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Communications

Airports [time series]

total: 194 usable: 134 with permanent-surface runways: 24 with runways over 3,659 m: 0 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 28

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 26,498 km paved: 4,593 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth 829 km; unimproved earth 21,076 km

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

about 3,750 km of navigable routes

Merchant marine [time series]

4 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,686 GRT/9,742 DWT

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil (not operating) 306 km; petroleum products 289 km

Ports [time series]

Maputo, Beira, Nacala

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

3,288 km total; 3,140 km 1.067-meter gauge; 148 km 0.762-meter narrow gauge; Malawi-Nacala, Malawi-Beira, and Zimbabwe-Maputo lines are subject to closure because of insurgency

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

fair system of troposcatter, open-wire lines, and radio relay; broadcast stations - 29 AM, 4 FM, 1 TV; earth stations - 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 3 domestic Indian Ocean INTELSAT

Defense Forces

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, Naval Command, Air and Air Defense Forces, Militia note: as of early 1994, Mozambique was demobilizing and reorganizing its defence forces

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $118 million, 8% of GDP (1993)

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 3,890,532; fit for military service 2,233,824

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

accounts for 50% of GDP and about 90% of exports; cash crops - cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, shrimp; other crops - cassava, corn, rice, tropical fruits; not self-sufficient in food

Budget [time series]

revenues: $252 million expenditures: $607 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 metical (Mt) = 100 centavos

Economic aid [time series]

recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $350 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.4 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $37 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $890 million

Electricity [time series]

capacity: 2,270,000 kW production: 1.745 billion kWh consumption per capita: 115 kWh (1991)

Exchange rates [time series]

meticais (Mt) per US$1 - 4,941.3 (October 1993), 2,550.40 (1992), 1,763.99 (1991), 1,053.09 (1990), 844.34 (1989)

Exports [time series]

$164.4 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: shrimp 48%, cashews 21%, sugar 10%, copra 3%, citrus 3% partners: US, Western Europe, Germany, Japan

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$5 billion (1992 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Imports [time series]

$1.03 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.) commodities: food, clothing, farm equipment, petroleum partners: US, Western Europe, USSR

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 5% (1989 est.)

Industries [time series]

food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), petroleum products, textiles, nonmetallic mineral products (cement, glass, asbestos), tobacco

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

40% (1993 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $9.8 billion (1993 est.)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$600 (1993 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

4.1% (1993 est.)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

One of Africa's poorest countries, Mozambique has failed to exploit the economic potential of its sizable agricultural, hydropower, and transportation resources. Indeed, national output, consumption, and investment declined throughout the first half of the 1980s because of internal disorders, lack of government administrative control, and a growing foreign debt. A sharp increase in foreign aid, attracted by an economic reform policy, resulted in successive years of economic growth in the late 1980s, but aid has declined steadily since 1989. Agricultural output is at only 75% of its 1981 level, and grain has to be imported. Industry operates at only 20-40% of capacity. The economy depends heavily on foreign assistance to keep afloat. Peace accords signed in October 1992 improved chances of foreign investment, aided IMF-supported economic reforms, and supported continued economic recovery.

Unemployment rate [time series]

50% (1989 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 801,590 sq km land area: 784,090 sq km comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of California

Climate [time series]

tropical to subtropical

Coastline [time series]

2,470 km

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

current issues: civil strife in the hinterlands has resulted in increased migration to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters natural hazards: severe drought and floods occur in central and southern provinces international agreements: party to - Endangered Species; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

none

Irrigated land [time series]

1,150 sq km (1989 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total 4,571 km, Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 4% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 56% forest and woodland: 20% other: 20%

Location [time series]

Southern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel between South Africa and Tanzania opposite the island of Madagascar

Map references [time series]

Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural resources [time series]

coal, titanium

Terrain [time series]

mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia

Capital [time series]

Maputo

Constitution [time series]

30 November 1990

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Hipolito Pereira Zozimo PATRICIO chancery: Suite 570, 1990 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: (202) 293-7146

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO (since 6 November 1986) head of government: Prime Minister Mario da Graca MACHUNGO (since 17 July 1986) cabinet: Cabinet

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

(202) 835-0245

Diplomatic representation in the US (FAX) [time series]

[258] (1) 49-01-14

Flag [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book

Independence [time series]

25 June 1975 (from Portugal)

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court

Legal system [time series]

based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica); draft electoral law provides for periodic, direct presidential and Assembly elections

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INMARSAT, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique conventional short form: Mozambique local long form: Republica Popular de Mocambique local short form: Mocambique

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 25 June (1975)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO), Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO, chairman; formerly a Marxist organization with close ties to the USSR; FRELIMO was the only legal party before 30 November 1990, when the new Constitution went into effect establishing a multiparty system note: under the terms of the 1992 peace accords multiparty elections are scheduled for October 1994; 11 parties, including the Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO), Alfonso DHLAKAMA, president, are registered to participate

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Dennis JETT embassy: Avenida Kenneth Kuanda, 193 Maputo mailing address: P. O. Box 783, Maputo telephone: [258] (1) 49-27-97

People

Birth rate [time series]

44.97 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Death rate [time series]

16.33 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

indigenous tribal groups, Europeans about 10,000, Euro-Africans 35,000, Indians 15,000

Infant mortality rate [time series]

128.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

Labor force [time series]

NA by occupation: 90% engaged in agriculture

Languages [time series]

Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 48.49 years male: 46.63 years female: 50.41 years (1994 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 33% male: 45% female: 21%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Mozambican(s) adjective: Mozambican

Net migration rate [time series]

30.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

Population [time series]

17,346,280 (July 1994 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

5.87% (1994 est.)

Religions [time series]

indigenous beliefs 60%, Christian 30%, Muslim 10%

Total fertility rate [time series]

6.25 children born/woman (1994 est.)