Yemen

state-run TV with 2 stations; state-run radio with 2 national radio stations and 5 local stations; stations from Oman and Saudi Arabia can be accessed (2007)

.ye

33,206 (2012) country comparison to the world: 105

2.349 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 71

general assessment: since unification in 1990, efforts have been made to create a national telecommunications network domestic: the national network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, tropospheric scatter, GSM and CDMA mobile-cellular telephone systems; fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity remains low by regional standards international: country code - 967; landing point for the international submarine cable Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti

1.075 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 74

11.668 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 68

grain, fruits, vegetables, pulses, qat, coffee, cotton; dairy products, livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, camels), poultry; fish

revenues: $7.63 billion expenditures: $12.01 billion (2012 est.)

-12% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 208

NA%

25% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 12 25% (31 December 2011 est.)

-$2.19 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 140 -$1.663 billion (2011 est.)

$6.726 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 105 $6.314 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

37.7 (2005) country comparison to the world: 72 33.4 (1998)

Yemen is a low income country that is highly dependent on declining oil resources for revenue. Petroleum accounts for roughly 25% of GDP and 70% of government revenue. Yemen has tried to counter the effects of its declining oil resources by diversifying its economy through an economic reform program initiated in 2006 that is designed to bolster non-oil sectors of the economy and foreign investment. In October 2009, Yemen exported its first liquefied natural gas as part of this diversification effort. In January 2010, the international community established the Friends of Yemen group that aims to support Yemen's efforts toward economic and political reform. The Arab revolution that began in early 2011 caused GDP to plunge more than 10% in 2011, and GDP in 2012 began a modest recovery but has not reached pre-2011 levels. Yemen continues to face difficult long term challenges, including declining water resources, high unemployment, and a high population growth rate.

Yemeni rials (YER) per US dollar - 215.6 (2012 est.) 213.8 (2011 est.) 219.59 (2010 est.) 202.85 (2009) 199.76 (2008)

$7.958 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 101 $8.662 billion (2011 est.)

crude oil, coffee, dried and salted fish, liquefied natural gas

China 29.5%, Thailand 13.4%, South Korea 10.6%, India 7.5%, Japan 6%, US 5.8%, UAE 4.7% (2011)

calendar year

$36.37 billion (2012 est.)

$57.76 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 91 $58.91 billion (2011 est.) $65.8 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

agriculture: 7.9% industry: 40.6% services: 51.5% (2012 est.)

$2,200 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 189 $2,300 (2011 est.) $2,700 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

-1.9% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 204 -10.5% (2011 est.) 7.7% (2010 est.)

lowest 10%: 2.9% highest 10%: 30.8% (2005)

$8.893 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 103 $8.248 billion (2011 est.)

food and live animals, machinery and equipment, chemicals

UAE 18.8%, China 11.8%, Saudi Arabia 8.9%, Kuwait 6.6%, India 6.5%, France 4.7%, US 4.2% (2011)

9% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 17

11.4% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 202 19.5% (2011 est.)

17.8% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 122

7.158 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 63

note: most people are employed in agriculture and herding; services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than one-fourth of the labor force

$NA

45.2% (2003)

42.5% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 82 36.9% of GDP (2011 est.)

$4.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 94 $4.531 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

$10.59 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 106 $10.17 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

$NA

$8.817 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 104 $7.662 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

$4.868 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 103 $4.645 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

21% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 153

35% (2003 est.) country comparison to the world: 183

26.5 million Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 78

191,100 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 32

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 145

162,100 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 42

2.88 billion bbl (1 January 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 31

4.7 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 116

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 151

100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 2

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 153

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 151

1.33 million kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 117

6.339 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 110

760 million cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 95

5.48 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 82

6.24 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 51

478.5 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 33

177,000 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 61

18,140 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 75

61,950 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 62

83,130 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 78

total: 527,968 sq km country comparison to the world: 50 land: 527,968 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Perim, Socotra, the former Yemen Arab Republic (YAR or North Yemen), and the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY or South Yemen)

slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming

mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east

1,906 km

lowest point: Arabian Sea 0 m highest point: Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,760 m

limited natural freshwater resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

total: 6.63 cu km/yr (4%/1%/95%) per capita: 316 cu m/yr (2000)

15 00 N, 48 00 E

strategic location on Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, one of world's most active shipping lanes

