forcing Portugal to give up areas of Africa; the lyrics refer to the "insult" that resulted from the event

National holiday [time series]

Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis DE CAMOES (1524-80) died

National symbol(s) [time series]

armillary sphere (a spherical astrolabe modeling objects in the sky and representing the Republic); national colors: red, green

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party (Partido do Centro Democratico Social-Partido Popular) or CDS-PP [Assuncao CRISTAS] Ecologist Party "The Greens" or "Os Verdes" (Partido Ecologista-Os Verdes) or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA] People-Animals-Nature Party (Pessoas-Animais-Natureza) or PAN [Andre SILVA] Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Portugues) or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata) or PSD (original name Partido Popular Democratico) or PPD [Rui RIO] Socialist Party (Partido Socialista) or PS [Antonio COSTA] The Left Bloc (Bloco de Esquerda) or BE or O Bloco [Catarina MARTINS] Unitary Democratic Coalition (Coligacao Democratica Unitaria) or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes PCP and PEV)

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Following its heyday as a global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, and for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.

Military and Security

Military and security forces [time series]

Portuguese Armed Forces: Portuguese Army (Exercito Portuguesa), Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), Portuguese Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP); Portuguese National Republican Guard (Guarda Nacional Republicana, GNR) (2019) | note: the GNR is a national gendarmerie force comprised of military personnel with law enforcement, internal security, civil defense, disaster response, and coast guard duties; it is responsible to the Minister of Internal Administration and to the Minister of National Defense; in the event of war or crisis, it may be placed under the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces

Military and security service personnel strengths [time series]

the Portuguese Armed Forces have approximately 26,500 active duty personnel (13,000 Army; 7,500 Navy; 6,000 Air Force); 24,700 National Republican Guard (military personnel) (2019 est.)

Military deployments [time series]

190 Afghanistan (NATO); 200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA/EUTM); up to 120 Baltic States (NATO) (2020)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions [time series]

the Portuguese Armed Forces inventory includes mostly European and US-origin weapons systems along with a smaller mix of domestically-produced equipment; since 2010, Germany and the US are the leading suppliers of armaments to Portugal; Portugal's defense industry is primarily focused on shipbuilding (2019 est.)

Military expenditures [time series]

1.52% of GDP (2019 est.) | 1.43% of GDP (2018) | 1.25% of GDP (2017) | 1.27% of GDP (2016) | 1.33% of GDP (2015)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18-30 years of age for voluntary or contract military service; no compulsory military service, but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1992, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; contract service lasts for an initial period from two to six years, and can be extended to a maximum of 20 years of service. Voluntary military service lasts 12 months; reserve obligation to age 35 (2017)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 13.58% (male 716,102/female 682,582) | 15-24 years: 10.94% (male 580,074/female 547,122) | 25-54 years: 41.49% (male 2,109,693/female 2,164,745) | 55-64 years: 13.08% (male 615,925/female 731,334) | 65 years and over: 20.92% (male 860,198/female 1,294,899) (2020 est.) | population pyramid: The World Factbook Field Image Modal × Europe :: Portugal Print Image Description This is the population pyramid for Portugal. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Birth rate [time series]

8.1 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

73.9% (2014)

Current health expenditure (Current Health Expenditure) [time series]

9% (2017)

Death rate [time series]

10.8 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 55.8 | youth dependency ratio: 20.3 | elderly dependency ratio: 35.5 | potential support ratio: 2.8 (2020 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

5% of GDP (2017)

Ethnic groups [time series]

white homogeneous Mediterranean population; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990, Eastern Europeans have migrated to Portugal

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.5% (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

<500 (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

41,000 (2018 est.)

Hospital bed density [time series]

3.4 beds/1,000 population (2017)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 2.6 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 3 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 2.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)

Languages [time series]

Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 81.1 years | male: 77.9 years | female: 84.4 years (2020 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 96.1% | male: 97.4% | female: 95.1% (2018)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

2.957 million LISBON (capital), 1.313 million Porto (2020)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Median age [time series]

total: 44.6 years | male: 42.7 years | female: 46.5 years (2020 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

29.6 years (2017 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Portuguese (singular and plural) | adjective: Portuguese

Net migration rate [time series]

0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

20.8% (2016)

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

5.12 physicians/1,000 population (2017)

Population [time series]

10,302,674 (July 2020 est.)

Population distribution [time series]

concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities

Population growth rate [time series]

-0.25% (2020 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 81%, other Christian 3.3%, other (includes Jewish, Muslim) 0.6%, none 6.8%, unspecified 8.3% (2011 est.) | note: represents population 15 years of age and older

Sanitation facility access [time series]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 17 years | male: 17 years | female: 17 years (2018)

Sex ratio [time series]

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.41 children born/woman (2020 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 20.3% | male: 19.8% | female: 20.9% (2018 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 66.3% of total population (2020) | rate of urbanization: 0.47% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.) | total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030: PDF

Terrorism

Terrorist group(s) [time series]

Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) (2019)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz

Illicit drugs [time series]

seizing record amounts of Latin American cocaine destined for Europe; a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

stateless persons: 14 (2019)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

64 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 43 (2017) | over 3,047 m: 5 (2017) | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 (2017) | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 (2017) | 914 to 1,523 m: 15 (2017) | under 914 m: 8 (2017)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 21 (2013) | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013) | under 914 m: 20 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]

CR, CS (2016)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 624 | by type: bulk carrier 65, container ship 249, general cargo 99, oil tanker 21, other 190 (2019)

National air transport system [time series]

number of registered air carriers: 10 (2020) | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 168 | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 17,367,956 (2018) | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 454.21 million mt-km (2018)

Pipelines [time series]

1344 km gas, 11 km oil, 188 km refined products (2013)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

major seaport(s): Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines | container port(s) (TEUs): Sines (1,669,057) (2017) | LNG terminal(s) (import): Sines

Railways [time series]

total: 3,075 km (2014) | narrow gauge: 108.1 km 1.000-m gauge (2014) | broad gauge: 2,439 km 1.668-m gauge (1,633.4 km electrified) (2014) | other: 528 km (gauge unspecified) (2014)

Roadways [time series]

total: 82,900 km (2008) | paved: 71,294 km (includes 2,613 km of expressways) (2008) | unpaved: 11,606 km (2008)

Waterways [time series]

210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2011)