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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

multiple national private TV and radio networks; multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems available; five national or major TV networks; three government-owned networks; five major cable TV networks and a government-operated national TV and radio network; about 300 analog TV stations; more than 1,000 radio stations (2010)

Internet country code [time series]

.ph

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

425,812 (2012) country comparison to the world: 52

Internet users [time series]

8.278 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 34

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: good international radiotelephone and submarine cable services; domestic and interisland service adequate domestic: telecommunications infrastructure includes the following platforms: fixed line, mobile cellular, cable TV, over-the-air TV, radio and Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT), fiber optic cable, and satellite; mobile-cellular communications now dominate the industry international: country code - 63; a series of submarine cables together provide connectivity to Asia, US, the Middle East, and Europe; multiple international gateways

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

3.556 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 46

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

94.19 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 14

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

sugarcane, coconuts, rice, corn, bananas, cassavas, pineapples, mangoes; pork, eggs, beef; fish

Budget [time series]

revenues: $35.16 billion expenditures: $41.57 billion (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-2.7% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 97

Central bank discount rate [time series]

3.8% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 96 3.5% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

7.2% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 135 6.66% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

$12.15 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 27 $7.078 billion (2011 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$68.39 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 52 $72.22 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

45.8 (2006) country comparison to the world: 36 46.6 (2003)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Philippine GDP grew 7.6% in 2010, spurred by consumer demand, a rebound in exports and investments, and election-related spending, before cooling to 3.9% in 2011, and 4.8% in 2012. The economy weathered the 2008-09 global recession better than its regional peers due to minimal exposure to troubled international securities, lower dependence on exports, relatively resilient domestic consumption, large remittances from four- to five-million overseas Filipino workers, and a growing business process outsourcing industry. Economic growth in the Philippines averaged 4.5% during the MACAPAGAL-ARROYO administration (January 2001 - June 2010). Despite this growth, however, poverty worsened during her presidency. The AQUINO administration is working to reduce the government deficit from 3.9% of GDP, when it took office, to 2% of GDP in 2013. The government has had little difficulty issuing debt, both locally and internationally, to finance the deficits. The AQUINO Administration reduced public debt to below 50% of GDP and obtained several ratings upgrades on sovereign debt so that the Philippines is now close to investment grade. However, the lack of government spending, especially on infrastructure, was one of several factors which slowed GDP growth in the second half of 2011, leading the government to announce a stimulus effort and increased public spending on infrastructure in 2012. AQUINO's first budget emphasized education, health, conditional cash transfers for the poor, and other social spending programs, relying mostly on the private sector to finance important infrastructure projects. Weak tax collection, exacerbated by new tax breaks and incentives, has limited the government's ability to address major challenges. The AQUINO administration has vowed to focus on improving tax collection efficiency, rather than imposing new taxes, as a part of its good governance platform. The economy still faces several long-term challenges, including reliance on energy imports and foreign demand for overseas Filipino workers.

Exchange rates [time series]

Philippine pesos (PHP) per US dollar - 42.56 (2012 est.) 43.313 (2011 est.) 45.11 (2010 est.) 47.68 (2009) 44.439 (2008)

Exports [time series]

$52.17 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 58 $47.23 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

semiconductors and electronic products, transport equipment, garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, fruits

Exports - partners [time series]

Japan 18.5%, US 14.8%, China 12.7%, Singapore 8.9%, Hong Kong 7.7%, South Korea 4.6% (2011)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$240.7 billion (2012 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$416.7 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 33 $397.5 billion (2011 est.) $382.5 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 12.4% industry: 31.3% services: 56.4% (2012 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$4,300 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 162 $4,100 (2011 est.) $4,100 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

4.8% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 64 3.9% (2011 est.) 7.6% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 2.6% highest 10%: 33.6% (2009 est.)

