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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

state-controlled Radio Television Nationale de Burundi (RTNB) operates a TV station and a national radio network; 3 private TV stations and about 10 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in Bujumbura (2017)

Internet country code [time series]

.bi

Internet users [time series]

total: 574,236 | percent of population: 5.2% (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 165

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relays | domestic: telephone density one of the lowest in the world; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is approaching 50 per 100 persons | international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2016)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 19,540 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: less than 1 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 182

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total: 5,357,816 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 48 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 138

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

coffee, cotton, tea, corn, beans, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, cassava (manioc, tapioca); beef, milk, hides

Budget [time series]

revenues: $528.4 million | expenditures: $669.6 million (2016 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-4.5% of GDP (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 147

Central bank discount rate [time series]

11.25% (31 December 2010) | 10% (31 December 2009) | country comparison to the world: 17

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

14.24% (31 December 2016 est.) | 15.33% (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49

Current account balance [time series]

$-411 million (2016 est.) | $-374.7 million (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 95

Debt - external [time series]

$622.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) | $626 million (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 175

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

42.4 (1998) | country comparison to the world: 50

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. Agriculture accounts for over 40% of GDP and employs more than 90% of the population. Burundi's primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for more than 60% of foreign exchange earnings. Thus, Burundi's export earnings - and its ability to pay for imports - rest primarily on favorable weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices, although exports are a relatively small share of GDP. Burundi is heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors. Foreign aid represented 48% of Burundi's national income in 2015, one of the highest percentages in Sub-Saharan Africa, but decreased to 33.5% in 2016. Burundi joined the East African Community (EAC) in 2009. | The 1993-2005 civil war resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced more than 48,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Political stability, aid flows, and economic activity improved following the war’s end, but underlying weaknesses – low governmental capacity, a high poverty rate, poor educational levels, a weak legal system, a poor transportation network, and overburdened utilities – have prevented the implementation of planned economic reforms. Government corruption has also hindered the development of a private sector. The purchasing power of most Burundians has decreased as wage increases have not kept pace with inflation. | In 2015, Burundi’s economy suffered from political turmoil, including street protests and an attempted coup, following President NKURUNZIZA’s controversial announcement that he would run for a third term. Insecurity and refugee flows to neighboring countries slowed down economic activity and donors withdrew aid, increasing Burundi’s budget deficit and decreasing hard currency reserves. Real GDP growth dropped precipitously and has yet to recover to pre-conflict levels.

Exchange rates [time series]

Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar - | 1,654.63 (2016 est.) | 1,654.63 (2015 est.) | 1,571.9 (2014 est.) | 1,546.7 (2013 est.) | 1,442.51 (2012 est.)

Exports [time series]

$109.7 million (2016 est.) | $120.8 million (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 194

Exports - commodities [time series]

coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides

Exports - partners [time series]

Democratic Republic of the Congo 30.6%, UAE 15.7%, Kenya 14.5%, Rwanda 7.2% (2016)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$3.138 billion (2016 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$7.849 billion (2016 est.) | $7.831 billion (2015 est.) | $8.066 billion (2014 est.) | note: data are in 2016 dollars | country comparison to the world: 163

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 39.8% | industry: 16.6% | services: 43.7% (2016 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$800 (2016 est.) | $800 (2015 est.) | $900 (2014 est.) | note: data are in 2016 dollars | country comparison to the world: 227

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

-1% (2016 est.) | -4% (2015 est.) | 4.5% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 196

Gross national saving [time series]

-4.1% of GDP (2016 est.) | -6.7% of GDP (2015 est.) | -3.4% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 170

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 4.1% | highest 10%: 28% (2006)

Imports [time series]

$509.4 million (2016 est.) | $595.9 million (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 192

Imports - commodities [time series]

capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs

Imports - partners [time series]

China 13.3%, India 13%, Tanzania 8.6%, Saudi Arabia 7.9%, Kenya 7.5%, UAE 5.2%, Uganda 5% (2016)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

-7.1% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 193

Industries [time series]

light consumer goods (sugar, shoes, soap, beer); cement, assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing (fruits)

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

5.5% (2016 est.) | 5.5% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 177

Labor force [time series]

4.842 million (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 84

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 93.6% | industry: 2.3% | services: 4.1% (2002 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA

Population below poverty line [time series]

64.6% (2014 est.)

