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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

the publicly-owned TV broadcaster operates 2 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly-owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately-owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations (2008)

Internet country code [time series]

.pt

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

3.267 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 28

Internet users [time series]

5.168 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 45

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: Portugal's telephone system has a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations international: country code - 351; a combination of submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, North and East Africa, South Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores (2008)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

4.485 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 36

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

15.195 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 50

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

grain, potatoes, tomatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, dairy products; fish

Budget [time series]

revenues: $95.4 billion expenditures: $116.5 billion (2010 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-9.2% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 193

Central bank discount rate [time series]

1.75% (31 December 2010) country comparison to the world: 125 1.75% (31 December 2009) note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

4.225% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 166 4.694% (31 December 2009 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

-$22.61 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 187 -$25.6 billion (2009 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$548.3 billion (30 June 2011) country comparison to the world: 21 $497.8 billion (30 June 2010)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

38.5 (2007) country comparison to the world: 73 35.6 (1995)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community - the EU's predecessor - in 1986. Over the past two decades, successive governments have privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country qualified for the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU members. The economy had grown by more than the EU average for much of the 1990s, but fell back in 2001-08, and contracted 2.6% in 2009, before growing 1% in 2010. GDP per capita stands at roughly two-thirds of the EU-27 average. A poor educational system and a rigid labor market have been obstacles to greater productivity and growth. Portugal also has been increasingly overshadowed by lower-cost producers in Central Europe and Asia as a destination for foreign direct investment. Portugal's low competitiveness, low growth prospects, and high levels of public debt have made it vulnerable to bond market turbulence. The government is implementing austerity measures, including a 5% public salary cut which went into effect on January 1, 2011 and a 2% increase in the value-added tax, to reduce the budget deficit from 9.3% of GDP in 2009 to 4.6% in 2011, but some investors have expressed concern about the government's ability to achieve these targets and cover its sovereign debt. Without the option for stimulus measures, the government is focusing instead on boosting exports and implementing labor market reforms to try to raise GDP growth and increase Portugal's competitiveness - which, over time, may help mitigate investor concerns.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

48.27 billion kWh (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 47

Electricity - exports [time series]

2.822 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

4.776 billion kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

46.53 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 51

Exchange rates [time series]

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.755 (2010) 0.7198 (2009) 0.6827 (2008) 0.7345 (2007) 0.7964 (2006)

Exports [time series]

$48.91 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 57 $44.67 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

agricultural products, food products, wine, oil products, chemical products, plastics and rubber, hides, leather, wood and cork, wood pulp and paper, textile materials, clothing, footwear, machinery and tools

Exports - partners [time series]

Spain 26.8%, Germany 13.1%, France 11.9%, UK 5.5%, Angola 5.2% (2010)

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$229.3 billion (2010 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$247 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 50 $243.6 billion (2009 est.) $249.8 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 2.5% industry: 22.9% services: 74.7% (2010 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$23,000 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 57 $22,800 (2009 est.) $23,400 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

1.4% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 162 -2.5% (2009 est.) 0% (2008 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 3.1% highest 10%: 28.4% (1995 est.)

Imports [time series]

$72.67 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 38 $69.5 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

agricultural products, chemical products, vehicles and other transport material, and optical and precision instruments, computer accessories and parts, semi-conductors and related devices

Imports - partners [time series]

Spain 31.3%, Germany 13.8%, France 7.3%, Italy 5.7%, Netherlands 5.2% (2010)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

1.6% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 138

Industries [time series]

textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper, chemicals, auto-parts manufacturing, base metals, dairy products, wine and other foods, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

1.4% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 42 -0.8% (2009 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

19% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 130

Labor force [time series]

5.581 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 66

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 11.7% industry: 28.5% services: 59.8% (2009 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$82 billion (31 December 2010) country comparison to the world: 41 $98.65 billion (31 December 2009) $68.71 billion (31 December 2008)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

5.161 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 59

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 161

Natural gas - imports [time series]

