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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

1 state-run TV station supplemented by private TV station; Portuguese state TV's African service, RTP Africa, and Brazilian-owned TV Miramar are available; state-run radio provides nearly 100% territorial coverage and broadcasts in multiple languages; a number of privately owned and community-operated stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)

Internet country code [time series]

.mz

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

89,737 (2012) country comparison to the world: 82

Internet users [time series]

613,600 (2009) country comparison to the world: 113

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: a fair telecommunications system that is shackled with a heavy state presence, lack of competition, and high operating costs and charges domestic: stagnation in the fixed-line network contrasts with rapid growth in the mobile-cellular network; mobile-cellular coverage now includes all the main cities and key roads, including those from Maputo to the South African and Swaziland borders, the national highway through Gaza and Inhambane provinces, the Beira corridor, and from Nampula to Nacala; extremely low fixed-line teledensity; despite significant growth in mobile-cellular services, teledensity remains low at about 35 per 100 persons international: country code - 258; landing point for the EASSy and SEACOM fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) (2011)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

88,100 (2012) country comparison to the world: 148

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

8.108 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 91

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry

Budget [time series]

revenues: $4.115 billion expenditures: $4.707 billion (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-4.2% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 150

Central bank discount rate [time series]

9.5% (17 January 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 100 3.25% (31 December 2010 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

16.81% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 18 19.1% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

$-5.168 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 164 $-2.996 billion (2011 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$4.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 122 $4.097 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

45.6 (2008) country comparison to the world: 37 47.3 (2002)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

At independence in 1975, Mozambique was one of the world's poorest countries. Socialist mismanagement and a brutal civil war from 1977-92 exacerbated the situation. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of macroeconomic reforms designed to stabilize the economy. These steps, combined with donor assistance and with political stability since the multi-party elections in 1994, have led to dramatic improvements in the country's growth rate. Fiscal reforms, including the introduction of a value-added tax and reform of the customs service, have improved the government's revenue collection abilities. In spite of these gains, Mozambique remained dependent upon foreign assistance for 40% of its 2012 annual budget and over half the population remained below the poverty line. Subsistence agriculture continues to employ the vast majority of the country's work force and smallholder agricultural productivity and productivity growth is weak. A substantial trade imbalance persists although aluminum production from the Mozal smelter has significantly boosted export earnings in recent years. In 2012, The Mozambican government took over Portugal's last remaining share in the Cahora Bassa Hydroelectricity Company (HCB), a signficant contributor to the Southern African Power Pool. The government has plans to expand the Cahora Bassa Dam and build additional dams to increase its electricity exports and fulfill the needs of its burgeoning domestic industries. Mozambique's once substantial foreign debt has been reduced through forgiveness and rescheduling under the IMF's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Enhanced HIPC initiatives, and is now at a manageable level. In July 2007, the US government's Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) signed a $506.9 million Compact with Mozambique. Compact projects will end in September 2013 and are focusing on improving sanitation, roads, agriculture, and the business regulation environment in an effort to spur economic growth in the four northern provinces of the country. Citizens rioted in September 2010, after fuel, water, electricity, and bread price increases were announced. In an attempt to lessen the negative impact on people, the government implemented subsidies, decreased taxes and tariffs, and instituted other fiscal measures. Mozambique grew at an average annual rate of 6%-8% in the decade up to 2012, one of Africa's strongest performances. Mozambique's ability to attract large investment projects in natural resources is expected to fuel continued high growth in coming years. Revenues from these vast resources, including natural gas, coal, titanium and hydroelectric capacity, could overtake donor assistance within five years.

Exchange rates [time series]

meticais (MZM) per US dollar - 28.38 (2012 est.) 29.08 (2011 est.) 33.96 (2010 est.) 26.28 (2009) 24.13 (2008)

Exports [time series]

$3.47 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 125 $3.118 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity

Exports - partners [time series]

South Africa 31.3%, Belgium 12.8%, China 9%, Italy 7.9%, Spain 6.2%, India 5.8% (2012)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$14.05 billion (2012 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$25.95 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 121 $24.16 billion (2011 est.) $22.51 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 75.4% government consumption: 13.7% investment in fixed capital: 31.7% investment in inventories: -1.2% exports of goods and services: 29.5% imports of goods and services: -49.1% (2012 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 29.9% industry: 24.6% services: 45.5% (2012 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$1,200 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 209 $1,100 (2011 est.) $1,000 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

7.4% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 25 7.3% (2011 est.) 7.1% (2010 est.)