Public debt [time series]

43.4% of GDP (2016 est.) | 39.6% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 121

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$95.17 million (31 December 2016 est.) | $136.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 165

Stock of broad money [time series]

$612.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) | $571.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 181

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$955.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) | $851.3 million (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 167

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$456.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) | $397.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 169

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

16.9% of GDP (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 175

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

300,000 Mt (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 193

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 102

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105

Crude oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 116

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2017 es) | country comparison to the world: 115

Electricity - consumption [time series]

303.9 million kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 184

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 114

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

13.2% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 200

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

83.8% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 13

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 60

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

4.4% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 101

Electricity - imports [time series]

90 million kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 98

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

68,000 kW (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 187

Electricity - production [time series]

230 million kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 185

Electricity access [time series]

population without electricity: 9,700,000 | electrification - total population: 5% | electrification - urban areas: 28% | electrification - rural areas: 2% (2013)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 163

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 77

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 100

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 115

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2014 es) | country comparison to the world: 121

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

1,500 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 199

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 138

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

1,636 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 192

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 124

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 27,830 sq km | land: 25,680 sq km | water: 2,150 sq km | country comparison to the world: 147

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Maryland

Climate [time series]

equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees Celsius but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation [time series]

mean elevation: 1,504 m | elevation extremes: lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m | highest point: Heha 2,670 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Geographic coordinates [time series]

3 30 S, 30 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile

Irrigated land [time series]

230 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,140 km | border countries (3): Democratic Republic of the Congo 236 km, Rwanda 315 km, Tanzania 589 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 73.3% | arable land 38.9%; permanent crops 15.6%; permanent pasture 18.8% | forest: 6.6% | other: 20.1% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Central Africa, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, west of Tanzania

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

flooding; landslides; drought

Natural resources [time series]

nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone

Population distribution (Population - distribution) [time series]

one of Africa's most densely populated countries; concentrations tend to be in the north and along the northern shore of Lake Tanganyika in the west; most people live on farms near areas of fertile volcanic soil

Terrain [time series]

hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

18 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rural, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rumonge, Rutana, Ruyigi

Capital [time series]

name: Bujumbura | geographic coordinates: 3 22 S, 29 21 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship [time series]

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Burundi | dual citizenship recognized: no | residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Constitution [time series]

history: several previous; latest ratified by referendum 28 February 2005 | amendments: proposed by the president of the republic after consultation with the government or by absolute majority support of the membership in both houses of Parliament; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Senate membership and at least four-fifths majority vote by the National Assembly; the president can opt to submit amendment bills to a referendum; constitutional articles including those on national unity, the secularity of Burundi, its democratic form of government, and its sovereignty cannot be amended (2017)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Burundi | conventional short form: Burundi | local long form: Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi | local short form: Burundi | former: Urundi | etymology: name derived from the pre-colonial Kingdom of Burundi (17th-19th century)

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Anne S. CASPER (since 20 October 2016) | embassy: Avenue Des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura | mailing address: B.P. 1720, Bujumbura | telephone: [257] 22-207-000 | FAX: [257] 22-222-926

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge D’Affaires Benjamin MANIRAKIZA (since 7 December 2017) | chancery: 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 408, Washington, DC 20007 | telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574 | FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Gaston SINDIMWO (since 20 August 2015); Second Vice President Joseph BUTORE (since 20 August 2015); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government | head of government: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Gaston SINDIMWO (since 20 August 2015); Second Vice President Joseph BUTORE (since 20 August 2015) | cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 July 2015(next to be held in 2020); vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by Parliament | election results: Pierre NKURUNZIZA reelected president; percent of vote - Pierre NKURUNZIZA (CNDD-FDD) 69.4%, Agathon RWASA (Independents of Hope - Amizerio y'Abarundi) 19%, other 11.6%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and fly side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below); green symbolizes hope and optimism, white purity and peace, and red the blood shed in the struggle for independence; the three stars in the disk represent the three major ethnic groups: Hutu, Twa, Tutsi, as well as the three elements in the national motto: unity, work, progress

Government type [time series]

presidential republic

Independence [time series]

1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, CICA, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 9 judges and organized into judicial, administrative, and cassation chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 members) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the Judicial Service Commission, a 15-member independent body of judicial and legal profession officials), appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate and serve 6-year nonrenewable terms | subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; County Courts; Courts of Residence; Martial Court; Court Against Corruption; Commercial Court; Commerce Court

