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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

state-controlled La Radiodiffusion et Television Nationale de Burundi (RTNB) operates the lone TV station and the only national radio network; about 10 privately owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in Bujumbura (2007)

Internet country code [time series]

.bi

Internet users [time series]

total: 144,500 | percent of population: 1.4% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 165

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relays | domestic: telephone density one of the lowest in the world; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing but remains at roughly 20 per 100 persons | international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 21,700 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: less than 1 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 182

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total: 3.2 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 138

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

1 (2001)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, cassava (manioc, tapioca); beef, milk, hides

Budget [time series]

revenues: $847.3 million | expenditures: $933.2 million (2014 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-2.8% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105

Central bank discount rate [time series]

11.25% (31 December 2010) | 10% (31 December 2009) | country comparison to the world: 14

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

15% (31 December 2014 est.) | 15.15% (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 42

Current account balance [time series]

-$544 million (2014 est.) | -$562.9 million (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105

Debt - external [time series]

$742.1 million (31 December 2014 est.) | $705.8 million (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 169

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

42.4 (1998) | country comparison to the world: 49

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural; agriculture accounts for just over 40% of GDP and employs more than 90% of the population. Burundi's primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings, though exports are a relatively small share of GDP. Therefore, Burundi's export earnings - and its ability to pay for imports - rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. An ethnic-based war that lasted until 2005 resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced more than 48,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Food, medicine, and electricity remain in short supply. Burundi's GDP grew around 4% annually in 2006-14. Political stability and the end of the civil war have improved aid flows and economic activity has increased, but underlying weaknesses - a high poverty rate, poor education rates, a weak legal system, a poor transportation network, overburdened utilities, and low administrative capacity - risk undermining planned economic reforms. Government corruption is hindering the development of a healthy private sector as companies have to deal with ever changing rules. The purchasing power of most Burundians has decreased as wage increases have not kept up with inflation. Burundi will remain heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors - foreign aid represents 42% of Burundi's national income, the second highest rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Burundi joined the East African Community (EAC) in 2009, and regional infrastructure improvements driven by the EAC and funded by the World Bank may help improve Burundi’s transport connections and lower transportation costs.

Exchange rates [time series]

Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar - | 1,548.5 (2014 est.) | 1,555.09 (2013 est.) | 1,442.51 (2012 est.) | 1,261.07 (2011 est.) | 1,230.8 (2010 est.)

Exports [time series]

$113.6 million (2014 est.) | $91.8 million (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 189

Exports - commodities [time series]

coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides

Exports - partners [time series]

Pakistan 12.7%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 12.6%, Uganda 9.6%, Germany 6.5%, Belgium 5.9%, France 5.6%, Rwanda 5.4%, Sweden 5.1%, US 4.6%, China 4.3%, Sudan 4.2% (2014)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$3.094 billion (2014 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$8.378 billion (2014 est.) | $7.999 billion (2013 est.) | $7.657 billion (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 162

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 40.3% | industry: 17.1% | services: 42.5% (2014 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$900 (2014 est.) | $900 (2013 est.) | $800 (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 226

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

4.7% (2014 est.) | 4.5% (2013 est.) | 4% (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 57

Gross national saving [time series]

2.4% of GDP (2014 est.) | 1.6% of GDP (2013 est.) | 2.7% of GDP (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 167

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 4.1% | highest 10%: 28% (2006)

Imports [time series]

$873 million (2014 est.) | $884.3 million (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 184

Imports - commodities [time series]

capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs

Imports - partners [time series]

Saudi Arabia 12.9%, Kenya 11%, Belgium 10.4%, China 8.4%, Tanzania 7.9%, Uganda 6.9%, India 5% (2014)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

6% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 37

Industries [time series]

light consumer goods (blankets, shoes, soap, beer); assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

4.4% (2014 est.) | 7.9% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 161

Labor force [time series]

4.806 million (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 87

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 93.6% | industry: 2.3% | services: 4.1% (2002 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA

Population below poverty line [time series]

68% (2002 est.)

Public debt [time series]

38.6% of GDP (2014 est.) | 38.6% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 99

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$321.4 million (31 December 2014 est.) | $329.4 million (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 157

Stock of broad money [time series]

$551.4 million (31 December 2014 est.) | $521.6 million (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 175

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$691.2 million (31 December 2014 est.) | $617.5 million (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 161

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$394.9 million (31 December 2014 est.) | $375.2 million (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 169

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

27.9% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 100

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

315,100 Mt (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 191

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 91

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 167

Crude oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 160

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 113

Electricity - consumption [time series]

236.4 million kWh (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 185

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 115

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

1.9% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 205

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

98.1% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 8

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 59

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 165

Electricity - imports [time series]

95 million kWh (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 95

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

52,000 kW (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 186

Electricity - production [time series]