5.122 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 33

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 114

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 181

Oil - consumption [time series]

277,400 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 49

Oil - exports [time series]

49,650 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 80

Oil - imports [time series]

294,600 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 37

Oil - production [time series]

4,721 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 95

Oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 179

Population below poverty line [time series]

18% (2006)

Public debt [time series]

93% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 13 83% of GDP (2009 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$21 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 57 $16.03 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$319.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 26 $311 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$64.25 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 31 $68.47 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$110.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 32 $114.7 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$556.3 billion (31 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 25 $490.8 billion (31 December 2008 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$95.9 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 31 $103.8 billion (31 December 2009 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

41.6% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 36

Unemployment rate [time series]

10.8% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 118 9.5% (2009 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 92,090 sq km country comparison to the world: 111 land: 91,470 sq km water: 620 sq km note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Indiana

Climate [time series]

maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Coastline [time series]

1,793 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 11.09 cu km/yr (10%/12%/78%) per capita: 1,056 cu m/yr (1998)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

39 30 N, 8 00 W

Geography - note [time series]

Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

Irrigated land [time series]

5,840 sq km (2008)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,214 km border countries: Spain 1,214 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 17.29% permanent crops: 7.84% other: 74.87% (2005)

Location [time series]

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Natural hazards [time series]

Azores subject to severe earthquakes volcanism: Portugal experiences limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (elev. 1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira

Natural resources [time series]

fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower

Terrain [time series]

mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south

Total renewable water resources [time series]

73.6 cu km (2005)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu

Capital [time series]

name: Lisbon geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Constitution [time series]

adopted 2 April 1976; subsequently revised note: the revisions placed the military under strict civilian control, trimmed the powers of the president, and laid the groundwork for a stable, pluralistic liberal democracy; they allowed for the privatization of nationalized firms and government-owned communications media

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Portuguese Republic conventional short form: Portugal local long form: Republica Portuguesa local short form: Portugal

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Allan J. KATZ embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon mailing address: Apartado 43033, 1601-301 Lisboa; PSC 83, APO AE 09726 telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300 FAX: [351] (21) 726-9109 consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores)

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Nuno Filipe Alves Salvador e BRITO chancery: 2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 328-8610 FAX: [1] (202) 462-3726 consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), San Francisco consulate(s): New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island)

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 9 March 2006) head of government: Prime Minister Pedro Manuel Mamede PASSOS COELHO (since 21 June 2011) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 January 2011 (next to be held in January 2016); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president election results: Anibal CAVACO SILVA reelected president; percent of vote - Anibal CAVACO SILVA 53%, Manuel ALEGRE 19.8%, Fernando NOBRE 14.1%, Francisco LOPES 7.1%, Manuel COELHO 4.5%, Defensor MOURA 1.6%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and Portuguese shield) centered on the dividing line; explanations for the color meanings are ambiguous, but a popular interpretation has green symbolizing hope and red the blood of those defending the nation

Government type [time series]

republic; parliamentary democracy

Independence [time series]

1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)

International law organization participation [time series]

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, Union Latina, UNMIT, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal de Justica); judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura

Legal system [time series]

civil law system; Constitutional Tribunal review of legislative acts

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 5 June 2011 (next to be held in 2015) election results: percent of vote by party - PPD/PSD 38%, PS 28%, CDS/PP 11%, PCP/PEV 7%, BE 5%; seats by party - PPD/PSD 108, PS 74, CDS/PP 24, PCP/PEV 16, BE 8

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "A Portugesa" (The Song of the Portuguese) lyrics/music: Henrique LOPES DE MENDOCA/Alfredo KEIL note: adopted 1910; "A Portuguesa" was originally written to protest the Portuguese monarchy's acquiescence to the 1890 British ultimatum forcing Portugal to give up areas of Africa; the lyrics refer to the "insult" that resulted from the event

National holiday [time series]

Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes (1524-80) died

National symbol(s) [time series]

armillary sphere (a spherical astrolabe modeling objects in the sky)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party or CDS/PP [Paulo PORTAS]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pedro Manuel PASSOS COELHO]; Socialist Party or PS [Antonio de Almeida SANTOS]; The Left Bloc or BE; Unitarian Democratic Coalition or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes Portuguese Communist Party or PCP and Ecologist Party ("The Greens") or PEV)

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

the media; labor unions

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Following its heyday as a global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of its wealthiest colony of Brazil in 1822. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986. In January 2011, Portugal assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2011-12 term.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 2,566,264 females age 16-49: 2,458,297 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 2,103,080 females age 16-49: 2,018,004 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 62,208 female: 54,786 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Portuguese Army (Exercito Portuguesa), Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), Portuguese Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP) (2011)

Military expenditures [time series]

2.3% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 65

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1993, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; reserve obligation to age 35 (2010)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 16.2% (male 910,012/female 835,025) 15-64 years: 65.8% (male 3,539,457/female 3,541,989) 65 years and over: 18% (male 791,950/female 1,141,872) (2011 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

9.94 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 194

Death rate [time series]

10.8 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 42

Drinking water source [time series]

improved: urban: 99% of population rural: 100% of population total: 99% of population unimproved: urban: 1% of population rural: 0% of population total: 1% of population (2008)

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

4.4% of GDP (2008) country comparison to the world: 88

Ethnic groups [time series]

homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.6% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 63

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

fewer than 500 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 96

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

42,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 60

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

11.3% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 17

Hospital bed density [time series]

3.37 beds/1,000 population (2008) country comparison to the world: 63

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 4.66 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 188 male: 5.11 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

Languages [time series]

Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 78.54 years country comparison to the world: 49 male: 75.28 years female: 82.01 years (2011 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 93.3% male: 95.5% female: 91.3% (2003 est.)

Major urban areas - population (Major cities - population) [time series]

LISBON (capital) 2.808 million; Porto 1.344 million (2009)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

7 deaths/100,000 live births (2008) country comparison to the world: 158

Median age [time series]

total: 40 years male: 38 years female: 42.3 years (2011 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Portuguese (singular and plural) adjective: Portuguese

Net migration rate [time series]

2.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

14.2% (2005) country comparison to the world: 40

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

3.755 physicians/1,000 population (2009) country comparison to the world: 17

Population [time series]

10,760,305 (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 75

Population growth rate [time series]

0.212% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 179

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 84.5%, other Christian 2.2%, other 0.3%, unknown 9%, none 3.9% (2001 census)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population (2008)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 16 years male: 16 years female: 16 years (2008)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.067 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.5 children born/woman (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 185

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 20% country comparison to the world: 57 male: 18.6% female: 21.6% (2009)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 61% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz

Illicit drugs [time series]

seizing record amounts of Latin American cocaine destined for Europe; a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

Transportation

Airports [time series]

65 (2010) country comparison to the world: 77

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 43 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 13 under 914 m: 10 (2010)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 22 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 21 (2010)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 111 country comparison to the world: 47 by type: bulk carrier 8, cargo 33, carrier 1, chemical tanker 17, container 8, liquefied gas 9, passenger 13, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 7, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 9 foreign-owned: 80 (Belgium 8, Denmark 4, Germany 13, Greece 5, Italy 10, Japan 9, Mexico 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 1, Spain 15, Sweden 6, Switzerland 3, US 4) registered in other countries: 14 (Cyprus 2, Malta 3, Panama 9) (2010)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 1,307 km; oil 11 km; refined products 188 km (2010)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines

Railways [time series]

total: 3,319 km country comparison to the world: 53 broad gauge: 2,700 km 1.668-m gauge (1,436 km electrified) narrow gauge: 192 km 1.000-m gauge; 427 km 0.760-m gauge (2010)

Roadways [time series]

total: 82,900 km country comparison to the world: 56 paved: 71,294 km (includes 2,613 km of expressways) unpaved: 11,606 km (2008)

Waterways [time series]

210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2010) country comparison to the world: 96