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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

2 public TV broadcasting networks each with a large number of network affiliates; several private-commercial networks also with multiple network affiliates; overall, about 150 TV stations; multi-channel satellite and cable systems provide access to a wide range of stations including US stations; mix of public and commercial radio broadcasters with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the public radio broadcaster, operating 4 radio networks, Radio Canada International, and radio services to indigenous populations in the north; roughly 2,000 licensed radio stations in Canada (2008)

Internet country code [time series]

.ca

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

8.743 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 14

Internet users [time series]

26.96 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 16

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: excellent service provided by modern technology domestic: domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations international: country code - 1; submarine cables provide links to the US and Europe; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean, and 2 Intersputnik - Atlantic Ocean region) (2011)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

18.01 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 16

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

26.263 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 41

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; fish; forest products

Budget [time series]

revenues: $687.8 billion expenditures: $740.8 billion (2013 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-2.9% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 120

Central bank discount rate [time series]

1% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 140 0.25% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

3% (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 169 3% (31 December 2012 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

-$59.5 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 189 -$62.27 billion (2012 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$1.331 trillion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 15 $1.191 trillion (31 December 2011)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

32.1 (2005) country comparison to the world: 105 31.5 (1994)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

As a high-tech industrial society in the trillion-dollar class, Canada resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and high living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US, its principal trading partner. Canada enjoys a substantial trade surplus with the US, which absorbs about three-fourths of Canadian merchandise exports each year. Canada is the US's largest foreign supplier of energy, including oil, gas, uranium, and electric power. Given its abundant natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital plant, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. Buffeted by the global economic crisis, the economy dropped into a sharp recession in the final months of 2008, and Ottawa posted its first fiscal deficit in 2009 after 12 years of surplus. Canada's major banks, however, emerged from the financial crisis of 2008-09 among the strongest in the world, owing to the financial sector's tradition of conservative lending practices and strong capitalization. Canada achieved marginal growth in 2010-13 and plans to balance the budget by 2015. In addition, the country's petroleum sector is rapidly expanding, because Alberta's oil sands significantly boosted Canada's proven oil reserves. Canada now ranks third in the world in proved oil reserves behind Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.

Exchange rates [time series]

Canadian dollars (CAD) per US dollar - 1.03 (2013 est.) 0.9992 (2012 est.) 1.0302 (2010 est.) 1.1431 (2009) 1.0364 (2008)

Exports [time series]

$458.7 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 12 $462.9 billion (2012 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum

Exports - partners [time series]

US 74.5%, China 4.3%, UK 4.1% (2012)

Fiscal year [time series]

1 April - 31 March

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$1.825 trillion (2013 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$1.518 trillion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 14 $1.494 trillion (2012 est.) $1.469 trillion (2011 est.) note: data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 55.8% government consumption: 21.6% investment in fixed capital: 24.6% investment in inventories: 0.2% exports of goods and services: 30.1% imports of goods and services: -32.3% (2013 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 1.7% industry: 28.4% services: 69.9% (2013 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$43,100 (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 19 $42,900 (2012 est.) $42,700 (2011 est.) note: data are in 2013 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

1.6% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 154 1.7% (2012 est.) 2.5% (2011 est.)

Gross national saving [time series]

21.5% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 72 21.2% of GDP (2012 est.) 21.1% of GDP (2011 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 2.6% highest 10%: 24.8% (2000)

Imports [time series]

$471 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 11 $474.9 billion (2012 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods

Imports - partners [time series]

US 50.6%, China 11%, Mexico 5.5% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

1.4% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 139

Industries [time series]

transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum, natural gas

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

1% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 22 1.5% (2012 est.)

Labor force [time series]

19.08 million (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 32

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 2% manufacturing: 13% construction: 6% services: 76% other: 3% (2006 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$2.016 trillion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 6 $1.907 trillion (31 December 2011) $2.16 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

9.4% note: this figure is the Low Income Cut-Off (LICO), a calculation that results in higher figures than found in many comparable economies; Canada does not have an official poverty line (2008)

Public debt [time series]

86.3% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 23 85.4% of GDP (2012 est.) note: figures are for gross general government debt, as opposed to net federal debt; gross general government debt includes both intragovernmental debt and the debt of public entities at the sub-national level

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$68.55 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 31 $65.82 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$1.539 trillion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 12 $1.488 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$1.047 trillion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 9 $991.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$1.038 trillion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 8 $992.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$3.126 trillion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 9 $3.091 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$699.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 9 $648.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

37.7% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 52

Unemployment rate [time series]

7.1% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 75 7.3% (2012 est.)