Imports [time series]

$63.42 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 48 $62.68 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

electronic products, mineral fuels, machinery and transport equipment, iron and steel, textile fabrics, grains, chemicals, plastic

Imports - partners [time series]

Japan 10.8%, US 10.8%, China 10.1%, Singapore 8.1%, South Korea 7.3%, Thailand 5.8%, Saudi Arabia 5.4%, Malaysia 4.4% (2011)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

1.1% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 136

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

3.4% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 94 4.7% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

19.7% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 103

Labor force [time series]

40.73 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 15

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 33% industry: 15% services: 52% (2010 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$202.3 billion (31 December 2010) country comparison to the world: 37 $130.5 billion (31 December 2009) $85.63 billion (31 December 2008)

Population below poverty line [time series]

26.5% (2009 est.)

Public debt [time series]

50.6% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 61 50.9% of GDP (2011 est.) note: data cover central government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$80.58 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 26 $75.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$132.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 52 $126 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$6.69 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 59 $6.59 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$28.58 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 62 $27.58 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$125.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 50 $112.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$36.67 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 55 $32.18 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

14.6% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 191

Unemployment rate [time series]

6.9% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 78 7% (2011 est.)

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

85.63 million Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 42

Crude oil - exports [time series]

28,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 50

Crude oil - imports [time series]

176,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 37

Crude oil - production [time series]

26,640 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 67

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

138.5 million bbl (1 January 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 70

Electricity - consumption [time series]

51.3 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 45

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 121

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

66.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 121

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

21.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 89

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 167

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

12.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 18

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 124

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

15.58 million kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 43

Electricity - production [time series]

64.16 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 41

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

2.86 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 75

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 139

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 122

Natural gas - production [time series]

2.86 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 55

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

98.54 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 54

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

315,600 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 43

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

29,120 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 68

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

134,200 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 42

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

179,700 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 57

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 300,000 sq km country comparison to the world: 73 land: 298,170 sq km water: 1,830 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly larger than Arizona

Climate [time series]

tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October)

Coastline [time series]

36,289 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Philippine Sea 0 m highest point: Mount Apo 2,954 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

uncontrolled deforestation especially in watershed areas; soil erosion; air and water pollution in major urban centers; coral reef degradation; increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps that are important fish breeding grounds

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 28.52 cu km/yr (17%/9%/74%) per capita: 343 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

13 00 N, 122 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

the Philippine archipelago is made up of 7,107 islands; favorably located in relation to many of Southeast Asia's main water bodies: the South China Sea, Philippine Sea, Sulu Sea, Celebes Sea, and Luzon Strait

Irrigated land [time series]

152,500 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

0 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 19% permanent crops: 16.67% other: 64.33% (2005)

Location [time series]

Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam

Map references [time series]

Southeast Asia

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea up to 285 nm in breadth exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: to depth of exploitation

Natural hazards [time series]

astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms each year; landslides; active volcanoes; destructive earthquakes; tsunamis volcanism: significant volcanic activity; Taal (elev. 311 m), which has shown recent unrest and may erupt in the near future, has been deemed a "Decade Volcano" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Mayon (elev. 2,462 m), the country's most active volcano, erupted in 2009 forcing over 33,000 to be evacuated; other historically active volcanoes include Biliran, Babuyan Claro, Bulusan, Camiguin, Camiguin de Babuyanes, Didicas, Iraya, Jolo, Kanlaon, Makaturing, Musuan, Parker, Pinatubo and Ragang

Natural resources [time series]

timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper

Terrain [time series]

mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands

Total renewable water resources [time series]

479 cu km (1999)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

80 provinces and 39 chartered cities provinces: Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay, Antique, Apayao, Aurora, Basilan, Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Biliran, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Camiguin, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cebu, Compostela, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Dinagat Islands, Eastern Samar, Guimaras, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, La Union, Leyte, Maguindanao, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro Occidental, Mindoro Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Mountain Province, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cotabato, Northern Samar, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Palawan, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, Romblon, Samar, Sarangani, Siquijor, Sorsogon, South Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tarlac, Tawi-Tawi, Zambales, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay chartered cities: Angeles, Antipolo, Bacolod, Baguio, Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Caloocan, Cebu, Cotabato, Dagupan, Davao, General Santos, Iligan, Iloilo, Lapu-Lapu, Las Pinas, Lucena, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Mandaue, Manila, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Naga, Navotas, Olongapo, Ormoc, Paranaque, Pasay, Pasig, Puerto Princesa, Quezon, San Juan, Santiago, Tacloban, Taguig, Valenzuela, Zamboanga (2012)

