ARCHIVE // NG // 2016

Nigeria

2016 Edition — sovereign

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Communications
Broadcast media [time series]
nearly 70 federal government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state government-owned radio stations typically carry their own programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations; transmissions of international broadcasters are available (2007)
Internet country code [time series]
.ng
Internet users [time series]
total: 86.138 million | percent of population: 47.4% (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 9
Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]
general assessment: further expansion and modernization of the fixed-line telephone network is needed; network quality remains a problem | domestic: fixed-line subscribership remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership base over 80 per 100 persons | international: country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2015)
Telephones - fixed lines [time series]
total subscriptions: 187,155 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: less than 1 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 130
Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]
total: 150.83 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 83 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 9
Economy
Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]
cocoa, peanuts, cotton, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (manioc, tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish
Budget [time series]
revenues: $18.21 billion | expenditures: $23.56 billion (2015 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]
-1.1% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 60
Central bank discount rate [time series]
4.25% (31 December 2010) | 6% (31 December 2009) | country comparison to the world: 94
Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]
16.85% (31 December 2015 est.) | 16.55% (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 28
Current account balance [time series]
-$11.92 billion (2015 est.) | $1.279 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 182
Debt - external [time series]
$32.27 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $26.86 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 75
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]
43.7 (2003) | 50.6 (1997) | country comparison to the world: 47
Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]
Following an April 2014 statistical "rebasing" exercise, Nigeria has emerged as Africa's largest economy, with 2015 GDP estimated at $1.1 trillion. Oil has been a dominant source of income and government revenues since the 1970s. Following the 2008-9 global financial crises, the banking sector was effectively recapitalized and regulation enhanced. Nigeria’s economic growth over the last five years has been driven by growth in agriculture, telecommunications, and services. Economic diversification and strong growth have not translated into a significant decline in poverty levels, however - over 62% of Nigeria's 170 million people still live in extreme poverty. | Despite its strong fundamentals, oil-rich Nigeria has been hobbled by inadequate power supply, lack of infrastructure, delays in the passage of legislative reforms, an inefficient property registration system, restrictive trade policies, an inconsistent regulatory environment, a slow and ineffective judicial system, unreliable dispute resolution mechanisms, insecurity, and pervasive corruption. Regulatory constraints and security risks have limited new investment in oil and natural gas, and Nigeria's oil production has contracted every year since 2012. | Because of lower oil prices, GDP growth in 2015 fell to around 3%, and government revenues declined, while the nonoil sector also contracted due to economic policy uncertainty. President BUHARI, elected in March 2015, has established a cabinet of economic ministers that includes several technocrats, and he has announced plans to increase transparency, diversify the economy away from oil, and improve fiscal management. The government is working to develop stronger public-private partnerships for roads, agriculture, and power. The medium-term outlook for Nigeria is positive, assuming oil output stabilizes and oil prices recover.
Exchange rates [time series]
nairas (NGN) per US dollar - | 192.73 (2015 est.) | 158.55 (2014 est.) | 158.55 (2013 est.) | 156.81 (2012 est.) | 154.7 (2011 est.)
Exports [time series]
$45.89 billion (2015 est.) | $82.59 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 52
Exports - commodities [time series]
petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber (2012 est.)
Exports - partners [time series]
India 18.2%, Netherlands 8.5%, Spain 8.2%, Brazil 8.2%, South Africa 7.8%, France 5.2%, Japan 4.5%, Cote dIvoire 4.2%, Ghana 4% (2015)
Fiscal year [time series]
calendar year
GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]
$490.2 billion (2015 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]
$1.092 trillion (2015 est.) | $1.063 trillion (2014 est.) | $1 trillion (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 23
GDP - composition, by end use [time series]
household consumption: 78% | government consumption: 6.7% | investment in fixed capital: 14.8% | investment in inventories: 0.7% | exports of goods and services: 10.7% | imports of goods and services: -10.8% (2015 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]
agriculture: 20.9% | industry: 20.4% | services: 58.8% (2015 est.)
Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]
$6,100 (2015 est.) | $6,100 (2014 est.) | $5,900 (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 159
Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]
2.7% (2015 est.) | 6.3% (2014 est.) | 5.4% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 114
Gross national saving [time series]
12.4% of GDP (2015 est.) | 16% of GDP (2014 est.) | 18.6% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 141
Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]
lowest 10%: 1.8% | highest 10%: 38.2% (2010 est.)