152 million kWh (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 190

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 125

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 70

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 168

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 111

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 118

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

2,270 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 187

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 160

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

1,429 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 188

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 127

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 27,830 sq km | land: 25,680 sq km | water: 2,150 sq km | country comparison to the world: 147

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Maryland

Climate [time series]

equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees celcius but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m | highest point: Heha 2,670 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 0.29 cu km/yr (15%/5%/79%) | per capita: 43.27 cu m/yr (2005)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

3 30 S, 30 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile

Irrigated land [time series]

214.3 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,140 km | border countries (3): Democratic Republic of the Congo 236 km, Rwanda 315 km, Tanzania 589 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 73.3% | arable land 38.9%; permanent crops 15.6%; permanent pasture 18.8% | forest: 6.6% | other: 20.1% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

flooding; landslides; drought

Natural resources [time series]

nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone

Terrain [time series]

hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains

Total renewable water resources [time series]

12.54 cu km (2011)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

18 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rural, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rumonge, Rutana, Ruyigi

Capital [time series]

name: Bujumbura | geographic coordinates: 3 22 S, 29 21 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

several previous; latest ratified by popular referendum 28 February 2005 (2012)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Burundi | conventional short form: Burundi | local long form: Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi | local short form: Burundi | former: Urundi

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Dawn M. LIBERI (since 10 July 2012) | embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura | mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura | telephone: [257] 22-207-000 | FAX: [257] 22-222-926

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Ernest NDABASHINZE (since 21 May 2014) | chancery: 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 408, Washington, DC 20007 | telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574 | FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Prosper BAZOMBAZA (since 13 February 2014); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI (since 29 August 2010); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government | head of government: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Prosper BAZOMBAZA (since 13 February 2014); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI (since 29 August 2010) | cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 July 2015(next to be held in 2020); vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by Parliament | election results: Pierre NKURUNZIZA reelected president; percent of vote - Pierre NKURUNZIZA (CNDD-FDD ) 69.4%, Agathon RWASA (National Liberation Forces) 19%, other 11.6%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and fly side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below); green symbolizes hope and optimism, white purity and peace, and red the blood shed in the struggle for independence; the three stars in the disk represent the three major ethnic groups: Hutu, Twa, Tutsi, as well as the three elements in the national motto: unity, work, progress

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CEPGL, CICA, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 9 judges and organized into judicial, administrative, and cassation chambers) | judge selection and term of office: judges nominated by the Judicial Service Commission, a 15-member independent body of judicial and legal profession officials); judges appointed by the president with the approval of the Senate; judge tenure NA | subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; County Courts; Courts of Residence

Legal system [time series]

mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law

Legislative branch [time series]

description: bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate (54 seats; 34 members indirectly elected by an electoral college of provincial councils using a two-thirds majority vote and 20 seats reserved for former heads of state; members serve 5-year terms) and the National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (100 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote with a required ethnic mix of 60 percent Hutu and 40 percent Tutsi, and at least 30 percent women; members serve 5-year terms) | elections: last held on 23 July 2010 (next to be held on 26 June 2015); note - legislative election delayed because of unrest | election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 81.2%, UPRONA 11.6%, FRODEBU 5.9%, other 1.3%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 81, UPRONA 17, FRODEBU 5, other 3

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Burundi Bwacu" (Our Beloved Burundi) | lyrics/music: Jean-Baptiste NTAHOKAJA/Marc BARENGAYABO | note: adopted 1962

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 1 July (1962)

National symbol(s) [time series]

lion; national colors: red, white, green

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Leonce NGENDAKUMANA] | National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Jeremie NGENDAKUMANA] | National Liberation Forces or FNL [Agathon RWASA] | Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA [Bonaventure NIYOYANKANA] | note: a multiparty system introduced in 1998 includes: | National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [Leonard NYANGOMA] | National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI] | Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Forum for the Strengthening of Civil Society or FORSC [Pacifique NININAHAZWE] (civil society umbrella organization) | Observatoire de lutte contre la corruption et les malversations economiques or OLUCOME [Gabriel RUFYIRI] (anti-corruption pressure group) | other: Hutu and Tutsi militias (loosely organized)

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. More than 200,000 Burundians perished during the conflict that spanned almost a dozen years. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians were internally displaced or became refugees in neighboring countries. An internationally brokered power-sharing agreement between the Tutsi-dominated government and the Hutu rebels in 2003 paved the way for a transition process that integrated defense forces, and established a new constitution and elected a majority Hutu government in 2005. The government of President Pierre NKURUNZIZA, who was reelected in 2010, continues to face many political and economic challenges. Burundi began holding national elections in June 2015 with a presidential election scheduled for July.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 2,182,327 | females age 16-49: 2,202,125 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,398,769 | females age 16-49: 1,481,417 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 117,956 | female: 116,956 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