Capital [time series]

name: Manila geographic coordinates: 14 36 N, 120 58 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of the Philippines conventional short form: Philippines local long form: Republika ng Pilipinas local short form: Pilipinas

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Harry K. THOMAS Jr. embassy: 1201 Roxas Boulevard, Ermita 1000, Manila mailing address: PSC 500, FPO AP 96515-1000 telephone: [63] (2) 301-2000 FAX: [63] (2) 301-2399

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Jose L. CUISIA Jr. chancery: 1600 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 467-9300 FAX: [1] (202) 467-9417 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands), San Francisco, Tamuning (Guam)

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Benigno AQUINO (since 30 June 2010); Vice President Jejomar BINAY (since 30 June 2010); note - president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Benigno AQUINO (since 30 June 2010) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with consent of Commission of Appointments (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president and vice president elected on separate tickets by popular vote for a single six-year term; election held on 10 May 2010 (next election to be held in May 2016) election results: Benigno AQUINO elected president; percent of vote - Benigno AQUINO 42.1%, Joseph ESTRADA 26.3%, seven others 31.6%; Jejomar BINAY elected vice president; percent of vote Jejomar BINAY 41.6%, Manuel ROXAS 39.6%, six others 18.8%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red; a white equilateral triangle is based on the hoist side; the center of the triangle displays a yellow sun with eight primary rays; each corner of the triangle contains a small, yellow, five-pointed star; blue stands for peace and justice, red symbolizes courage, the white equal-sided triangle represents equality; the rays recall the first eight provinces that sought independence from Spain, while the stars represent the three major geographical divisions of the country: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao; the design of the flag dates to 1897 note: in wartime the flag is flown upside down with the red band at the top

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

12 June 1898 (independence proclaimed from Spain); 4 July 1946 (from the US)

International law organization participation [time series]

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ADB, APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, EAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, PCA, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNMOGIP, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court (15 justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council and serve until 70 years of age); Court of Appeals; Sandigan-bayan (special court for hearing corruption cases of government officials)

Legal system [time series]

mixed legal system of civil, common, Islamic, and customary law

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of the Senate or Senado (24 seats - one-half elected every three years; members elected at large by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Nga Kinatawan (287 seats - 230 members in one tier representing districts and 57 sectoral party-list members in a second tier representing special minorities elected on the basis of one seat for every 2% of the total vote but with each party limited to three seats); a party represented in one tier may not hold seats in the other tier; all House members are elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms note: the constitution limits the House of Representatives to 250 members; the number of members allowed was increased, however, through legislation when in April 2009 the Philippine Supreme Court ruled that additional party members could sit in the House of Representatives if they received the required number of votes elections: Senate - elections last held on 10 May 2010 (next to be held in May 2013); House of Representatives - elections last held on 10 May 2010 (next to be held in May 2013) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Lakas-Kampi CMD 4, LP 4, NP 4, NPC 2, PMP 2, LDP 1, PRP 1, independents 5; note - there are 23 rather than 24 sitting senators because one senator was elected mayor of Manila; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LP 119, Lakas-Kampi CMD 46, NPC 30, NP 22, others 10, independents 1, party-list 55; vacant seats - 1 district and 2 party-list

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Lupang Hinirang" (Chosen Land) lyrics/music: Jose PALMA (revised by Felipe PADILLA de Leon)/Julian FELIPE note: music adopted 1898, original Spanish lyrics adopted 1899, Filipino (Tagalog) lyrics adopted 1956; although the original lyrics were written in Spanish, later English and Filipino versions were created; today, only the Filipino version is used

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 12 June (1898); note - 12 June 1898 was date of declaration of independence from Spain; 4 July 1946 was date of independence from US

National symbol(s) [time series]

