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Communications

Broadband - fixed subscriptions [time series]

total: 3,802,644 (2020) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35.51 (2020 est.)

Broadcast media [time series]

22 TV stations operate nationally, with 17 of them in private hands; publicly operated Czech Television has 5 national channels; throughout the country, there are some 350 TV channels in operation, many through cable, satellite, and IPTV subscription services; 63 radio broadcasters are registered, operating over 80 radio stations, including 7 multiregional radio stations or networks; publicly operated broadcaster Czech Radio operates 4 national, 14 regional, and 4 Internet stations; both Czech Radio and Czech Television are partially financed through a license fee (2019)

Internet country code [time series]

.cz

Internet users [time series]

total: 9.43 million (2021 est.) percent of population: 81.34% (2020 est.)

Telecommunication systems [time series]

general assessment: Czechia has a sophisticated telecom market with a developed telephone and Internet service attracting European investment; mobile sector showing steady growth through regulatory support for competition; licensees expanding reach of 5G and LTE networks; mobile penetration among the highest in the EU; operators extended fiber to an additional 143 rural zones in 2020 and commit to extending fiber to one million premises by 2027; its top import is broadcasting equipment from China (2020) domestic: 14 per 100 fixed-line and mobile telephone usage increased to 124 per 100 mobile-cellular, the number of cellular telephone subscriptions now greatly exceeds the population (2019) international: country code - 420; satellite earth stations - 6 (2 Intersputnik - Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions, 1 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1 Globalstar) (2019) note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced downturn, particularly in mobile device production; many network operators delayed upgrades to infrastructure; progress towards 5G implementation was postponed or slowed in some countries; consumer spending on telecom services and devices was affected by large-scale job losses and the consequent restriction on disposable incomes; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home became evident, and received some support from governments

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 1,316,316 (2020) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12.29 (2020 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total subscriptions: 12,999,353 (2020) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 121.4 (2020 est.)

Economy

Agricultural products [time series]

wheat, sugar beet, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, maize, pork, triticale, poultry

Budget [time series]

revenues: 87.37 billion (2017 est.) expenditures: 83.92 billion (2017 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

1.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Credit ratings [time series]

Fitch rating: AA- (2018) Moody's rating: Aa3 (2019) Standard & Poors rating: AA- (2011)

Current account balance [time series]

-$678 million (2019 est.) $1.259 billion (2018 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$191.871 billion (2019 est.) $200.197 billion (2018 est.)

Economic overview [time series]

Czechia is a prosperous market economy that boasts one of the highest GDP growth rates and lowest unemployment levels in the EU, but its dependence on exports makes economic growth vulnerable to contractions in external demand. Czechia’s exports comprise some 80% of GDP and largely consist of automobiles, the country’s single largest industry. Czechia acceded to the EU in 2004 but has yet to join the euro-zone. While the flexible koruna helps Czechia weather external shocks, it was one of the world’s strongest performing currencies in 2017, appreciating approximately 16% relative to the US dollar after the central bank (Czech National Bank - CNB) ended its cap on the currency’s value in early April 2017, which it had maintained since November 2013. The CNB hiked rates in August and November 2017 - the first rate changes in nine years - to address rising inflationary pressures brought by strong economic growth and a tight labor market. Since coming to power in 2014, the new government has undertaken some reforms to try to reduce corruption, attract investment, and improve social welfare programs, which could help increase the government’s revenues and improve living conditions for Czechs. The government introduced in December 2016 an online tax reporting system intended to reduce tax evasion and increase revenues. The government also plans to remove labor market rigidities to improve the business climate, bring procurement procedures in line with EU best practices, and boost wages. The country's low unemployment rate has led to steady increases in salaries, and the government is facing pressure from businesses to allow greater migration of qualified workers, at least from Ukraine and neighboring Central European countries. Long-term challenges include dealing with a rapidly aging population, a shortage of skilled workers, a lagging education system, funding an unsustainable pension and health care system, and diversifying away from manufacturing and toward a more high-tech, services-based, knowledge economy.

Exchange rates [time series]

koruny (CZK) per US dollar - 21.76636 (2020 est.) 23.0629 (2019 est.) 22.71439 (2018 est.) 24.599 (2014 est.) 20.758 (2013 est.)

