Czechia

parliamentary republic

name: Prague geographic coordinates: 50 05 N, 14 28 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: the name may derive from the old Slavic word "praga" or "prah," meaning "threshold;" it could also be related to the same Slavic root word as the modern Czech "pražiti," a term for woodland cleared by burning

chief of state: President Petr PAVEL (since 9 March 2023) head of government: Prime Minister Andrej BABIS (since 9 December 2025) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); prime minister appointed by the president for a 4-year term most recent election date: 13-14 January 2023, with a second round on 27-28 January 2023 election results: 2023: Petr PAVEL elected in the second round; percent of vote in the first round - Petr PAVEL (independent) 35.4%, Andrej BABIS (ANO) 35 % , Danuse NERUDOVA (Mayors and Independents) 13.9%, Pavel FISCHER (independent) 6.8%; percent of vote in the second round - Petr PAVEL 58.3%, Andrej BABIS 41.6% 2018: Milos ZEMAN reelected president in the second round; percent of vote - Milos ZEMAN (SPO) 51.4%, Jiri DRAHOS (independent) 48.6% expected date of next election: by January 2028

legislature name: Parliament (Parlament) legislative structure: bicameral

highest court(s): Supreme Court (organized into Civil Law and Commercial Division, and Criminal Division each with a court chief justice, vice justice, and several judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 justices); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 36 judges, including the court president and vice president, and organized into 6-, 7-, and 9-member chambers) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges proposed by the Chamber of Deputies and appointed by the president; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; judges appointed for 10-year, renewable terms; Supreme Administrative Court judges selected by the president of the Court; unlimited terms subordinate courts: High Court; regional and district courts

history: previous 1960; latest ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993 amendment process: passage requires at least three-fifths concurrence of members present in both houses of Parliament

Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

2% of GDP (2025 est.) 2.1% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

Czech Armed Forces: Land Forces, Air Force, Special Forces (2025)

18-28 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription abolished 2004 (2025) note: as of 2023, women comprised nearly 14% of the military's full-time personnel

the Czech military is responsible for national and territorial defense, assisting civil authorities during natural disasters or other emergencies, boosting border security alongside the police, participating in international peacekeeping operations, and supporting its collective security commitments to the EU and NATO, both of which Czechia considers pillars of its national security strategy; Czechia is a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, contributes to UN peacekeeping operations, and actively participates in EU military and security missions under the EU Common Security and Defense Policy; the Czech military has been an active member of NATO since the country joined in 2009 and participates in a variety of NATO s collective defense missions, including contributing to the Enhanced Forward Presence in Eastern Europe, Baltic Air Policing operations, rapid response forces, and operations in Kosovo; it also exercises regularly with NATO partners and maintains close bilateral ties to a number of militaries particularly partner members of the Visegrad Group (Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) and Germany the military has commands for its land, air, cyber/information operations, and territorial forces, as well as a joint operations command and a separate special forces directorate; the Territorial Command is responsible for the active reserves and regional military commands that align with each of Czechia s 13 regions and the capital, Prague (2025)

up to 130 Lithuania (NATO); 130 Slovakia (NATO) (2024)

$521.928 billion (2024 est.) $516.145 billion (2023 est.) $516.431 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

$48,000 (2024 est.) $47,500 (2023 est.) $48,400 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

1.1% (2024 est.) -0.1% (2023 est.) 2.8% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

2.4% (2024 est.) 10.7% (2023 est.) 15.1% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

36.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

$239.259 billion (2024 est.) $236.103 billion (2023 est.) $219.419 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

$216.741 billion (2024 est.) $219.09 billion (2023 est.) $216.042 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

2.6% (2024 est.) 2.6% (2023 est.) 2.3% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

revenues: $94.01 billion (2022 est.) expenditures: $106.07 billion (2022 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments

wheat, sugar beets, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, maize, triticale, pork, chicken (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

total: 10,838,703 (2025 est.) male: 5,337,128 female: 5,501,575

-0.02% (2025 est.)

0-14 years: 15.7% (male 871,303/female 826,896) 15-64 years: 63.8% (male 3,542,298/female 3,373,127) 65 years and over: 20.5% (2024 est.) (male 922,136/female 1,302,130)

9.56 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

11.82 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

2.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

total population: 78.6 years (2024 est.) male: 75.6 years female: 81.8 years

urban population: 74.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Czech 57.3%, Moravian 3.4%, other 7.7%, unspecified 31.6% (2021 est.) note: includes only persons with one ethnicity

Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.) major-language sample(s): World Factbook, nepostradateln zdroj z kladn ch informac . (Czech) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: includes only persons with one mother tongue

Roman Catholic 7%, other believers belonging to a church or religious society 6% (includes Evangelical United Brethren Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church), believers unaffiliated with a religious society 9.1%, none 47.8%, unspecified 30.1% (2021 est.)

hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber, arable land

refugees: 392,198 (2024 est.) IDPs: 5 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 588 (2024 est.)

252 (2025)

total: 9,548 km (2020) 3,242 km electrified

total subscriptions: 13.6 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 127 (2024 est.)

percent of population: 86% (2023 est.)