Gross national saving [time series]

-4.6% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 143 0.8% of GDP (2011 est.) 5.4% of GDP (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 1.9% highest 10%: 36.7% (2008)

Imports [time series]

$6.168 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 120 $5.368 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles

Imports - partners [time series]

South Africa 30.5%, China 12.3%, India 11.6%, US 5.1%, Portugal 4.8%, Australia 4.5% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

13% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 5

Industries [time series]

aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

2.1% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 44 10.4% (2011 est.)

Labor force [time series]

10.29 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 50

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 81% industry: 6% services: 13% (1997 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA

Population below poverty line [time series]

52% (2009 est.)

Public debt [time series]

42.2% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 82 39.3% of GDP (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$2.77 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 112 $2.469 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$5.268 billion (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 128 $4.095 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$3.951 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 120 $3.392 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$4.335 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 104 $3.574 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

29.3% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 99

Unemployment rate [time series]

17% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 151 21% (1997 est.)

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

3.426 million Mt (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 135

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 159

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 99

Crude oil - production [time series]

20 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 130

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2013 es) country comparison to the world: 167

Electricity - consumption [time series]

10.19 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 89

Electricity - exports [time series]

9.462 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 21

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

0.1% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 208

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

99.9% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 2

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 145

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

Electricity - imports [time series]

8.537 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 27

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

2.428 million kW (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 97

Electricity - production [time series]

14.83 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 84

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

80 million cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 109

Natural gas - exports [time series]

3.3 billion cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 39

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 101

Natural gas - production [time series]

3.82 billion cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 54

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

127.4 billion cu m (1 January 2013 es) country comparison to the world: 51

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

19,580 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 128

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

953.4 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 107

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

16,140 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 116

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

991.6 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 111

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 799,380 sq km country comparison to the world: 35 land: 786,380 sq km water: 13,000 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly less than twice the size of California

Climate [time series]

tropical to subtropical

Coastline [time series]

2,470 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters; elephant poaching for ivory is a problem

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 0.88 cu km/yr (26%/4%/70%) per capita: 46.05 cu m/yr (2005)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

18 15 S, 35 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

the Zambezi flows through the north-central and most fertile part of the country

Irrigated land [time series]

1,181 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 4,571 km border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 6.51% permanent crops: 0.25% other: 93.24% (2011)

Location [time series]

Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

severe droughts; devastating cyclones and floods in central and southern provinces

Natural resources [time series]

coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite

Terrain [time series]

mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west

Total renewable water resources [time series]

217.1 cu km (2011)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 city (cidade)*; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Cidade de Maputo*, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia

Capital [time series]

name: Maputo geographic coordinates: 25 57 S, 32 35 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

previous 1975, 1990; latest adopted 16 November 2004, effective 21 December 2004; note - draft amendments planned for parliamentary review in late 2013 (2013)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique conventional short form: Mozambique local long form: Republica de Mocambique local short form: Mocambique former: Portuguese East Africa

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Douglas M. GRIFFITHS (6 July 2012) embassy: Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo mailing address: P. O. Box 783, Maputo telephone: [258] (21) 492797 FAX: [258] (21) 490114

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Amelia Narciso Matos SUMBANA (since 2 November 2009) chancery: 1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 293-7146 FAX: [1] (202) 835-0245

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Armando Emilio GUEBUZA (since 2 February 2005) head of government: Prime Minister Alberto Clementino Antonio VAQUINA (since 8 October 2012) cabinet: Cabinet (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for three terms); election last held on 28 October 2009 (next to be held in 2014); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Armando GUEBUZA reelected president; percent of vote - Armando GUEBUZA 76.3%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 14.9%, Daviz SIMANGO 8.8%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book; green represents the riches of the land, white peace, black the African continent, yellow the country's minerals, and red the struggle for independence; the rifle symbolizes defense and vigilance, the hoe refers to the country's agriculture, the open book stresses the importance of education, and the star represents Marxism and internationalism

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

25 June 1975 (from Portugal)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, CPLP, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF (observer), OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 5 judges); Constitutional Council (consists of 7 judges) note - the Higher Council of the Judiciary is responsible for judiciary management and discipline judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by Mozambique president in consultation with the Higher Council of the Judiciary (CSMJ) and with ratification by the legislature; other judges elected by the legislature; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Council judges appointed - 1 by the president, 5 by the legislature, and 1 by the CSMJ; judges serve 5-year nonrenewable terms subordinate courts: Administrative Court (capital city only); provincial courts or Tribunais Judicias de Provincia; District Courts or Tribunais Judicias de Districto; customs courts; maritime courts; courts marshal; labor courts; community courts

Legal system [time series]

mixed legal system of Portuguese civil law, Islamic law, and customary law

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 28 October 2009 (next to be held in 2014) election results: percent of vote by party - FRELIMO 74.7%, RENAMO 17.7%, MDM 3.9%, other 3.7%; seats by party - FRELIMO 191, RENAMO 51, MDM 8