Exports [time series]

$174.92 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2020 est.) $186.54 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2019 est.) $191.69 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2018 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

cars and vehicle parts, computers, broadcasting equipment, office machinery/parts, seating (2019)

Exports - partners [time series]

Germany 31%, Slovakia 7%, Poland 6%, France 5% (2019)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$250.631 billion (2019 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 47.4% (2017 est.) government consumption: 19.2% (2017 est.) investment in fixed capital: 24.7% (2017 est.) investment in inventories: 1.1% (2017 est.) exports of goods and services: 79.9% (2017 est.) imports of goods and services: -72.3% (2017 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 2.3% (2017 est.) industry: 36.9% (2017 est.) services: 60.8% (2017 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income [time series]

24.9 (2017 est.) 25.1 (2014)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 4.1% highest 10%: 21.7% (2015 est.)

Imports [time series]

$157.95 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2020 est.) $171.43 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2019 est.) $176.78 billion note: data are in current year dollars (2018 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

broadcasting equipment, cars and vehicle parts, office machinery/parts, computers, packaged medicines (2019)

Imports - partners [time series]

Germany 27%, China 12%, Poland 9%, Slovakia 5% (2019)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

7.5% (2017 est.)

Industries [time series]

motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

2.8% (2019 est.) 2.1% (2018 est.) 2.4% (2017 est.)

Labor force [time series]

5.222 million (2020 est.)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 2.8% industry: 38% services: 59.2% (2015)

Population below poverty line [time series]

10.1% (2018 est.)

Public debt [time series]

34.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 36.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) [time series]

$409.97 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2020 est.) $434.31 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.) $424.48 billion note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.) note: data are in 2010 dollars

Real GDP growth rate [time series]

2.27% (2019 est.) 3.18% (2018 est.) 5.35% (2017 est.)

Real GDP per capita [time series]

$38,300 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2020 est.) $40,700 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2019 est.) $39,900 note: data are in 2017 dollars (2018 est.) note: data are in 2010 dollars

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$148 billion (31 December 2017 est.) $85.73 billion (31 December 2016 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

40.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate [time series]

2.8% (2019 est.) 3.18% (2018 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 8% male: 7.2% female: 9.2% (2020 est.)

Energy

Crude oil - exports [time series]

446 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - imports [time series]

155,900 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Crude oil - production [time series]

2,000 bbl/day (2018 est.)

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

15 million bbl (1 January 2018 est.)

Electricity - consumption [time series]

62.34 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - exports [time series]

24.79 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

60% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

5% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

19% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

16% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

13.82 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

21.63 million kW (2016 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

77.39 billion kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity access [time series]

electrification - total population: 100% (2020)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

8.721 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - imports [time series]

8.891 billion cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - production [time series]

229.4 million cu m (2017 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

3.964 billion cu m (1 January 2018 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

213,700 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

52,200 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

83,860 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

177,500 bbl/day (2017 est.)

Environment

Air pollutants [time series]

particulate matter emissions: 15.15 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est.) carbon dioxide emissions: 102.22 megatons (2016 est.) methane emissions: 13.11 megatons (2020 est.)

Climate [time series]

temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

Environment - current issues [time series]

air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks; acid rain damaging forests; land pollution caused by industry, mining, and agriculture

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 54.8% (2018 est.) arable land: 41% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 12.8% (2018 est.) forest: 34.4% (2018 est.) other: 10.8% (2018 est.)

Major rivers (by length in km) [time series]

Danube (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km; Elbe river source (shared with Germany [m]) - 1,252 km note [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds (area sq km) [time series]

Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

Revenue from coal [time series]

coal revenues: 0.14% of GDP (2018 est.)

Revenue from forest resources [time series]

forest revenues: 0.17% of GDP (2017 est.)

Total renewable water resources [time series]

13.15 billion cubic meters (2017 est.)

