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Communications

Internet users (Internet Service Providers (ISPs)) [time series]

16 (2000)

Internet country code [time series]

.pt

Internet users [time series]

4.4 million (2002)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 47, FM 172 (many are repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)

Radios [time series]

3.02 million (1997)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: undergoing rapid development in recent years, Portugal's telephone system, by the end of 1998, achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities and a main line telephone density of 53% domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations international: 6 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region) is planned

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

5.3 million (yearend 1998)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

3,074,194 (1999)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

62 (plus 166 repeaters) note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands (1995)

Televisions [time series]

3.31 million (1997)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, beef, dairy products

Budget [time series]

revenues: $45 billion expenditures: $48 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

euro (EUR); Portuguese escudo (PTE) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Exchange rates (Currency code) [time series]

EUR; PTE

Debt - external [time series]

$13.1 billion (1997 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

36 (1994-95 )

Economic aid (Economic aid - donor) [time series]

ODA, $271 million (1995) (1995)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community in 1986. Over the past decade, successive governments have privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country qualified for the European Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and began circulating its new currency, the euro, on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU member economies. Economic growth has been above the EU average for much of the past decade, but fell back in 2001-02. GDP per capita stands at 75% of that of the leading EU economies. A poor educational system, in particular, has been an obstacle to greater productivity and growth. Portugal has been increasingly overshadowed by lower-cost producers in Central Europe and Asia as a target for foreign direct investment. The new coalition government faces tough choices in its attempts to boost Portugal's economic competitiveness and to keep the budget deficit within the 3% EU ceiling.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

41.146 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - exports [time series]

3.767 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - imports [time series]

4.698 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - production [time series]

43.242 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - production by source [time series]

fossil fuel: 70% hydro: 26% other: 4% (2000) nuclear: 0%

Exchange rates [time series]

euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Portuguese escudos per US dollar - 180.10 (1998), 175.31 (1997)

Exports [time series]

$25.9 billion f.o.b. (2001)

Exports - commodities [time series]

clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper products, hides

Exports - partners [time series]

EU 79.7% (Germany 19.2%, Spain 18.6%, France 12.6%, UK 10.3%, Benelux 5.4%), US 5.8% (2001)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $182 billion (2002 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 4% industry: 29% services: 68% (2001)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita) [time series]

purchasing power parity - $18,000 (2002 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

0.8% (2002 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 28% (1995 est.)

Imports [time series]

$39 billion f.o.b. (2001)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum, textiles, agricultural products

Imports - partners [time series]

EU 74.2% (Spain 26.5%, Germany 13.9%, France 10.3%, Italy 6.7%, UK 5.0%), US 3.8%, Japan 1.9% (2001)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

1.5% (2002 est.)

Industries [time series]

textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

3.7% (2002 est.)

Labor force [time series]

5.1 million (2000)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

services 60%, industry 30%, agriculture 10% (1999 est.)

Population below poverty line [time series]

NA%

Unemployment rate [time series]

4.7% (2002 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 92,391 sq km land: 91,951 sq km note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands water: 440 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Indiana

Climate [time series]

maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Coastline [time series]

1,793 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban

Geographic coordinates [time series]

39 30 N, 8 00 W

Geography - note [time series]

Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

Irrigated land [time series]

6,320 sq km (1998 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 1,214 km border countries: Spain 1,214 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 20.57% permanent crops: 7.74% other: 71.69% (1999 est.)

