Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 29, FM 4, shortwave 0

Radios [time series]

700,000 (1992 est.)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

fair system of tropospheric scatter, open-wire lines, and microwave radio relay domestic: microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter international : satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones) [time series]

59,000 (1983 est.)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

1

Televisions [time series]

44,000 (1992 est.)

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, rice, tropical fruits; beef, poultry

Budget [time series]

revenues: $252 million expenditures : $607 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 metical (Mt) = 100 centavos

Debt - external [time series]

$5.5 billion (1995)

Economic aid [time series]

recipient : ODA, $NA

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

One of Africa's poorest countries, Mozambique has failed to exploit the economic potential of its sizable agricultural, hydropower, and transportation resources. Agricultural output is at only 75% of its 1981 level, and grain has to be imported. Industry operates at only 20%-40% of capacity. Foreign assistance programs supply the foreign exchange required to pay for imports of goods and services. The peace accord, signed in October 1992, has improved Mozambique's prospects. The restoration of electrical transmission lines to South Africa and the completion of a new transmission line to Zimbabwe (permitting the giant Cahora Bassa hydropower plant to export large amounts of electricity), proposed construction of a natural gas pipeline to South Africa, and reform of transportation services will greatly improve foreign exchange receipts. The Mozambique and South African governments are developing the Maputo corridor, linking the port of Maputo with Witbank, South Africa. In the past few years, more than 500 state enterprises have been privatized, including the country's largest commercial bank and a number of sizable manufacturing firms. Other pending reform measures are the privatization of customs operations, the reform of tax collection, and the facilitation of private enterprise in the transportation, energy, and telecommunications sectors.

Electricity - capacity [time series]

2.36 million kW (1994)

Electricity - consumption per capita [time series]

45 kWh (1993)

Electricity - production [time series]

490 million kWh (1994)

Exchange rates [time series]

meticais (Mt) per US$1 - 11,455.0 (December 1996), 11,293.8 (1996), 9,024.3 (1995), 6,038.6 (1994), 3,874.2 (1993), 2,516.5 (1992)

Exports [time series]

total value : $169 million (f.o.b., 1995) commodities: shrimp 40%, cashews, cotton, sugar, copra, citrus partners: Spain, South Africa, US, Portugal, Japan

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $12.2 billion (1995 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 33% industry: 12% services : 55% (1994 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $670 (1995 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

3% (1995 est.)

Imports [time series]

total value: $784 million (c.i.f., 1995) commodities : food, clothing, farm equipment, petroleum partners: South Africa 44%, UK, France, Japan, Portugal

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

5.8% (1993 est.)

Industries [time series]

food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco

Inflation rate (consumer prices) (Inflation rate - consumer price index) [time series]

22% (1996 est.)

Labor force [time series]

NA by occupation: 80% engaged in agriculture note: in 1993, 47% of the wage earners were employed in industry, 28% in transportation and communication; traditionally, a large number of Mozambicans work abroad

Unemployment rate [time series]

50% (1989 est.)

Area [time series]

total: 801,590 sq km land : 784,090 sq km water: 17,500 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly less than twice the size of California

Climate [time series]

tropical to subtropical

Coastline [time series]

2,470 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Monte Binga 2,436 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

a long civil war and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration of the population to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Desertification, Law of the Sea

Geographic coordinates [time series]

18 15 S, 35 00 E

Irrigated land [time series]

1,180 sq km (1993 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 4,571 km border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 4% permanent crops : 0% permanent pastures: 56% forests and woodland: 18% other: 22% (1993 est.)

Location [time series]

Southern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

exclusive economic zone : 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

severe droughts and floods occur in central and southern provinces; devastating cyclones

Natural resources [time series]

coal, titanium, natural gas

Terrain [time series]

mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west

Administrative divisions [time series]

10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia

Constitution [time series]

30 November 1990

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique conventional short form: Mozambique local long form : Republica Popular de Mocambique local short form: Mocambique

Data code [time series]

MZ

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Peter Michael McKINLEY embassy: Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo mailing address: P. O. Box 783, Maputo telephone : [258] (1) 492797

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Marcos Geraldo NAMASHULUA chancery: Suite 570, 1990 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 293-7146

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO (since 6 November 1986); note - before being popularly elected, CHISSANO was elected president by FRELIMO's Central Committee 4 November 1986 (reelected by the Committee 30 July 1989) head of government: Prime Minister Pascoal MOCUMBI (since NA December 1994) cabinet : Cabinet elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 27 October 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO elected president; percent of vote - Joaquim CHISSANO 53.3%, Afonso DHLAKAMA 33.3%

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[1] (202) 835-0245

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[258] (1) 490114

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

25 June 1975 (from Portugal)

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court, judges appointed by the president and judges elected by the Assembly

Legal system [time series]

based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (250 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote on a secret ballot to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27-29 October 1994 (next to be held NA October 1999) election results: percent of vote by party - Frelimo 44.33%, RENAMO 33.78%, Democratic Union 5.15%, other 16.74%; seats by party - Frelimo 129, RENAMO 112, Democratic Union 9 note: the presidential and legislative elections took place as called for in the 1992 peace accords; RENAMO participated in the elections

Capital (National capital) [time series]

Maputo

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 25 June (1975)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Front for the Liberation of Mozambique or FRELIMO [Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO, chairman]; Mozambique National Resistance or RENAMO [Afonso DHLAKAMA, president]; Democratic Union or DU [Antonio PALANGE, general secretary]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army, Naval Command, Air and Air Defense Forces, Militia

Military expenditures - dollar figure [time series]

$84 million (1994)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

5.3% (1994)

Military manpower - availability [time series]

males age 15-49: 4,149,766 (1997 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service [time series]

males: 2,390,791 (1997 est.)

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 45% (male 4,021,791; female 4,136,853) 15-64 years: 53% (male 4,678,819; female 4,910,085) 65 years and over: 2% (male 173,177; female 244,751) (July 1997 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

44.33 births/1,000 population (1997 est.)

Death rate [time series]

18.31 deaths/1,000 population (1997 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Shangaan, Chokwe, Manyika, Sena, Makua, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%

Infant mortality rate [time series]

122.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1997 est.)

Languages [time series]

Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 44.85 years male: 43.71 years female: 46.02 years (1997 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population : 40.1% male: 57.7% female: 23.3% (1995 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Mozambican(s) adjective: Mozambican

Net migration rate [time series]

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1997 est.)

Population [time series]

18,165,476 (July 1997 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

2.6% (1997 est.)

Religions [time series]

indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over : 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (1997 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

6.11 children born/woman (1997 est.)

Disputes - international [time series]

none

Illicit drugs [time series]

Southern African transit hub for South American cocaine probably destined for the European and US markets; producer of hashish and methaqualone NAMIBIA

Airports [time series]

129 (1996 est.)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 85 over 3,047 m : 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m : 10 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 65 (1996 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 44 1,524 to 2,437 m : 12 914 to 1,523 m: 32 (1996 est.)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 29,810 km paved: 5,545 km unpaved : 24,265 km (1995 est.) note: highway traffic impeded by land mines not removed at end of civil war

Merchant marine [time series]

total : 4 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,694 GRT/9,724 DWT (1996 est.)

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil (not operating) 306 km; petroleum products 289 km

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba

Railways [time series]

total: 3,131 km narrow gauge: 2,988 km 1.067-m gauge; 143 km 0.762-m gauge (1994)

Waterways [time series]

about 3,750 km of navigable routes