Imports [time series]
$52.33 billion (2015 est.) | $61.59 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49
Imports - commodities [time series]
machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals
Imports - partners [time series]
China 25.7%, US 6.4%, Netherlands 6.1%, India 4.3% (2015)
Industrial production growth rate [time series]
-2.2% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 180
Industries [time series]
crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel
Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]
9% (2015 est.) | 8.1% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 205
Labor force [time series]
57.27 million (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 11
Labor force - by occupation [time series]
agriculture: 70% | industry: 10% | services: 20% (1999 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]
$56.39 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $39.27 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $50.88 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 52
Population below poverty line [time series]
70% (2010 est.)
Public debt [time series]
11.5% of GDP (2015 est.) | 10.5% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 165
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]
$29.07 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $34.47 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 47
Stock of broad money [time series]
$89.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $111.5 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 58
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]
$12.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $10.98 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 57
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]
$95.82 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $92.75 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 46
Stock of domestic credit [time series]
$111.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $115.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 52
Stock of narrow money [time series]
$43.62 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $36.85 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 53
Taxes and other revenues [time series]
3.7% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 218
Unemployment rate [time series]
23.9% (2011 est.) | 4.9% (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 177
Energy
Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]
97 million Mt (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 43
Crude oil - exports [time series]
2.231 million bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 5
Crude oil - imports [time series]
0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 108
Crude oil - production [time series]
2.317 million bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 12
Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]
37 billion bbl (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 10
Electricity - consumption [time series]
24 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 67
Electricity - exports [time series]
0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 178
Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]
65% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 120
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]
33.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 67
Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 154
Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]
1.5% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 88
Electricity - imports [time series]
0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 183
Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]
10 million kW (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 71
Electricity - production [time series]
29 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 66
Electricity access [time series]
population without electricity: 95,500,000 | electrification - total population: 45% | electrification - urban areas: 55% | electrification - rural areas: 37% (2013)
Natural gas - consumption [time series]
18.84 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 44
Natural gas - exports [time series]
25 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 13
Natural gas - imports [time series]
0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 110
Natural gas - production [time series]
43.84 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 24
Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]
5.111 trillion cu m (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 9
Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]
277,000 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 45
Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]
22,480 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 76
Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]
187,400 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 31
Refined petroleum products - production [time series]
110,200 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 73
Geography
Area [time series]
total: 923,768 sq km | land: 910,768 sq km | water: 13,000 sq km | country comparison to the world: 32
Area - comparative [time series]
about six times the size of Georgia; slightly more than twice the size of California
Climate [time series]
varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north
Coastline [time series]
853 km
Elevation [time series]
mean elevation: 380 m | elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m
Environment - current issues [time series]
soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization
International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geographic coordinates [time series]
10 00 N, 8 00 E
Geography - note [time series]
the Niger River enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea
Irrigated land [time series]
2,930 sq km (2012)
Land boundaries [time series]
total: 4,477 km | border countries (4): Benin 809 km, Cameroon 1,975 km, Chad 85 km, Niger 1,608 km
Land use [time series]
agricultural land: 78% | arable land 37.3%; permanent crops 7.4%; permanent pasture 33.3% | forest: 9.5% | other: 12.5% (2011 est.)
Location [time series]
Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon
Map references [time series]
Africa
Maritime claims [time series]
territorial sea: 12 nm | exclusive economic zone: 200 nm | continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Natural hazards [time series]
periodic droughts; flooding
Natural resources [time series]
natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land
Terrain [time series]
southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north
Government
Administrative divisions [time series]
36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara
Capital [time series]
name: Abuja | geographic coordinates: 9 05 N, 7 32 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Citizenship [time series]
citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Nigeria | dual citizenship recognized: yes | residency requirement for naturalization: 15 years
Constitution [time series]
several previous; latest adopted 5 May 1999, effective 29 May 1999; amended several times, last in 2012 (2016)
Country name [time series]
conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria | conventional short form: Nigeria | etymology: named for the Niger River that flows through the west of the country to the Atlantic Ocean; from a native term "Ni Gir" meaning "River Gir"
Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires David J. YOUNG (since 2016) | embassy: Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja | mailing address: P. O. Box 5760, Garki, Abuja | telephone: [234] (9) 461-4000 | FAX: [234] (9) 461-4171
Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Hakeem Toyin BALOGUN (since 27 August 2015) | chancery: 3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 986-8400 | FAX: [1] (202) 362-6541 | consulate(s) general: Atlanta, New York
Executive branch [time series]