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

552.6 million Mt (2011 est.)

Crude oil - exports [time series]

1.576 million bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 10

Crude oil - imports [time series]

770,300 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 15

Crude oil - production [time series]

3.856 million bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 5

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

173.1 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 3

Electricity - consumption [time series]

499.9 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 8

Electricity - exports [time series]

57.97 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 3

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

31.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 179

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

54.7% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 37

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

9.2% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 19

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

4.2% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 51

Electricity - imports [time series]

11.39 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 19

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

138.6 million kW (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 8

Electricity - production [time series]

618.9 billion kWh (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 7

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

82.48 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 8

Natural gas - exports [time series]

88.29 billion cu m (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 5

Natural gas - imports [time series]

31.31 billion cu m (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 18

Natural gas - production [time series]

143.1 billion cu m (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 5

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

1.93 trillion cu m (1 January 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 18

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

2.259 million bbl/day country comparison to the world: 11

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

1.073 million bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 7

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

249,500 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 24

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

2.016 million bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 10

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 9,984,670 sq km country comparison to the world: 2 land: 9,093,507 sq km water: 891,163 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly larger than the US

Climate [time series]

varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north

Coastline [time series]

202,080 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Logan 5,959 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Marine Life Conservation

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 42.2 cu km/yr (20%/70%/10%) per capita: 1,589 cu m/yr (2010)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

60 00 N, 95 00 W

Geography - note [time series]

second-largest country in world (after Russia) and largest in the Americas; strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; approximately 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km (100 mi) of the US border; Canada has more fresh water than any other country and almost 9% of Canadian territory is water; Canada has at least 2 million and possibly over 3 million lakes - that is more than all other countries combined

Irrigated land [time series]

8,699 sq km (2004)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 8,893 km border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska) note: Canada is the World's largest country that borders only one country

Land use [time series]

arable land: 4.3% permanent crops: 0.49% other: 95.2% (2011)

Location [time series]

Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US

Map references [time series]

North America

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Natural hazards [time series]

continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains volcanism: the vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's Coast Mountains remain dormant

Natural resources [time series]

iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, rare earth elements, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower

Terrain [time series]

mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast

Total renewable water resources [time series]

2,902 cu km (2011)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

10 provinces and 3 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Nunavut*, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon*

Capital [time series]

name: Ottawa geographic coordinates: 45 25 N, 75 42 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November note: Canada has six time zones

Constitution [time series]

made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial decisions, and traditions dating from 1763; the written part of the constitution consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April 1982; several amendments to Constitution Act, 1982, last in 2011 (2011)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: none conventional short form: Canada

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador (Bruce A. Heyman has been nominated; The ambassador is scheduled to present his credentials on 8 April 2014); Charge d'Affaires Richard M. Sanders (since 25 July 2013) embassy: 490 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 1G8 mailing address: P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburg, NY 13669-0430; P.O. Box 866, Station B, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5T1 telephone: [1] (613) 688-5335 FAX: [1] (613) 688-3082 consulate(s) general: Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec City, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Gary DOER (since 23 October 2009) chancery: 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001 telephone: [1] (202) 682-1740 FAX: [1] (202) 682-7726 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis, New York, San Francisco/Silicon Valley, Seattle consulate(s): Anchorage (AK), Houston, Palo Alto (CA), Philadelphia, Phoenix, Raleigh (NC), Salt Lake City, San Diego, Tucson

Executive branch [time series]

head of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General David JOHNSTON (since 1 October 2010) head of government: Prime Minister Stephen Joseph HARPER (since 6 February 2006) cabinet: Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width) with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is centered in the white square; the maple leaf has long been a Canadian symbol; the official colors of Canada are red and white