National Defense Forces (Forces de Defense Nationale, FDN): Army (includes maritime wing, Air Wing), National Gendarmerie (2013)

Military expenditures [time series]

2.39% of GDP (2012) | NA% (2011) | 2.39% of GDP (2010) | country comparison to the world: 32

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for voluntary military service; the armed forces law of 31 December 2004 did not specify a minimum age for enlistment, but the government claimed that no one younger than 18 was being recruited; mandatory retirement age 45 (enlisted), 50 (NCOs), and 55 (officers) (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 45.64% (male 2,464,695/female 2,437,923) | 15-24 years: 19.23% (male 1,030,773/female 1,035,478) | 25-54 years: 28.67% (male 1,536,089/female 1,543,356) | 55-64 years: 3.94% (male 198,384/female 224,563) | 65 years and over: 2.52% (male 115,187/female 155,828) (2015 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

42.01 births/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 6

Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]

total number: 433,187 | percentage: 19% (2005 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

29.1% (2011) | country comparison to the world: 16

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

21.9% (2010/11)

Death rate [time series]

9.27 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 62

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 89.7% | youth dependency ratio: 85% | elderly dependency ratio: 4.7% | potential support ratio: 21.3% (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

5.8% of GDP (2012) | country comparison to the world: 50

Ethnic groups [time series]

Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

1.11% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 43

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

3,900 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 37

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

84,700 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 45

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

8% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 56

Hospital bed density [time series]

1.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 61.89 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 68.55 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 55.04 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 20

Languages [time series]

Kirundi 29.7% (official), Kirundi and other language 9.1%, French (official) and French and other language 0.3%, Swahili and Swahili and other language 0.2% (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area), English and English and other language 0.06%, more than 2 languages 3.7%, unspecified 56.9% (2008 est.)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 60.09 years | male: 58.45 years | female: 61.78 years (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 197

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 85.6% | male: 88.2% | female: 83.1% (2015 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: very high | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever | vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever | water contact disease: schistosomiasis | animal contact disease: rabies (2013)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

BUJUMBURA (capital) 751,000 (2015)

Median age [time series]

total: 17 years | male: 16.8 years | female: 17.2 years (2015 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Burundian(s) | adjective: Burundian

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 103

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

2.1% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 176

Population [time series]

10,742,276 | note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 86

Population growth rate [time series]

3.28% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 3

Religions [time series]

Catholic 62.1%, Protestant 23.9% (includes Adventist 2.3% and other Protestant 21.6%), Muslim 2.5%, other 3.6%, unspecified 7.9% (2008 est.)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 10 years | male: 11 years | female: 10 years (2010)

Sex ratio [time series]

Total fertility rate [time series]

6.09 children born/woman (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 2

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 12.1% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 5.66% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Burundi and Rwanda dispute two sq km (0.8 sq mi) of Sabanerwa, a farmed area in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965; cross-border conflicts persist among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in the Great Lakes region

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 54,011 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2015) | IDPs: 79,200 (the majority are ethnic Tutsi displaced by inter-communal violence that broke out after the 1993 coup and fighting between government forces and rebel groups; no new displacements since 2008 when the last rebel group laid down its arms) (2015) | stateless persons: 1,302 (2014)

Trafficking in persons [time series]

current situation: Burundi is a source country for children and possibly women subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking; business people recruit Burundian girls for prostitution domestically, as well as in Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, and the Middle East, and recruit boys and girls for forced labor in Burundi and Tanzania; children and young adults are coerced into forced labor in farming, mining, construction, informal commerce, or fishing; some family members, friends, and neighbors are complicit in exploiting children, luring them in with offers of educational or job opportunities | tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List – Burundi does not comply fully with the minimum standards for the elimination of human trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; the government has a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute a significant effort toward meeting the minimum standards for eliminating human trafficking; in 2013, the government established a national coordinating body to oversee anti-trafficking efforts, completed a national action plan, and worked to finalize anti-trafficking legislation; law enforcement efforts remained modest, and investigations focused on transnational trafficking; most victim assistance continued to be provided by NGOs without government support; a system for identifying victims among vulnerable populations and referring victims to care providers was not finalized (2014)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

7 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 165

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 1 | over 3,047 m: 1 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 6 | 914 to 1,523 m: 4 | 2 (2013)

Heliports [time series]

1 (2012)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

lake port(s): Bujumbura (Lake Tanganyika)

Roadways [time series]

total: 12,322 km | paved: 1,286 km | unpaved: 11,036 km (2004) | country comparison to the world: 127

Waterways [time series]

(mainly on Lake Tanganyika between Bujumbura, Burundi's principal port, and lake ports in Tanzania, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2011)