chief of state: President Maj. Gen. (ret.) Muhammadu BUHARI (since 29 May 2015); Vice President Oluyemi "Yemi" OSINBAJO (since 29 May 2015); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government | head of government: President Maj.Gen. (ret.) Muhammadu BUHARI (since 29 May 2015); Vice President Oluyemi "Yemi" OSINBAJO (since 29 May 2015) | cabinet: Federal Executive Council appointed by the president | elections/appointments: president directly elected by 'qualified' majority popular vote and at least 25% of the votes cast in 24 of Nigeria's 36 states; president elected for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28-29 March 2015 (next to be held in February 2019) | election results: Muhammadu BUHARI elected president; percent of vote - Muhammadu BUHARI (CPC) 53%, Goodluck JONATHAN (PDP) 46%, other 1%
Flag (Flag description) [time series]
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green; the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country, white stands for peace and unity
Government type [time series]
federal presidential republic
Independence [time series]
1 October 1960 (from the UK)
International law organization participation [time series]
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation [time series]
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Judicial branch [time series]
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 15 justices) | judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a 23-member independent body of federal and state judicial officials; judge appointments confirmed by the Senate; judges serve until age 65 | subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; Federal High Court; High Court of the Federal Capital Territory; Sharia Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; Customary Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; state court system similar in structure to federal system
Legal system [time series]
mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law
Legislative branch [time series]
description: bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (109 seats - 3 each for the 36 states and 1 for Abuja; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms) and the House of Representatives (360 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms) | elections: Senate - last held on 28-29 March 2015 (next to be held in February 2019); House of Representatives - last held on 28-29 March 2015 (next to be held in 2019) | election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 60, PDP 49; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 225, PDP 125, other 10
National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]
name: "Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey" | lyrics/music: John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B. A. OGUNNAIKE, Sotu OMOIGUI and P. O. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASE | note: adopted 1978; lyrics are a mixture of the five top entries in a national contest
National holiday [time series]
Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)
National symbol(s) [time series]
eagle; national colors: green, white
Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]
Accord Party or ACC [Mohammad Lawal MALADO] | All Progressives Congress or APC [John Odigie OYEGUN] | All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor C. UMEH] | Democratic Peoples Party or DPP [Biodun OGUNBIYI] | Labor Party or LP [Alhai Abdulkadir ABDULSALAM] | Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Ahmed MAKARFI]
Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]
Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU | Campaign for Democracy or CD | Civil Liberties Organization or CLO | Committee for the Defense of Human Rights or CDHR | Constitutional Right Project or CRP | Human Right Africa | National Association of Democratic Lawyers or NADL | National Association of Nigerian Students or NANS | Nigerian Bar Association or NBA | Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC | Nigerian Medical Association or NMA | Universal Defenders of Democracy or UDD | other: the press
Suffrage [time series]
18 years of age; universal
Introduction
Background [time series]
British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africa's most populous country grew through the 19th century. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy. After independence in 1960, politics were marked by coups and mostly military rule, until the death of a military head of state in 1998 allowed for a political transition. In 1999, a new constitution was adopted and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The government continues to face the daunting task of institutionalizing democracy and reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement. In addition, Nigeria continues to experience longstanding ethnic and religious tensions. Although both the 2003 and 2007 presidential elections were marred by significant irregularities and violence, Nigeria is currently experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. The general elections of April 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history and the elections of 2011 were generally regarded as credible. The 2015 election is considered the most well run in Nigeria since the return to civilian rule, with the umbrella opposition party, the All Progressives Congress, defeating the long-ruling People's Democratic Party that had governed since 1999.
Military and Security
Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]
Nigerian Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force (2013)
Military expenditures [time series]
0.89% of GDP (2012) | 0.98% of GDP (2011) | 0.89% of GDP (2010) | country comparison to the world: 108
Military service age and obligation [time series]
18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)
People and Society
Age structure [time series]
0-14 years: 42.79% (male 40,744,956/female 38,870,303) | 15-24 years: 19.48% (male 18,514,466/female 17,729,351) | 25-54 years: 30.65% (male 29,259,621/female 27,768,368) | 55-64 years: 3.96% (male 3,595,293/female 3,769,986) | 65 years and over: 3.12% (male 2,754,040/female 3,047,002) (2016 est.)
Birth rate [time series]
37.3 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 12
Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]
total number: 11,396,823 | percentage: 29% (2007 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]
19.8% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 12
Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]
15.1% (2013)
Death rate [time series]
12.7 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 18
Demographic profile [time series]
Nigeria’s population is projected to grow from more than 186 million people in 2016 to 392 million in 2050, becoming the world’s fourth most populous country. Nigeria’s sustained high population growth rate will continue for the foreseeable future because of population momentum and its high birth rate. Abuja has not successfully implemented family planning programs to reduce and space births because of a lack of political will, government financing, and the availability and affordability of services and products, as well as a cultural preference for large families. Increased educational attainment, especially among women, and improvements in health care are needed to encourage and to better enable parents to opt for smaller families. | Nigeria needs to harness the potential of its burgeoning youth population in order to boost economic development, reduce widespread poverty, and channel large numbers of unemployed youth into productive activities and away from ongoing religious and ethnic violence. While most movement of Nigerians is internal, significant emigration regionally and to the West provides an outlet for Nigerians looking for economic opportunities, seeking asylum, and increasingly pursuing higher education. Immigration largely of West Africans continues to be insufficient to offset emigration and the loss of highly skilled workers. Nigeria also is a major source, transit, and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking.