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Patria Amada" (Lovely Fatherland)

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 25 June (1975)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Democratic Movement of Mozambique (Movimento Democratico de Mocambique) or MDM [Daviz SIMANGO] Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Armando Emilio GUEBUZA] Mozambique National Resistance (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana) or RENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development until the mid 1990s. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frelimo) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between Frelimo and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (Renamo) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO stepped down after 18 years in office. His elected successor, Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, promised to continue the sound economic policies that have encouraged foreign investment. President GUEBUZA was reelected to a second term in October 2009. However, the elections were flawed by voter fraud, questionable disqualification of candidates, and Frelimo use of government resources during the campaign. As a result, Freedom House removed Mozambique from its list of electoral democracies.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 4,613,367 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 2,677,473 females age 16-49: 2,941,073 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 274,602 female: 280,008 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Mozambique Armed Defense Forces (Forcas Armadas de Defesa de Mocambique, FADM): Mozambique Army, Mozambique Navy (Marinha de Guerra de Mocambique, MGM), Mozambique Air Force (Forca Aerea de Mocambique, FAM) (2012)

Military expenditures [time series]

0.6% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 158

Military service age and obligation [time series]

registration for military service is mandatory for all males and females at 18 years of age; 18-35 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 18 years of age for voluntary service; 2-year service obligation; women may serve as officers or enlisted (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 45.5% (male 5,515,341/female 5,457,336) 15-24 years: 21.1% (male 2,469,221/female 2,610,720) 25-54 years: 27% (male 3,035,069/female 3,461,519) 55-64 years: 3.5% (male 396,186/female 442,237) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 325,955/female 383,085) (2013 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

39.08 births/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 11

Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]

total number: 1,369,080 percentage: 22 % (2008 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

18.3% (2008) country comparison to the world: 39

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

11.6% (2011)

Death rate [time series]

12.57 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 25

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 94.8 % youth dependency ratio: 88.4 % elderly dependency ratio: 6.4 % potential support ratio: 15.6 (2013)

Drinking water source [time series]

improved: urban: 77% of population rural: 29% of population total: 47% of population unimproved: urban: 23% of population rural: 71% of population total: 53% of population (2010 est.)

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

5% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 76

Ethnic groups [time series]

African 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

11.5% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 8

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

74,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 7

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

1.4 million (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 5

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

6.6% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 95

Hospital bed density [time series]

0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 74.63 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 13 male: 76.78 deaths/1,000 live births female: 72.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)

Languages [time series]

Emakhuwa 25.3%, Portuguese (official) 10.7%, Xichangana 10.3%, Cisena 7.5%, Elomwe 7%, Echuwabo 5.1%, other Mozambican languages 30.1%, other 4% (1997 census)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 52.29 years country comparison to the world: 213 male: 51.54 years female: 53.06 years (2013 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 56.1% male: 70.8% female: 42.8% (2010 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2013)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

MAPUTO (capital) 1.589 million; Matola 761,000 (2009)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

490 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 20

Median age [time series]

total: 16.8 years male: 16.2 years female: 17.5 years (2013 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

18.8 (2003 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Mozambican(s) adjective: Mozambican

Net migration rate [time series]

-2.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 164

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

4.9% (2008) country comparison to the world: 158

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

0.03 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

Population [time series]

24,096,669 (July 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 51 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Population growth rate [time series]

2.44% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 33

Religions [time series]

Catholic 28.4%, Protestant 27.7% (Zionist Christian 15.5%, Evangelical Pentecostal 10.9%, Anglican 1.3%), Muslim 17.9%, other 7.2%, none 18.7% (1997 census)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 38% of population rural: 5% of population total: 18% of population unimproved: urban: 62% of population rural: 95% of population total: 82% of population (2010 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 10 years male: 10 years female: 9 years (2011)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.88 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

5.34 children born/woman (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 12

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 31.2% of total population (2011) rate of urbanization: 3.05% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration

Illicit drugs [time series]

southern African transit point for South Asian hashish and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability make the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

Transportation

Airports [time series]

98 (2013) country comparison to the world: 57

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 21 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 4 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 77 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 29 under 914 m: 38 (2013)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 2 country comparison to the world: 143 by type: cargo 2 foreign-owned: 2 (Belgium 2) (2010)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 972 km; refined products 278 km (2013)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Beira, Maputo, Nacala

Railways [time series]

total: 4,787 km country comparison to the world: 38 narrow gauge: 4,787 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Roadways [time series]

total: 30,331 km country comparison to the world: 96 paved: 6,303 km unpaved: 24,028 km (2009)

Waterways [time series]

460 km (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake) (2010) country comparison to the world: 86