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Communications

Airports [time series]

total: 64 usable: 62 with permanent-surface runways: 36 with runways over 3,659 m: 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 11

Roadways (Highways) [time series]

73,661 km total; 61,599 km surfaced (bituminous, gravel, and crushed stone), including 140 km of limited-access divided highway; 7,962 km improved earth; 4,100 km unimproved earth (motorable tracks)

Waterways (Inland waterways) [time series]

820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300-metric-ton cargo capacity

Merchant marine [time series]

51 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 634,072 GRT/1,130,515 DWT; includes 1 short-sea passenger, 21 cargo, 3 refrigerated cargo, 3 container, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 13 oil tanker, 2 chemical tanker, 5 bulk, 2 liquified gas; note - Portugal has created a captive register on Madeira (MAR) for Portuguese-owned ships that will have the taxation and crewing benefits of a flag of convenience; although only one ship currently is known to fly the Portuguese flag on the MAR register, it is likely that a majority of Portuguese flag ships will transfer to this subregister in a few years

Pipelines [time series]

crude oil 11 km; petroleum products 58 km

Ports [time series]

Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Velas (Azores), Setubal, Sines

Railways (Railroads) [time series]

3,625 km total; state-owned Portuguese Railroad Co. (CP) operates 2,858 km 1.665-meter gauge (434 km electrified and 426 km double track), 755 km 1.000-meter gauge; 12 km (1.435-meter gauge) electrified, double track, privately owned

Telecommunication systems (Telecommunications) [time series]

generally adequate integrated network of coaxial cables, open wire and microwave radio relay; 2,690,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 57 AM, 66 (22 repeaters) FM, 66 (23 repeaters) TV; 6 submarine cables; 3 INTELSAT earth stations (2 Atlantic Ocean, 1 Indian Ocean), EUTELSAT, domestic satellite systems (mainland and Azores); tropospheric link to Azores

Defense Forces

Affiliation [time series]

(commonwealth associated with the US)

Military and security forces (Branches) [time series]

Army, Navy (including Marines), Air Force, National Republican Guard, Fiscal Guard, Public Security Police

Military expenditures (Defense expenditures) [time series]

exchange rate conversion - $2.4 billion, 2.9% of GDP (1992)

Manpower availability [time series]

males age 15-49 2,696,325; fit for military service 2,188,041; reach military age (20) annually 88,735 (1993 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture) [time series]

accounts for 6.1% of GDP and 20% of labor force; small, inefficient farms; imports more than half of food needs; major crops - grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; livestock sector - sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, meat, dairy products

Budget [time series]

revenues $27.3 billion; expenditures $33.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $4.5 billion (1991)

Exchange rates (Currency) [time series]

1 Portuguese escudo (Esc) = 100 centavos

Economic aid [time series]

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.8 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.2 billion

Electricity [time series]

6,624,000 kW capacity; 26,400 million kWh produced, 2,520 kWh per capita (1992)

Exchange rates [time series]

Portuguese escudos (Esc) per US$1 - 145.51 (January 1993), 135.00 (1992), 144.48 (1991), 142.55 (1990), 157.46 (1989), 143.95 (1988)

Exports [time series]

$16.3 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.) commodities: cotton textiles, cork and paper products, canned fish, wine, timber and timber products, resin, machinery, appliances partners: EC 75.4%, other developed countries 12.4%, US 3.8% (1991)

Debt - external (External debt) [time series]

$16.9 billion (1992 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

Illicit drugs [time series]

increasingly important gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering the European market

Imports [time series]

$26.0 billion (c.i.f., 1992 est.) commodities: machinery and transport equipment, agricultural products, chemicals, petroleum, textiles partners: EC 72%, other developed countries 10.9% less developed countries 12.9%, US 3.4%

Industrial production growth rate (Industrial production) [time series]

growth rate 9.1% (1990); accounts for 40% of GDP

Industries [time series]

textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

9% (1992)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (National product) [time series]

GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $93.7 billion (1992)

Real GDP per capita (National product per capita) [time series]

$9,000 (1992)

Real GDP growth rate (National product real growth rate) [time series]

1.1% (1992)

Economic overview (Overview) [time series]

Although Portugal has experienced strong growth since joining the EC in 1986 - at least 4% each year through 1990 - it remains one of the poorest members. To prepare for the European single market, the government is restructuring and modernizing the economy and in 1989 embarked on a major privatization program. As of 1 January 1993, Lisbon has fully liberalized its capital markets and most trade markets. The global slowdown and tight monetary policies to counter inflation caused growth to slow in 1991 and 1992. Growth probably will remain depressed in 1993, but should pick up again in 1994.