Dependency ratios [time series]
total dependency ratio: 87.7% | youth dependency ratio: 82.6% | elderly dependency ratio: 5.1% | potential support ratio: 19.5% (2015 est.)
Drinking water source [time series]
urban: 80.8% of population | rural: 57.3% of population | total: 68.5% of population | urban: 19.2% of population | rural: 42.7% of population | total: 31.5% of population (2015 est.)
Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]
NA
Ethnic groups [time series]
Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the most populous and politically influential are: Hausa and the Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]
3.17% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 20
HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]
174,300 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 1
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]
3,391,600 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 2
Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]
3.7% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 109
Infant mortality rate [time series]
total: 71.2 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 76 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 66.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 10
Languages [time series]
English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages
Life expectancy at birth [time series]
total population: 53.4 years | male: 52.4 years | female: 54.5 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 214
Literacy [time series]
definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 59.6% | male: 69.2% | female: 49.7% (2015 est.)
Major infectious diseases [time series]
degree of risk: very high | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever | vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever | water contact diseases: leptospirosis and schistosomiasis | respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis | aerosolized dust or soil contact disease: Lassa fever | animal contact disease: rabies (2016)
Major urban areas - population [time series]
Lagos 13.123 million; Kano 3.587 million; Ibadan 3.16 million; ABUJA (capital) 2.44 million; Port Harcourt 2.343 million; Benin City 1.496 million (2015)
Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]
814 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 11
Median age [time series]
total: 18.3 years | male: 18.2 years | female: 18.4 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 212
Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]
20.3 | note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2013 est.)
Nationality [time series]
noun: Nigerian(s) | adjective: Nigerian
Net migration rate [time series]
-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 113
Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]
9.7% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 146
Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]
0.41 physicians/1,000 population (2009)
Population [time series]
186,053,386 | note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 8
Population growth rate [time series]
2.44% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 26
Religions [time series]
Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
Sanitation facility access [time series]
urban: 32.8% of population | rural: 25.4% of population | total: 29% of population | urban: 67.2% of population | rural: 74.6% of population | total: 71% of population (2015 est.)
Sex ratio [time series]
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female | total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
Total fertility rate [time series]
5.13 children born/woman (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 13
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]
total: 8.1% | male: NA | female: NA (2014 est.)
Urbanization [time series]
urban population: 47.8% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 4.66% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Transnational Issues
Disputes - international [time series]
Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately cedes sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phaseout of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries; location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved
Illicit drugs [time series]
a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East Asian, and North American markets; consumer of amphetamines; safe haven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity; Nigeria has improved some anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in June 2006; Nigeria's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by FATF
Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]
IDPs: 2,093,030 (Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2016)
Transportation
Airports [time series]
54 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 88
Airports - with paved runways [time series]
total: 40 | over 3,047 m: 10 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 12 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 | 914 to 1,523 m: 6 | under 914 m: 3 (2013)
Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]
total: 14 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 | 914 to 1,523 m: 9 | under 914 m: 3 (2013)
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix [time series]
5N (2016)
Heliports [time series]
5 (2013)
Merchant marine [time series]
total: 89 | by type: cargo 2, chemical tanker 28, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 56, specialized tanker 1 | foreign-owned: 3 (India 1, UK 2) | registered in other countries: 33 (Bahamas 2, Bermuda 11, Comoros 1, Italy 1, Liberia 4, North Korea 1, Panama 6, Seychelles 1, unknown 6) (2010) | country comparison to the world: 54
National air transport system [time series]
number of registered air carriers: 16 | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 73 | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 3,223,459 | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 22,400,657 mt-km (2015)
Pipelines [time series]
condensate 124 km; gas 4,045 km; liquid petroleum gas 164 km; oil 4,441 km; refined products 3,940 km (2013)
Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]
major seaport(s): Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagos | LNG terminal(s) (export): Bonny Island
Railways [time series]
total: 3,798 km | standard gauge: 293 km 1.435-m gauge | narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge (2014) | country comparison to the world: 47
Roadways [time series]
total: 193,200 km | paved: 28,980 km | unpaved: 164,220 km (2004) | country comparison to the world: 27
Transportation - note [time series]
the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2014, 18 commercial vessels were boarded or attacked compared with 31 attacks in 2013; crews were robbed and stores or cargoes stolen; Nigerian pirates have extended the range of their attacks to as far away as Cote d'Ivoire
Waterways [time series]
8,600 km (Niger and Benue Rivers and smaller rivers and creeks) (2011) | country comparison to the world: 15