Internet users (Internet Service Providers (ISPs)) [time series]

1 (2000)

Internet country code [time series]

.bi

Internet users [time series]

6,000 (2002)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)

Radios [time series]

440,000 (2001)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: primitive system domestic: sparse system of open wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

20,000 (2000)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

16,300 (2000)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

1 (2001)

Televisions [time series]

25,000 (1997)

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides

Budget [time series]

revenues: $125 million expenditures: $176 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

Burundi franc (BIF)

Exchange rates (Currency code) [time series]

BIF

Debt - external [time series]

$1.12 billion (2001 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

33 (1992)

Economic aid (Economic aid - recipient) [time series]

$74 million (1999)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Its economic health depends on the coffee crop, which accounts for 80% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports therefore rests largely on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market. Since October 1993 the nation has suffered from massive ethnic-based violence which has resulted in the death of more than 200,000 persons and the displacement of about 800,000 others. Only one in four children go to school, and more than one in ten adults has HIV/AIDS. Foods, medicines, and electricity remain in short supply. Doubts regarding the sustainability of peace continue to impede development. A Geneva donors' conference in November 2001 brought $800 million in pledges, and an IMF-staff-monitored program could lead to a further agreement in 2002.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

166.64 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2000)

Electricity - imports [time series]

29 million kWh note: supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2000)

Electricity - production [time series]

148 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - production by source [time series]

fossil fuel: 1% other: 0% (2000) hydro: 99% nuclear: 0%

Exchange rates [time series]

Burundi francs per US dollar - 865.14 (January 2002), 830.35 (2001), 720.67 (2000), 563.56 (1999), 477.77 (1998), 352.35 (1997)

Exports [time series]

$24 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides

Exports - partners [time series]

EU 52.5%, US 11.5%, Kenya 11.5%, Switzerland 4.9% (2000 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $3.7 billion (2001 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 50% industry: 18% services: 32% (2001 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $600 (2001 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

1.4% (2001 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 27% (1992) (1992)

Imports [time series]

$125 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs

Imports - partners [time series]

EU 37.6%, Tanzania 10.3%, Zambia 4.3%, India 3.4%, China 3.4% (2000 est.)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

6.3% (1999 est.)

Industries [time series]

light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

14% (2001 est.)

Labor force [time series]

1.9 million

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

NA

Population below poverty line [time series]

70% (2001 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Area [time series]

total: 27,830 sq km water: 2,180 sq km land: 25,650 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Maryland

Climate [time series]

equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m highest point: Mount Heha 2,670 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban

Geographic coordinates [time series]

3 30 S, 30 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile

Irrigated land [time series]

740 sq km (1998 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 29.98% permanent crops: 12.85% other: 57.17% (1998 est.)

Location [time series]

Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

flooding, landslides, drought

Natural resources [time series]

nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium, arable land, hydropower

Terrain [time series]

hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains

Administrative divisions [time series]

16 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi

Capital [time series]

Bujumbura

Constitution [time series]

13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a plural political system; supplanted on 6 June 1998 by a Transitional Constitution which enlarged the National Assembly and created two vice presidents

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Burundi conventional short form: Burundi local short form: Burundi local long form: Republika y'u Burundi former: Urundi

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador James Howard YELLIN embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura telephone: [257] 223454 FAX: [257] 222926

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas NDIKUMANA chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Pierre BUYOYA (a Tutsi, was sworn in as president of a transition government on 1 November 2001; he is scheduled to hold office for 18 months before transferring power to his vice president, a Hutu); Vice President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 1 November 2001) head of government: President Pierre BUYOYA (a Tutsi, was sworn in as president of a transition government on 1 November 2001; he is scheduled to hold office for 18 months before transferring power to his vice president, a Hutu); Vice President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 1 November 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president elections: NA; current president assumed power following a coup on 25 July 1996 in which former President NTIBANTUNGANYA was overthrown

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

International organization participation [time series]

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals)

Legal system [time series]

based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral, consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (expanded from 121 to approximately 140 seats under the transitional government inaugurated 1 November 2001; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a Senate (54 seats; term length is undefined, the current senators will likely serve out the three-year transition period) elections: last held 29 June 1993 (next was scheduled to be held in 1998, but were suspended by presidential decree in 1996; elections are planned to follow the completion of the three-year transitional government) election results: percent of vote by party - FRODEBU 71.04%, UPRONA 21.4%, other 7.56%; seats by party - FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16, civilians 27, other parties 13

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 1 July (1962)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

the two national, mainstream, governing parties are: Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Luc RUKINGAMA, president]; Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI, president] note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: Burundi African Alliance for the Salvation or ABASA [Terrence NSANZE]; Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development or RADDES [Joseph NZENZIMANA]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]; People's Reconciliation Party or PRP [Mathias HITIMANA]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Loosely organized Hutu and Tutsi militias, often affiliated with Hutu and Tutsi extremist parties or subordinate to government security forces

Suffrage [time series]

NA years of age; universal adult

Background [time series]

Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only four months in office. Since then, some 200,000 Burundians have perished in widespread, often intense ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. Hundreds of thousands have been internally displaced or have become refugees in neighboring countries. Burundian troops, seeking to secure their borders, intervened in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1998. More recently, many of these troops have been redeployed back to Burundi to deal with periodic upsurges in rebel activity. A new transitional government, inaugurated on 1 November 2001, was to be the first step towards holding national elections in three years. However, the unwillingness of the Hutu rebels to enact a cease fire with Bujumbura continues to obstruct prospects for a sustainable peace.

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army (including naval and air units), Gendarmerie

Military expenditures - dollar figure [time series]

$36.9 million (FY01)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

5.3% (FY01)

Military manpower - availability [time series]

males age 15-49: 1,439,032 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service [time series]

males age 15-49: 752,584 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - military age [time series]

16 years of age (2002 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually [time series]

males: 79,360 (2002 est.)

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 46.5% (male 1,497,865; female 1,466,455) 15-64 years: 50.7% (male 1,592,253; female 1,640,254) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 71,915; female 104,260) (2002 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

39.87 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Death rate [time series]

16.3 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

11.32% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

39,000 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

360,000 (1999 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

69.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

Languages [time series]

Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 45.94 years female: 46.83 years (2002 est.) male: 45.08 years

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 35.3% male: 49.3% female: 22.5% (1995 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Burundian(s) adjective: Burundi

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Population [time series]

6,373,002 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.36% (2002 est.)

Religions [time series]

Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

6.07 children born/woman (2002 est.)

Disputes - international [time series]

Tutsi, Hutu, and other conflicting ethnic groups, political rebels, and various government forces continue fighting in Great Lakes region, transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda

Airports [time series]

7 (2001)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 6 6 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2002)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 14,480 km paved: 1,028 km unpaved: 13,452 km (1996)

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

Bujumbura

Railways [time series]

0 km

Waterways [time series]

Lake Tanganyika