6,800 sq km (2003)

total: 1,746 km border countries: Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km

arable land: 2.91% permanent crops: 0.25% other: 96.84% (2005)

Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia

Middle East

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

sandstorms and dust storms in summer volcanism: limited volcanic activity; Jebel at Tair (Jabal al-Tair, Jebel Teir, Jabal al-Tayr, Jazirat at-Tair) (elev. 244 m), which forms an island in the Red Sea, erupted in 2007 after awakening from dormancy; other historically active volcanoes include Harra of Arhab, Harras of Dhamar, Harra es-Sawad, and Jebel Zubair, although many of these have not erupted in over a century

petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble; small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper; fertile soil in west

narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula

4.1 cu km (1997)

20 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah) and 1 municipality*; Abyan, 'Adan (Aden), Ad Dali', Al Bayda', Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, Amanat al 'Asimah (Sanaa City)*, 'Amran, Dhamar, Hadramawt, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Ma'rib, Raymah, Sa'dah, San'a' (Sanaa), Shabwah, Ta'izz

name: Sanaa geographic coordinates: 15 21 N, 44 12 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001

conventional long form: Republic of Yemen conventional short form: Yemen local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Yamaniyah local short form: Al Yaman former: Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]

chief of mission: Ambassador Gerald M. FEIERSTEIN embassy: Sa'awan Street, Sanaa mailing address: P. O. Box 22347, Sanaa telephone: [967] (1) 755-2000 ext. 2153 or 2266 FAX: [967] (1) 303-182

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Adel Ali Ahmed AL-SUNAINI chancery: 2319 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 965-4760 FAX: [1] (202) 337-2017

chief of state: President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI (Field Marshal) (since 25 February 2012) head of government: Prime Minister Muhammad Salim BA SINDWAH (since 27 November 2011) cabinet: on 27 November 2011, Vice President HADI requested Interim Prime Minister Muhammad Salim BA SINDWAH to form a new government following the resignation of President SALIH on 24 November (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term based on constitution; however a special election was held on 21 February 2012 to remove Ali Abdallah SALIH based on a GCC-mediated deal during the political crisis of 2011 (next election to be held in 2014); vice president appointed by the president but position is vacant; prime minister appointed by the president election results: Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI elected as a consensus president with about 50% popular participation; no other candidates

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the band colors derive from the Arab Liberation flag and represent oppression (black), overcome through bloody struggle (red), to be replaced by a bright future (white) note: similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars in the white band, and of Iraq, which has an Arabic inscription centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt, which has a heraldic eagle centered in the white band

republic

22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen was established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen became independent in November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and became a republic with the overthrow of the theocratic Imamate in 1962; South Yemen became independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Supreme Court

mixed legal system of Islamic law, Napoleonic law, English common law, and customary law

bicameral legislature consisting of a Shura Council (111 seats; members appointed by the president) and House of Representatives (301 seats; members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies to serve six-year terms) elections: last held on 27 April 2003 (scheduled April 2009 election postponed for two years) election results: House of Representatives percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - GPC 238, Islah 47, YSP 6, Nasserite Unionist Party 3, National Arab Socialist Ba'th Party 2, independents 5

name: "al-qumhuriyatu l-muttahida" (United Republic) lyrics/music: Abdullah Abdulwahab NOA'MAN/Ayyoab Tarish ABSI note: adopted 1990; the music first served as the anthem for South Yemen before unification with North Yemen in 1990

Unification Day, 22 May (1990)

golden eagle

General People's Congress or GPC [Ali Abdallah SALIH]; Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah [Muhammed Abdallah AL-YADUMI]; Nasserite Unionist Party [Sultan al-ATWANI]; Yemeni Socialist Party or YSP [Yasin Said NU'MAN]; note - there are at least seven more active political parties

Muslim Brotherhood; Women National Committee other: conservative tribal groups; Huthis, southern secessionist groups; al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)