Government type [time series]

a parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a constitutional monarchy

Independence [time series]

1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11 December 1931 (recognized by UK per Statute of Westminster)

International law organization participation [time series]

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, Arctic Council, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CD, CDB, CE (observer), EAPC, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-20, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAFTA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Canada (consists of the chief justice and 8 judges) note - in 1949, Canada finally abolished all appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) judge selection and term of office: chief justice and judges appointed by the prime minister in council; all judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 75 subordinate courts: federal level: Federal Court of Appeal; Federal Court; Tax Court; federal administrative tribunals; courts martial; provincial/territorial: provincial superior, appeals, first instance, and specialized courts; in 1999, the Nunavut Court - a circuit court with the power of a superior court and the territorial courts - was established to serve isolated settlements

Legal system [time series]

common law system except in Quebec where civil law based on the French civil code prevails

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (105 seats; members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister and serve until 75 years of age) and the House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (308 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve a maximum of four-year terms) elections: House of Commons - last held on 2 May 2011 (next to be held no later than 19 October 2015) election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Conservative Party 39.6%, NDP 30.6%, Liberal Party 18.9%, Bloc Quebecois 6%, Greens 3.9%; seats by party - Conservative Party 166, NDP 103, Liberal Party 34, Bloc Quebecois 4, Greens 1

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "O Canada"

National holiday [time series]

Canada Day, 1 July (1867)

National symbol(s) [time series]

maple leaf

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Bloc Quebecois [Daniel PAILLE] Conservative Party of Canada [Stephen HARPER] Green Party [Elizabeth MAY] Liberal Party [Justin TRUDEAU] New Democratic Party or NDP [Thomas MULCAIR]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

other: agricultural sector; automobile industry; business groups; chemical industry; commercial banks; communications sector; energy industry; environmentalists; public administration groups; steel industry; trade unions

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. Economically and technologically, the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across the world's longest unfortified border. Canada faces the political challenges of meeting public demands for quality improvements in health care, education, social services, and economic competitiveness, as well as responding to the particular concerns of predominantly francophone Quebec. Canada also aims to develop its diverse energy resources while maintaining its commitment to the environment.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 8,031,266 females age 16-49: 7,755,550 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 6,633,472 females age 16-49: 6,389,669 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 218,069 female: 206,195 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Canadian Forces: Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Canadian Air Force, Canada Command (homeland security) (2011)

Military expenditures [time series]

1.24% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 83 1.31% of GDP (2011) 1.24% of GDP (2010)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

17 years of age for voluntary male and female military service (with parental consent); 16 years of age for Reserve and Military College applicants; Canadian citizenship or permanent residence status required; maximum 34 years of age; service obligation 3-9 years (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 15.5% (male 2,764,691/female 2,628,413) 15-24 years: 12.7% (male 2,267,210/female 2,142,085) 25-54 years: 41% (male 7,244,109/female 7,052,512) 55-64 years: 13.5% (male 2,336,202/female 2,380,703) 65 years and over: 17.3% (male 2,670,482/female 3,348,434) (2014 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

10.29 births/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 188

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

74% note: percent of women aged 18-44 (2002)

Death rate [time series]

8.31 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 89

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 47.2 % youth dependency ratio: 24.2 % elderly dependency ratio: 22.9 % potential support ratio: 4.4 (2014 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 99% of population total: 99.8% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 1% of population total: 0.2% of population (2012 est.)

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

5.4% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 62

Ethnic groups [time series]

Canadian 32.2%, English 19.8%, French 15.5%, Scottish 14.4%, Irish 13.8%, German 9.8%, Italian 4.5%, Chinese 4.5%, North American Indian 4.2%, other 50.9% note: percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one ethnic origin (2011 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.3% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 91

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 72

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

68,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 55

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

11.2% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 13

Hospital bed density [time series]

3.2 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 4.71 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 182 male: 5.04 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

Languages [time series]

English (official) 58.7%, French (official) 22%, Punjabi 1.4%, Italian 1.3%, Spanish 1.3%, German 1.3%, Cantonese 1.2%, Tagalog 1.2%, Arabic 1.1%, other 10.5% (2011 est.)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 81.67 years country comparison to the world: 14 male: 79.07 years female: 84.42 years (2014 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