Total water withdrawal [time series]

municipal: 616.6 million cubic meters (2017 est.) industrial: 967.2 million cubic meters (2017 est.) agricultural: 46.6 million cubic meters (2017 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 74.2% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling [time series]

municipal solid waste generated annually: 3.337 million tons (2015 est.) municipal solid waste recycled annually: 850,935 tons (2015 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 25.5% (2015 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 78,867 sq km land: 77,247 sq km water: 1,620 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

about two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than South Carolina

Climate [time series]

temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation [time series]

highest point: Snezka 1,602 m lowest point: Labe (Elbe) River 115 m mean elevation: 433 m

Geographic coordinates [time series]

49 45 N, 15 30 E

Geography - note [time series]

note 1: landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe note 2: the Hranice Abyss in Czechia is the world's deepest surveyed underwater cave at 404 m (1,325 ft); its survey is not complete and it could end up being some 800-1,200 m deep

Irrigated land [time series]

320 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 2,046 km border countries (4): Austria 402 km, Germany 704 km, Poland 699 km, Slovakia 241 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 54.8% (2018 est.) arable land: 41% (2018 est.) permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.) permanent pasture: 12.8% (2018 est.) forest: 34.4% (2018 est.) other: 10.8% (2018 est.)

Location [time series]

Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria

Major rivers (by length in km) [time series]

Major watersheds (area sq km) [time series]

Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

flooding

Natural resources [time series]

hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber, arable land

Population distribution [time series]

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations

Terrain [time series]

Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city* (hlavni mesto); Jihocesky (South Bohemia), Jihomoravsky (South Moravia), Karlovarsky (Karlovy Vary), Kralovehradecky (Hradec Kralove), Liberecky (Liberec), Moravskoslezsky (Moravia-Silesia), Olomoucky (Olomouc), Pardubicky (Pardubice), Plzensky (Pilsen), Praha (Prague)*, Stredocesky (Central Bohemia), Ustecky (Usti), Vysocina (Highlands), Zlinsky (Zlin)

Capital [time series]

name: Prague geographic coordinates: 50 05 N, 14 28 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: the name may derive from an old Slavic root "praga" or "prah", meaning "ford", and refer to the city's origin at a crossing point of the Vltava (Moldau) River

Citizenship [time series]

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Czechia dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Constitution [time series]

history: previous 1960; latest ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993 amendments: passage requires at least three-fifths concurrence of members present in both houses of Parliament; amended several times, last in 2021

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Czech Republic conventional short form: Czechia local long form: Ceska republika local short form: Cesko etymology: name derives from the Czechs, a West Slavic tribe who rose to prominence in the late 9th century A.D.; the country officially adopted the English short-form name of Czechia on 1 July 2016

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jennifer BACHUS (since January 2020) embassy: Trziste 15, 118 01 Praha 1 - Mala Strana mailing address: 5630 Prague Place, Washington DC 20521-5630 telephone: [420] 257-022-000 FAX: [420] 257-022-809 email address and website: ACSPrg@state.gov https://cz.usembassy.gov/

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Hynek KMONICEK (since 24 April 2017) chancery: 3900 Spring of Freedom Lane NW, Washington, DC 20008-3803 telephone: [1] (202) 274-9100 FAX: [1] (202) 966-8540 email address and website: washington@embassy.mzv.cz https://www.mzv.cz/washington/ consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Milos ZEMAN (since 8 March 2013) head of government: Prime Minister Petr FIALA (since 17 December 2021); First Deputy Prime Minister Vit RAKUSAN (since 17 December 2021), Deputy Prime Ministers Marian JURECKA, Ivan BARTOS, Vlastimil VALEK (all since 17 December 2021) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); elections last held on 12-13 January 2018 with a runoff on 26-27 January 2018 (next to be held in January 2023); prime minister appointed by the president for a 4-year term election results: 2018: Milos ZEMAN reelected president in the second round; percent of vote - Milos ZEMAN (SPO) 51.4%, Jiri DRAHOS (independent) 48.6% 2013: Milos ZEMAN elected president; percent of vote - Milos ZEMAN (SPO) 54.8%, Karel SCHWARZENBERG (TOP 09) 45.2%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side note: combines the white and red colors of Bohemia with blue from the arms of Moravia; is identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia

Government type [time series]

parliamentary republic

Independence [time series]