Unemployment rate [time series]

5% (1992)

Geography

Area [time series]

total area: 92,080 km2 land area: 91,640 km2 comparative area: slightly smaller than Indiana note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands

Climate [time series]

maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Coastline [time series]

1,793 km

Environment - current issues (Environment) [time series]

Azores subject to severe earthquakes

Disputes - international (International disputes) [time series]

sovereignty over Timor Timur (East Timor Province) disputed with Indonesia

Irrigated land [time series]

6,340 km2 (1989 est.)

Land boundaries [time series]

total 1,214 km, Spain 1,214 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 32% permanent crops: 6% meadows and pastures: 6% forest and woodland: 40% other: 16%

Location [time series]

Southern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean west of Spain

Map references [time series]

Africa, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims [time series]

continental shelf: 200 m depth or to depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural resources [time series]

fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble

Note [time series]

Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

Terrain [time series]

mountainous north of the Tagus, rolling plains in south

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions*, (regioes autonomas, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo,, Vila Real, Viseu

Capital [time series]

Lisbon

Constitution [time series]

25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982 and 1 June 1989

Dependent areas [time series]

Macau (scheduled to become a Special Administrative Region of China on 20 December 1999)

Digraph [time series]

Diplomatic representation in the US (Diplomatic representation in US) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Francisco Jose Laco Treichler KNOPFLI chancery: 2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington DC 20008 telephone: (202) 328-8610 consulates general: Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco consulates: Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), and Providence (Rhode Island)

Executive branch (Elections) [time series]

President: last held 13 February 1991 (next to be held NA February 1996); results - Dr. Mario Lopes SOARES 70%, Basilio HORTA 14%, Carlos CARVALHAS 13%, Carlos MARQUES 3% Assembly of the Republic: last held 6 October 1991 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - PSD 50.4%, PS 29.3%, CDU 8.8%, Center Democrats 4.4%, National Solidarity Party 1.7%, PRD 0.6%, other 4.8%; seats - (230 total) PSD 135, PS 72, CDU 17, Center Democrats 5, National Solidarity Party 1

Executive branch [time series]

president, Council of State, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

Flag [time series]

two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line

Independence [time series]

1140 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910)

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justica)

Executive branch (Leaders) [time series]

Chief of State: President Dr. Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes SOARES (since 9 March 1986) Head of Government: Prime Minister Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 6 November 1985)

Legal system [time series]

civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica)

International organization participation (Member of) [time series]

AfDB, Australian Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), LORCS, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Country name (Names) [time series]

conventional long form: Portuguese Republic conventional short form: Portugal local long form: Republica Portuguesa local short form: Portugal

National holiday [time series]

Day of Portugal, 10 June

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Social Democratic Party (PSD), Anibal CAVACO Silva; Portuguese Socialist Party (PS), Antonio GUTERRES; Party of Democratic Renewal (PRD), Pedro CANAVARRO; Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), Carlos CARVALHAS; Social Democratic Center (CDS), Manuel MONTEIRO; National Solidarity Party, Manuel SERGIO; Center Democratic Party; United Democratic Coalition (CDU; Communists)

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Government type (Type) [time series]

republic

Diplomatic representation from the US (US diplomatic representation) [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Everett Ellis BRIGGS embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600 Lisbon mailing address: PSC 83, APO AE 09726 telephone: [351] (1) 726-6600 or 6659, 8670, 8880 FAX: [351] (1) 726-9109 consulate: Ponta Delgada (Azores)

People

Birth rate [time series]

11.59 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate [time series]

9.77 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Ethnic groups (Ethnic divisions) [time series]

homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000

Infant mortality rate [time series]

9.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Labor force [time series]

4,605,700 by occupation: services 45%, industry 35%, agriculture 20% (1988)

Languages [time series]

Portuguese

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 74.89 years male: 71.43 years female: 78.56 years (1993 est.)

Literacy [time series]

age 15 and over can read and write (1990) total population: 85% male: 89% female: 82%

Nationality [time series]

noun: Portuguese (singular and plural) adjective: Portuguese

Net migration rate [time series]

1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Population [time series]

10,486,140 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

0.36% (1993 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant denominations 1%, other 2%

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.45 children born/woman (1993 est.)