Toronto 5.573 million; Montreal 3.856 million; Vancouver 2.267 million; Calgary 1.216 million; OTTAWA (capital) 1.208 million; Edmonton 1.142 million (2011)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

12 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 147

Median age [time series]

total: 41.7 years male: 40.4 years female: 42.9 years (2014 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

28.1 (2011 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Canadian(s) adjective: Canadian

Net migration rate [time series]

5.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 24

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

26.2% (2008) country comparison to the world: 48

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

2.07 physicians/1,000 population (2010)

Population [time series]

34,834,841 (July 2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 38

Population growth rate [time series]

0.76% (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 144

Religions [time series]

Catholic 40.6% (includes Roman Catholic 38.8%, Orthodox 1.6%, other Catholic .2%), Protestant 20.3% (includes United Church 6.1%, Anglican 5%, Baptist 1.9%, Lutheran 1.5%, Pentecostal 1.5%, Presbyterian 1.4%, other Protestant 2.9%), other Christian 6.3%, Muslim 3.2%, Hindu 1.5%, Sikh 1.4%, Buddhist 1.1%, Jewish 1%, other 0.6%, none 23.9% (2011 est.)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 99% of population total: 99.8% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 1% of population total: 0.2% of population (2012 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 16 years male: 15 years female: 16 years (2000)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.59 children born/woman (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 181

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 14.3% country comparison to the world: 88 male: 15.9% female: 12.6% (2012)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 80.7% of total population (2011) rate of urbanization: 1.06% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

managed maritime boundary disputes with the US at Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and the Gulf of Maine including the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; US works closely with Canada to intensify security measures for monitoring and controlling legal and illegal movement of people, transport, and commodities across the international border; sovereignty dispute with Denmark over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland; commencing the collection of technical evidence for submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in support of claims for continental shelf beyond 200 nm from its declared baselines in the Arctic, as stipulated in Article 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Illicit drugs [time series]

illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market and export to US; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; increasing ecstasy production, some of which is destined for the US; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering because of its mature financial services sector

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 17,381 (Colombia); 15,344 (China); 12,326 (Sri Lanka); 10,641 (Pakistan); 7,872 (Haiti); 6,512 (Mexico) (2013)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

1,467 (2013) country comparison to the world: 4

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 523 over 3,047 m: 21 2,438 to 3,047 m: 19 1,524 to 2,437 m: 147 914 to 1,523 m: 257 under 914 m: 79 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 944 1,524 to 2,437 m: 75 914 to 1,523 m: 385 under 914 m: 484 (2013)

Heliports [time series]

26 (2013)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 181 country comparison to the world: 35 by type: bulk carrier 62, cargo 15, carrier 1, chemical tanker 15, combination ore/oil 1, container 2, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 63, petroleum tanker 11, roll on/roll off 6 foreign-owned: 19 (Estonia 1, France 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 4, Sweden 2, US 10) registered in other countries: 225 (Australia 5, Bahamas 96, Barbados 11, Cambodia 2, Cyprus 2, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 77, Liberia 2, Malta 5, Marshall Islands 8, Norway 1, Panama 6, Spain 4, Vanuatu 5) (2010)

Pipelines [time series]

gas and liguid petroleum 100,000 km (2013)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

major seaport(s): Halifax, Saint John (New Brunswick), Vancouver river and lake port(s): Montreal, Quebec City, Sept-Isles (St. Lawrence); Fraser River Port (Fraser); Hamilton (Lake Ontario) oil/gas terminal(s): Lower Lakes terminal dry bulk cargo port(s): Port-Cartier (iron ore and grain), container port(s): Montreal (1,362,975), Vancouver (2,507,032)(2011) LNG terminal(s) (import): Saint John

Railways [time series]

total: 46,552 km country comparison to the world: 5 standard gauge: 46,552 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Roadways [time series]

total: 1,042,300 km country comparison to the world: 7 paved: 415,600 km (includes 17,000 km of expressways) unpaved: 626,700 km (2008)

Waterways [time series]

636 km (Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United States) (2011) country comparison to the world: 78