1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia); note - although 1 January is the day the Czech Republic came into being, the Czechs commemorate 28 October 1918, the day the former Czechoslovakia declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as their independence day

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch [time series]

highest courts: Supreme Court (organized into Civil Law and Commercial Division, and Criminal Division each with a court chief justice, vice justice, and several judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 justices); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 36 judges, including the court president and vice president, and organized into 6-, 7-, and 9-member chambers) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges proposed by the Chamber of Deputies and appointed by the president; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; judges appointed for 10-year, renewable terms; Supreme Administrative Court judges selected by the president of the Court; unlimited terms subordinate courts: High Court; regional and district courts

Legal system [time series]

new civil code enacted in 2014, replacing civil code of 1964 - based on former Austro-Hungarian civil codes and socialist theory - and reintroducing former Czech legal terminology

Legislative branch [time series]

description: bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of: Senate or Senat (81 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 6-year terms with one-third of the membership renewed every 2 years) Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members directly elected in 14 multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote with a 5% threshold required to fill a seat; members serve 4-year terms) elections: Senate - last held in 2 rounds on 2-3 and 9-10 October 2020 (next to be held in October 2022) Chamber of Deputies - last held on 8-9 October 2021 (next to be held by October 2025) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - STAN 19, ODS 18, KDU-CSL 12, ANO 5, TOP 09 5, CSSD 3, SEN 21 3, Pirates 2, SZ 1, minor parties with one seat each 9, independents 4; composition (as of October 2021) - men 69, women 12, percent of women 14.8% Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party SPOLU 27.8%, Action of Dissatisfied Persons 27.1%, Pirates and Mayors 15.6%, Freedom and Direct Democracy 9.6%, other 19.9%; seats by party - Action of Dissatisfied Persons 72, SPOLU 71, Pirates and Mayors 37, Freedom and Direct Democracy 20; composition (as of October 2021) - men 154, women 46, percent of women 23%; note - total Parliament percent of women 26%

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Kde domov muj?" (Where is My Home?) lyrics/music: Josef Kajetan TYL/Frantisek Jan SKROUP note: adopted 1993; the anthem was originally written as incidental music to the play "Fidlovacka" (1834), it soon became very popular as an unofficial anthem of the Czech nation; its first verse served as the official Czechoslovak anthem beginning in 1918, while the second verse (Slovak) was dropped after the split of Czechoslovakia in 1993

National holiday [time series]

Czechoslovak Founding Day, 28 October (1918)

National symbol(s) [time series]

silver (or white), double-tailed, rampant lion; national colors: white, red, blue

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Marian JURECKA] Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Petr FIALA] Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Katerina KONECNA] Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Michal SMARDA] Freedom and Direct Democracy or SPD [Tomio OKAMURA] Free Bloc or VB [Jana VOLFOVA] Mayors and Independents or STAN [Vit RAKUSAN] Movement of Dissatisfied Citizens or ANO [Andrej BABIS] Oath or Prisaha [Robert SLACHTA] Pirate Party or Pirates [Ivan BARTOS] Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 or TOP 09 [Marketa PEKAROVA ADAMOVA] Tricolor Freedomites Freeholders or TSS [Zuzana MAJEROVA ZAHRADNIKOVA]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

At the close of World War I, the Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia, a parliamentarian democracy. During the interwar years, having rejected a federal system, the new country's predominantly Czech leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the increasingly strident demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably the Slovaks, the Sudeten Germans, and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). On the eve of World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the territory that today comprises Czechia, and Slovakia became an independent state allied with Germany. After the war, a reunited but truncated Czechoslovakia (less Ruthenia) fell within the Soviet sphere of influence when the pro-Soviet Communist party staged a coup in February 1948. In 1968, an invasion by fellow Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful "Velvet Revolution" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. The country formally added the short-form name Czechia in 2016, while also continuing to use the full form name, the Czech Republic.