Legal system [time series]

mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law

Legislative branch [time series]

description: bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Inama Nkenguzamateka (43 seats in the July 2015 election; 36 members indirectly elected by an electoral college of provincial councils using a three-round voting system, which requires a two-thirds majority vote in the first two rounds and a simple majority vote for the two leading candidates in the final round; 4 seats reserved for former heads of state, 3 seats reserved for Twas, and 30% of all votes reserved for women; members serve 5-year terms) and the National Assembly or Inama Nshingamateka (121 seats in the June 2015 election; 100 members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 21 co-opted members – 3 seats reserved for Twas and 30% of total seats reserved for women; members serve 5-year terms) | elections: Senate - last held on 24 July 2015 (next to be held in 2019); National Assembly - last held on 29 June 2015 (next to be held in 2020) | election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 33, FRODEBU 2, CNDD 1, former heads of state 4, Twas 3, women 8; National Assembly - percent of vote by party (provisional results) - CNDD-FDD 60.3%, Independents of Hope 11.2%, UPRONA 2.5%, other 26%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 77, Independents of Hope 21, UPRONA 2, women 18, Twas 3

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Burundi Bwacu" (Our Beloved Burundi) | lyrics/music: Jean-Baptiste NTAHOKAJA/Marc BARENGAYABO | note: adopted 1962

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 1 July (1962)

National symbol(s) [time series]

lion; national colors: red, white, green

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Front for Democracy in Burundi or FRODEBU [Keffa NIBIZI] | Independents of Hope (Amizero y'Abarundi) [Agathon RWASA and Charles NDITIJE] | Movement for Solidarity and Development or MSD [Alexis SINDUHUE] | National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Evariste NDAYISHIMIYE] | National Liberation Forces or FNL [Jacques BIGITIMANA] | Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA [Abel GASHATSI]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Forum for the Strengthening of Civil Society or FORSC (civil society umbrella organization) [Vital NSHMIRIMANA]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Burundi is a small country in East Africa bordered by Tanzania, Rwanda, and Lake Tanganyika. Burundi gained its independence from Belgium in 1962. Much of its history has been turbulent, and Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office. The internationally brokered Arusha Agreement ended the 1993-2005 civil war, paving the way for a new constitution and 2005 elections. Pierre NKURUNZIZA was elected president in 2005 and 2010 and again in a controversial election in 2015. Burundi continues to face many political and economic challenges.

Military and Security

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

National Defense Forces (Forces de Defense Nationale, FDN): Army (includes maritime wing, Air Wing), National Police (2017)

Military expenditures [time series]

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for voluntary military service; the armed forces law of 31 December 2004 did not specify a minimum age for enlistment, but the government claimed that no one younger than 18 was being recruited; mandatory retirement ages: 45 (enlisted), 50 (NCOs), 55 (officers), and 60 (officers with the rank of general) (2017)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 45.57% (male 2,628,767/female 2,596,719) | 15-24 years: 19.15% (male 1,095,213/female 1,100,314) | 25-54 years: 28.74% (male 1,643,319/female 1,651,679) | 55-64 years: 3.92% (male 212,074/female 237,324) | 65 years and over: 2.63% (male 129,482/female 171,865) (2017 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

41.3 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 6

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

29.1% (2010) | country comparison to the world: 16

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

31.7% (2012)

Death rate [time series]

8.8 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 69

Demographic profile [time series]

Burundi is a densely populated country with a high population growth rate, factors that combined with land scarcity and poverty place a large share of its population at risk of food insecurity. About 90% of the population relies on subsistence agriculture. Subdivision of land to sons, and redistribution to returning refugees, results in smaller, overworked, and less productive plots. Food shortages, poverty, and a lack of clean water contribute to a 60% chronic malnutrition rate among children. A lack of reproductive health services has prevented a significant reduction in Burundi’s maternal mortality and fertility rates, which are both among the world’s highest. With two-thirds of its population under the age of 25 and a birth rate of about 6 children per woman, Burundi’s population will continue to expand rapidly for decades to come, putting additional strain on a poor country. | Historically, migration flows into and out of Burundi have consisted overwhelmingly of refugees from violent conflicts. In the last decade, more than a half million Burundian refugees returned home from neighboring countries, mainly Tanzania. Reintegrating the returnees has been problematic due to their prolonged time in exile, land scarcity, poor infrastructure, poverty, and unemployment. Repatriates and existing residents (including internally displaced persons) compete for limited land and other resources. To further complicate matters, international aid organizations reduced their assistance because they no longer classified Burundi as a post-conflict country. Conditions have deteriorated since renewed violence erupted in April 2015, causing another outpouring of refugees. In addition to refugee out-migration, Burundi has hosted thousands of refugees from neighboring countries, mostly from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and lesser numbers from Rwanda.