Location [time series]

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

contiguous zone: 24 NM territorial sea: 12 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM

Natural hazards [time series]

Azores subject to severe earthquakes

Natural resources [time series]

fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble, arable land, hydropower

Terrain [time series]

mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu

Capital [time series]

Lisbon

Constitution [time series]

25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982, 1 June 1989, 5 November 1992, and 3 September 1997

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Portuguese Republic conventional short form: Portugal local long form: Republica Portuguesa local short form: Portugal

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador John N. PALMER embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon, Apartado 4258, 1507 Lisboa CODEX mailing address: PSC 83, APO AE 09726 telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300 FAX: [351] (21) 727-9109 consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores)

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Pedro Manuel Dos Reis Alves CATARINO consulate(s): Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island) consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco FAX: [1] (202) 462-3726 telephone: [1] (202) 328-8610 chancery: 2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Jorge SAMPAIO (since 9 March 1996) note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president head of government: Prime Minister Jose Manuel DURAO Barroso (since 6 April 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA January 2006); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president election results: Jorge SAMPAIO reelected president; percent of vote - Jorge SAMPAIO (Socialist) 55.8%, Joaquim FERREIRA Do Amaral (Social Democrat) 34.5%, Antonio ABREU (Communist) 5.1%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line

Government type [time series]

parliamentary democracy

Independence [time series]

1143 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910)

International organization participation [time series]

AfDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)

Legal system [time series]

civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 17 March 2002 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - PSD 40.1%, PS 37.8%, PP 8.7%, PCP/PEV 6.9%, The Left Bloc 2.7%; seats by party - PSD 105, PS 96, PP 14, PCP/PEV 12, The Left Bloc 3

National holiday [time series]

Portugal Day, 10 June (1580)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

The Greens or PEV [no leader]; Popular Party or PP [Paulo PORTAS]; Portuguese Communist Party/The Greens or PCP/PEV [Carlos CARVALHAS]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Eduardo Ferro RODRIGUES]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Jose Manuel DURAO Barroso]; United Democratic Coalition or CDU [leader NA]; The Left Bloc [no leader]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Following its heyday as a world power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal entered the EC (now the EU) in 1985.

Military

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army, Navy (PON) (includes Marines), Air Force, Republican Guard (includes Fiscal Guard)

Military expenditures - dollar figure [time series]

$1.286 billion (FY99/00)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

2.2% (FY99/00)

Military manpower - availability [time series]

males age 15-49: 2,525,848 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service [time series]

males age 15-49: 2,024,526 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - military age [time series]

20 years of age (2002 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually [time series]

males: 71,404 (2002 est.)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 16.9% (male 875,485; female 827,670) 15-64 years: 67.3% (male 3,324,215; female 3,463,301) 65 years and over: 15.8% (male 644,761; female 948,813) (2002 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

11.5 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Death rate [time series]

10.21 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.74% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

280 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

36,000 (1999 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

5.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

Languages [time series]

Portuguese

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 76.14 years female: 79.87 years (2002 est.) male: 72.65 years

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 87.4% male: NA% female: NA%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Portuguese (singular and plural) adjective: Portuguese

Net migration rate [time series]

0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Population [time series]

10,084,245 (July 2002 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

0.18% (2002 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant (1995)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.48 children born/woman (2002 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

none

Illicit drugs [time series]

gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

Transportation

Airports [time series]

67 (2001)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 40 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 7 (2002)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 26 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 25 (2002)

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

total: 68,732 km paved: 59,110 km (including 797 km of expressways) unpaved: 9,622 km (1999)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 140 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,001,440 GRT/1,519,701 DWT ships by type: bulk 10, cargo 71, chemical tanker 17, container 10, liquefied gas 8, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, petroleum tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 6, short-sea passenger 4, vehicle carrier 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 1, British Virgin Islands 1, Cyprus 1, Denmark 6, Germany 20, Greece 1, Iceland 1, Italy 16, Lebanon 1, Liberia 1, Monaco 2, Norway 5, Panama 5, Spain 22, Switzerland 8, United Kingdom 1, Virgin Islands (UK) 1 (2002 est.)

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil 22 km; petroleum products 58 km; natural gas 700 km note: the secondary lines for the natural gas pipeline that will be 300 km long have not yet been built

Ports (Ports and harbors) [time series]

Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores), Setubal, Viana do Castelo

Railways [time series]

total: 2,850 km broad gauge: 2,576 km 1.668-m gauge (623 km electrified; 426 km double-tracked) narrow gauge: 274 km 1.000-m gauge (2001)

Waterways [time series]

820 km note: relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton or less cargo capacity