Military and Security

Military - note [time series]

Czechia joined NATO in 1999; Czechia, Hungary, and Poland were invited to begin accession talks at NATO's Madrid Summit in 1997, and in March 1999 they became the first former members of the Warsaw Pact to join the Alliance

Military and security forces [time series]

Czech Armed Forces: Land Forces; Air Forces; Cyber Forces; Special Forces Directorate (2021)

Military and security service personnel strengths [time series]

the Czech military has approximately 26,000 active personnel (20,000 Army; 6,000 Air Force) (2021)

Military deployments [time series]

the Czechia military has small numbers of troops deployed under EU, NATO, and UN command in several countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Central African Republic, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, and Mali (2021)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions [time series]

the Czech military has a mix of Soviet-era and more modern equipment, mostly of Western European origin; since 2010, the leading suppliers of military equipment to Czechia are Austria and Spain (2021)

Military expenditures [time series]

1.34% of GDP (2020 est.) 1.19% of GDP (2019) 1.13% of GDP (2018) 1.04% of GDP (2017) 0.96% of GDP (2016)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18-28 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription abolished 2004 (2021)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 15.17% (male 834,447/female 789,328) 15-24 years: 9.2% (male 508,329/female 475,846) 25-54 years: 43.29% (male 2,382,899/female 2,249,774) 55-64 years: 12.12% (male 636,357/female 660,748) 65 years and over: 20.23% (male 907,255/female 1,257,515) (2020 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

8.75 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

Current health expenditure (Current Health Expenditure) [time series]

7.7% (2018)

Death rate [time series]

10.72 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 56 youth dependency ratio: 24.6 elderly dependency ratio: 31.4 potential support ratio: 3.2 (2020 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.)

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

4.3% of GDP (2018)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Czech 64.3%, Moravian 5%, Slovak 1.4%, other 1.8%, unspecified 27.5% (2011 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

<.1% (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

<100 (2018 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

4,400 (2018 est.)

Hospital bed density [time series]

6.6 beds/1,000 population (2018)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 2.42 deaths/1,000 live births male: 2.62 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.)

Languages [time series]

Czech (official) 95.4%, Slovak 1.6%, other 3% (2011 est.) major-language sample(s): World Fackbook, nepostradateln zdroj z kladn ch informac . (Czech) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 79.5 years male: 76.55 years female: 82.61 years (2021 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: NA total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2011)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

1.312 million PRAGUE (capital) (2021)

Maternal mortality ratio [time series]

3 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)

Median age [time series]

total: 43.3 years male: 42 years female: 44.7 years (2020 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

28.5 years (2019 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Czech(s) adjective: Czech

Net migration rate [time series]

2.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

26% (2016)

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

4.12 physicians/1,000 population (2018)

Population [time series]

10,702,596 (July 2021 est.)

Population distribution [time series]

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations

Population growth rate [time series]

0.04% (2021 est.)

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 10.4%, Protestant (includes Czech Brethren and Hussite) 1.1%, other and unspecified 54%, none 34.5% (2011 est.)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2017 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 16 years male: 16 years female: 17 years (2019)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.49 children born/woman (2021 est.)

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 8% male: 7.2% female: 9.2% (2020 est.)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 74.2% of total population (2021) rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

none

Illicit drugs [time series]

manufacture of methamphetamine continues to be mostly based on pseudoephedrine from Poland or Turkey.

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

stateless persons: 1,492 (2020)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

total: 128 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 41 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 16 (2017)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 87 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 25 under 914 m: 61 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]

Heliports [time series]

1 (2013)

National air transport system [time series]

number of registered air carriers: 4 (2020) inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 48 annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 5,727,200 (2018) annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 25.23 million mt-km (2018)

Pipelines [time series]

7,160 km gas, 675 km oil, 94 km refined products (2016)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

river port(s): Prague (Vltava) Decin, Usti nad Labem (Elbe)

Railways [time series]

total: 9,408 km (2017) standard gauge: 9,385 km 1.435-m gauge (3,218 km electrified) (2017) narrow gauge: 23 km 0.760-m gauge (2017)

Roadways [time series]

total: 55,744 km (includes urban and category I, II, III roads) (2019) paved: 55,744 km (includes 1,252 km of expressways) (2019)

Waterways [time series]

664 km (principally on Elbe, Vltava, Oder, and other navigable rivers, lakes, and canals) (2010)