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 89.6 | youth dependency ratio: 84.8 | elderly dependency ratio: 4.7 | potential support ratio: 21.1 (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

5.4% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 50

Ethnic groups [time series]

Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

1.1% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 42

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

2,900 (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 42

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

84,000 (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 46

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

7.5% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 63

Hospital bed density [time series]

1.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 58.8 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 65.3 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 52.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 19

Languages [time series]

Kirundi 29.7% (official), Kirundi and other language 9.1%, French (official) and French and other language 0.3%, Swahili and Swahili and other language 0.2% (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area), English (official) and English and other language 0.06%, more than 2 languages 3.7%, unspecified 56.9% | note: data represent language read and written by people 10 years of age or older; spoken Kirundi is widespread (2008 est.)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 60.9 years | male: 59.2 years | female: 62.7 years (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 202

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 85.6% | male: 88.2% | female: 83.1% (2015 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: very high | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever | vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever | water contact disease: schistosomiasis | animal contact disease: rabies (2016)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

BUJUMBURA (capital) 751,000 (2015)

Maternal mortality ratio [time series]

712 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 8

Median age [time series]

total: 17 years | male: 16.8 years | female: 17.3 years (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 223

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

21.3 years | note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2010 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Burundian(s) | adjective: Burundian

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 77

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

5.4% (2016) | country comparison to the world: 178

Population [time series]

11,466,756 | note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 78

Population distribution [time series]

Population growth rate [time series]

3.25% (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 4

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 62.1%, Protestant 23.9% (includes Adventist 2.3% and other Protestant 21.6%), Muslim 2.5%, other 3.6%, unspecified 7.9% (2008 est.)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 11 years | male: 11 years | female: 10 years (2013)

Sex ratio [time series]

Total fertility rate [time series]

5.99 children born/woman (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 4

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 12.7% of total population (2017) | rate of urbanization: 5.48% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Burundi and Rwanda dispute two sq km (0.8 sq mi) of Sabanerwa, a farmed area in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965; cross-border conflicts persist among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in the Great Lakes region

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 61,427 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2017) | IDPs: 187,626 (some ethnic Tutsis remain displaced from intercommunal violence that broke out after the 1993 coup and fighting between government forces and rebel groups; violence since April 2015) (2017) | stateless persons: 974 (2016)

Trafficking in persons [time series]

current situation: Burundi is a source country for children and possibly women subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; business people recruit Burundian girls for prostitution domestically, as well as in Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, and the Middle East, and recruit boys and girls for forced labor in Burundi and Tanzania; children and young adults are coerced into forced labor in farming, mining, informal commerce, fishing, or collecting river stones for construction; sometimes family, friends, and neighbors are complicit in exploiting children, at times luring them in with offers of educational or job opportunities | tier rating: Tier 3 – Burundi does not comply fully with the minimum standards for the elimination of human trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; corruption, a lack of political will, and limited resources continue to hamper efforts to combat human trafficking; in 2014, the government did not inform judicial and law enforcement officials of the enactment of an anti-trafficking law or how to implement it and approved – but did not fund – its national anti-trafficking action plan; authorities again failed to identify trafficking victims or to provide them with adequate protective services; the government has focused on transnational child trafficking but gave little attention to its domestic child trafficking problem and adult trafficking victims (2015)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

7 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 165

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 1 | over 3,047 m: 1 (2017)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 6 | 914 to 1,523 m: 4 | under 914 m: 2 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]

9U (2016)

Heliports [time series]

1 (2012)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

lake port(s): Bujumbura (Lake Tanganyika)

Roadways [time series]

total: 12,322 km | paved: 1,500 km | unpaved: 10,822 km (2016) | country comparison to the world: 128

Waterways [time series]

(mainly on Lake Tanganyika between Bujumbura, Burundi's principal port, and lake ports in Tanzania, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2011)