18 years of age; universal

North Yemen became independent of the Ottoman Empire in 1918. The British, who had set up a protectorate area around the southern port of Aden in the 19th century, withdrew in 1967 from what became South Yemen. Three years later, the southern government adopted a Marxist orientation. The massive exodus of hundreds of thousands of Yemenis from the south to the north contributed to two decades of hostility between the states. The two countries were formally unified as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A southern secessionist movement and brief civil war in 1994 was quickly subdued. In 2000, Saudi Arabia and Yemen agreed to a delimitation of their border. Fighting in the northwest between the government and Huthi rebels, a group seeking a return to traditional Zaydi Islam, began in 2004 and has since resulted in six rounds of fighting - the last ended in early 2010 with a ceasefire that continues to hold. The southern secessionist movement was revitalized in 2008 when a popular socioeconomic protest movement initiated the prior year took on political goals including secession. Public rallies in Sana'a against President SALIH - inspired by similar demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt - slowly built momentum starting in late January 2011 fueled by complaints over high unemployment, poor economic conditions, and corruption. By the following month, some protests had resulted in violence, and the demonstrations had spread to other major cities. By March the opposition had hardened its demands and was unifying behind calls for SALIH's immediate ouster. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in late April 2011, in an attempt to mediate the crisis in Yemen, proposed an agreement in which the president would step down in exchange for immunity from prosecution. SALIH's refusal to sign an agreement led to heavy street fighting and his injury in an explosion in June 2011. The UN Security Council passed Resolution 2014 in October 2011 calling on both sides to end the violence and complete a power transfer deal. In late November 2011, President SALIH signed the GCC-brokered agreement to step down and to transfer some of his powers to Vice President Abd Rabuh Mansur HADI. Following elections in February 2012, won by HADI, SALIH formally transferred his powers.

males age 16-49: 5,652,256 females age 16-49: 5,387,160 (2010 est.)

males age 16-49: 4,056,944 females age 16-49: 4,116,895 (2010 est.)

male: 287,141 female: 277,612 (2010 est.)

a Coast Guard was established in 2002

Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes Marines), Air Force (includes Air Defense Force), Border Guards (2012)

6.6% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 7

voluntary military service program authorized in 2001; 2-year service obligation (2006)

0-14 years: 42.5% (male 5,363,542/ female 5,169,554) 15-64 years: 54.9% (male 6,900,477/ female 6,690,816) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 306,186/ female 341,234) (2012 est.)

32.57 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 35

43.1% (2003) country comparison to the world: 2

6.82 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 137

5.2% of GDP (2008) country comparison to the world: 54

predominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asians, Europeans

0.1% (2001 est.) country comparison to the world: 162

NA

12,000 (2001 est.) country comparison to the world: 91

5.6% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 125

0.7 beds/1,000 population (2009)

total: 53.5 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 38 male: 57.99 deaths/1,000 live births female: 48.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Arabic (official)

total population: 64.11 years country comparison to the world: 172 male: 62.05 years female: 66.27 years (2012 est.)

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 63.9% male: 81.2% female: 46.8% (2010 est.)

SANAA (capital) 2.229 million (2009)

degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

200 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 56

total: 18.3 years male: 18.3 years female: 18.4 years (2012 est.)

noun: Yemeni(s) adjective: Yemeni

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 113

0.3 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

24,771,809 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 47

2.575% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 27

Muslim (Islam - official) including Shaf'i (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shia), small numbers of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu

improved: urban: 94% of population rural: 33% of population total: 52% of population unimproved: urban: 6% of population rural: 67% of population total: 48% of population

total: 9 years male: 11 years female: 7 years (2005)

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

4.45 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 33

urban population: 32% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 4.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Saudi Arabia has reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier along sections of the fully demarcated border with Yemen to stem illegal cross-border activities

refugees (country of origin): 4,686 (Ethiopia) (2011); 226,909 (Somalia) (2013) IDPs: at least 431,000 (conflict in Sa'ada governorate; clashes between AQAP and government forces) (2012)

57 (2012) country comparison to the world: 84

total: 17 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2012)

total: 40 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 16 under 914 m: 9 (2012)

total: 5 country comparison to the world: 126 by type: chemical tanker 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1 registered in other countries: 14 (Moldova 4, Panama 4, Sierra Leone 2, Togo 1, unknown 3) (2010)

gas 423 km; liquid petroleum gas 22 km; oil 1,367 km (2010)

Aden, Al Hudaydah, Al Mukalla

total: 71,300 km country comparison to the world: 65 paved: 6,200 km unpaved: 65,100 km (2005)

the International Maritime Bureau reports offshore waters in the Gulf of Aden are high risk for piracy; numerous vessels, including commercial shipping and pleasure craft, have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crew, passengers, and cargo are held for ransom; the presence of several naval task forces in the Gulf of Aden and additional anti-piracy measures on the part of ship operators reduced the incidence of piracy in that body of water by more than half in 2010