Philippine eagle

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Filipino Democrats) or LDP [Edgardo ANGARA]; Lakas ng EDSA-Christian Muslim Democrats or Lakas-CMD [Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO]; Liberal Party or LP [Manuel ROXAS]; Nacionalista Party or NP [Manuel VILLAR]; Nationalist People's Coalition or NPC [Frisco SAN JUAN]; PDP-Laban [Aquilino PIMENTEL]; People's Reform Party [Miriam Defensor SANTIAGO]; Puwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the Philippine Masses) or PMP [Joseph ESTRADA]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

ABONO [Robert ESTRELLA]; AKBAYAN [Walden BELLO]; An Waray [Florencio NOEL]; Anak Mindanao [Mujiv HATAMIN]; ANAKPAWIS [Rafael MARIANO]; ARC [Narciso SANTIAGO III]; Association of Philippine Electric Cooperatives (APEC) [Ponciano PAYUYO]; A TEACHER [Mariano PIAMONTE]; BAGON HENERASYON [Bernadette HERRERA-DY]; Bayan Muna [Teodoro CASINO, Jr.]; Black and White Movement [Vicente ROMANO]; BUHAY [Rene VELARDE]; BUTIL [Leonila CHAVEZ]; CIBAC [Cinchoa CRUZ-GONZALES]; COOP-NATCO [Jose PING-AY]; GABRIELA [Luzviminda ILAGAN]; KABATAAN [Raymon PALATINO]; Kilosbayan [Jovito SALONGA]; YACAP [Carol LOPEZ]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

The Philippine Islands became a Spanish colony during the 16th century; they were ceded to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. In 1935 the Philippines became a self-governing commonwealth. Manuel QUEZON was elected president and was tasked with preparing the country for independence after a 10-year transition. In 1942 the islands fell under Japanese occupation during World War II, and US forces and Filipinos fought together during 1944-45 to regain control. On 4 July 1946 the Republic of the Philippines attained its independence. A 20-year rule by Ferdinand MARCOS ended in 1986, when a "people power" movement in Manila ("EDSA 1") forced him into exile and installed Corazon AQUINO as president. Her presidency was hampered by several coup attempts that prevented a return to full political stability and economic development. Fidel RAMOS was elected president in 1992. His administration was marked by increased stability and by progress on economic reforms. In 1992, the US closed its last military bases on the islands. Joseph ESTRADA was elected president in 1998. He was succeeded by his vice-president, Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, in January 2001 after ESTRADA's stormy impeachment trial on corruption charges broke down and another "people power" movement ("EDSA 2") demanded his resignation. MACAPAGAL-ARROYO was elected to a six-year term as president in May 2004. Her presidency was marred by several corruption allegations but the Philippine economy was one of the few to avoid contraction following the 2008 global financial crisis, expanding each year of her administration. Benigno AQUINO III was elected to a six-year term as president in May 2010. The Philippine Government faces threats from several groups, some of which are on the US Government's Foreign Terrorist Organization list. Manila has waged a decades-long struggle against ethnic Moro insurgencies in the southern Philippines, which has led to a peace accord with the Moro National Liberation Front and on-again/off-again peace talks with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. The decades-long Maoist-inspired New People's Army insurgency also operates through much of the country. The Philippines faces increased tension with China over disputed territorial claims in the South China Sea.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 25,614,135 females age 16-49: 25,035,061 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 20,142,940 females age 16-49: 21,427,792 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 1,060,319 female: 1,021,069 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP): Army, Navy (includes Marine Corps), Air Force (2011)

Military expenditures [time series]

0.9% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 137

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18-23 years of age (officers 20-24) for voluntary military service; applicants must be single male or female Philippine citizens with either 72 college credit hours (enlisted) or a baccalaureate degree (officers) (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 34.3% (male 18,175,763/ female 17,452,488) 15-64 years: 61.3% (male 31,837,152/ female 31,796,606) 65 years and over: 4.3% (male 1,948,152/ female 2,564,841) (2012 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

24.98 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 59

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

20.7% (2003) country comparison to the world: 32

Death rate [time series]

4.98 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 184

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

2.8% of GDP (2008) country comparison to the world: 138

Ethnic groups [time series]

Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Ilocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%, Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%, other 25.3% (2000 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

less than 0.1% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 147

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

fewer than 200 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 110

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

8,700 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 104

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

3.8% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 169

Hospital bed density [time series]

0.5 beds/1,000 population (2006)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 18.75 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 99 male: 21.21 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Languages [time series]

Filipino (official; based on Tagalog) and English (official); eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 71.94 years country comparison to the world: 133 male: 68.99 years female: 75.03 years (2012 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.6% male: 92.5% female: 92.7% (2000 census)

Major urban areas - population (Major cities - population) [time series]

MANILA (capital) 11.449 million; Davao 1.48 million; Cebu City 845,000; Zamboanga 827,000 (2009)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

99 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 73

Median age [time series]

total: 23.1 years male: 22.6 years female: 23.6 years (2012 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Filipino(s) adjective: Philippine

Net migration rate [time series]

-1.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 157

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

4.3% (2003) country comparison to the world: 62

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

1.153 physicians/1,000 population (2004)

Population [time series]

103,775,002 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 12

Population growth rate [time series]

1.873% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 66

Religions [time series]

Catholic 82.9% (Roman Catholic 80.9%, Aglipayan 2%), Muslim 5%, Evangelical 2.8%, Iglesia ni Kristo 2.3%, other Christian 4.5%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%, none 0.1% (2000 census)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 80% of population rural: 69% of population total: 76% of population unimproved: urban: 20% of population rural: 31% of population total: 24% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 12 years male: 12 years female: 12 years (2008)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

3.15 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 55

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 17.4% country comparison to the world: 67 male: 16.2% female: 19.3% (2009)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 49% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 2.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Philippines claims sovereignty over Scarborough Reef (also claimed by China together with Taiwan) and over certain of the Spratly Islands, known locally as the Kalayaan (Freedom) Islands, also claimed by China, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Vietnam; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands; Philippines retains a dormant claim to Malaysia's Sabah State in northern Borneo based on the Sultanate of Sulu's granting the Philippines Government power of attorney to pursue a sovereignty claim on his behalf; maritime delimitation negotiations continue with Palau

Illicit drugs [time series]

domestic methamphetamine production has been a growing problem in recent years despite government crackdowns; major consumer of amphetamines; longstanding marijuana producer mainly in rural areas where Manila's control is limited

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

IDPs: at least 843,000 (government troops fighting the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, the Abu Sayyaf Group, and the New People's Army; clan feuds; natural disasters (December 2012 Typhoon Bopha)) (2013)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

247 (2012) country comparison to the world: 25

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 83 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 31 914 to 1,523 m: 31 under 914 m: 9 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 164 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 60 under 914 m: 101 (2012)

Heliports [time series]

2 (2012)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 446 country comparison to the world: 23 by type: bulk carrier 76, cargo 152, carrier 12, chemical tanker 27, container 17, liquefied gas 5, passenger 7, passenger/cargo 65, petroleum tanker 44, refrigerated cargo 20, roll on/roll off 11, vehicle carrier 10 foreign-owned: 159 (Bermuda 47, China 4, Denmark 2, Germany 2, Greece 5, Japan 77, Malaysia 1, Netherlands 17, Singapore 1, South Korea 1, Taiwan 1, UAE 1) registered in other countries: 7 (Cyprus 1, Panama 5, unknown 1) (2010)

Pipelines [time series]

gas 7 km; oil 107 km; refined products 181 km (2010)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Liman, Manila

Railways [time series]

total: 995 km country comparison to the world: 88 narrow gauge: 995 km 1.067-m gauge (484 km are in operation) (2010)

Roadways [time series]

total: 213,151 km country comparison to the world: 23 paved: 54,481 km unpaved: 158,670 km (2009)

Transportation - note [time series]

the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the South China Sea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; hijacked vessels are often disguised and cargo diverted to ports in East Asia; crews have been murdered or cast adrift

Waterways [time series]

3,219 km (limited to vessels with draft less than 1.5 m) (2011) country comparison to the world: 31