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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of local and foreign programming; state-run radio has only radio station with a national reach; about 30 private radio stations operate locally; as many as 100 community radio stations broadcast; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)

Internet country code [time series]

.ne

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

454 (2012) country comparison to the world: 185

Internet users [time series]

115,900 (2009) country comparison to the world: 155

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: inadequate; small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity remains only about 30 per 100 persons despite a rapidly increasing cellular subscribership base; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned international: country code - 227; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2010)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

100,500 (2012) country comparison to the world: 145

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

5.4 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 107

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (manioc, tapioca), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry

Budget [time series]

revenues: $1.911 billion expenditures: $2.086 billion (2013 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-2.4% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 97

Central bank discount rate [time series]

4.25% (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 74 4.75% (31 December 2008)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

4% (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 158 4% (31 December 2012 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

-$1.45 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 131 -$1.453 billion (2012 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$1.556 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 150 $1.551 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

34 (2007) country comparison to the world: 96 50.5 (1995)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Niger is a landlocked, Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence crops, livestock, and some of the world's largest uranium deposits. Agriculture contributes about one-third of GDP and provides livelihood for about nine-tenths of the population. Drought, desertification, and strong population growth have undercut the economy. Niger shares a common currency, the CFA franc, and a common central bank, the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO), with seven other members of the West African Monetary Union. Debt relief has significantly reduced Niger's annual debt service obligations, freeing funds for expenditures on basic health care, primary education, HIV/AIDS prevention, rural infrastructure, and other programs geared at poverty reduction. Nearly half of the government's budget is derived from foreign donor resources. The economy in recent years has been hurt by terrorist activity and kidnappings near its uranium mines and instability in Mali. Future growth may be sustained by exploitation of oil, gold, coal, and other mineral resources. Niger has sizable reserves of oil and oil production, which began in 2012, along with refining, and exports are expected to grow through 2016. However, oil revenues have fallen well short of predictions, mainly because of logistical challenges. Food insecurity and drought remain perennial problems for Niger. The mining sector may be affected by the government’s attempt to renegotiate extraction rights contracts.

Exchange rates [time series]

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 500.7 (2013 est.) 510.53 (2012 est.) 495.28 (2010) 472.19 (2009) 447.81 (2008)

Exports [time series]

$1.539 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 149 $1.458 billion (2012 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

uranium ore, livestock, cowpeas, onions

Exports - partners [time series]

Nigeria 40.3%, US 17.2%, India 14.3%, Italy 8.6%, China 7.8%, Ghana 5.3% (2012)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$7.304 billion (2013 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$13.98 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 147 $13.17 billion (2012 est.) $11.84 billion (2011 est.) note: data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

household consumption: 61% government consumption: 25.1% investment in fixed capital: 44.7% investment in inventories: 0% exports of goods and services: 26.3% imports of goods and services: -57.1% (2013 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 35.2% industry: 14.2% services: 50.6% (2013 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$800 (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 222 $800 (2012 est.) $800 (2011 est.) note: data are in 2013 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

6.2% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 34 11.2% (2012 est.) 2.2% (2011 est.)

Gross national saving [time series]

23.7% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 59 22% of GDP (2012 est.) 25.3% of GDP (2011 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 3.7% highest 10%: 28.5% (2007)

Imports [time series]

$2.314 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 159 $2.273 billion (2012 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

foodstuffs, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals

Imports - partners [time series]

France 14.4%, China 11.3%, Nigeria 10.1%, French Polynesia 9.2%, Togo 5.1%, Cote dIvoire 4.5% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

5.7% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 45

Industries [time series]

uranium mining, petroleum, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

1.9% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 68 0.5% (2012 est.)

Labor force [time series]

4.688 million (2007) country comparison to the world: 82

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 90% industry: 6% services: 4% (1995)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA

Population below poverty line [time series]

63% (1993 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$1.74 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 157 $1.61 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$992.7 million (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 153 $915 million (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$1.388 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 142 $1.284 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

26.2% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 114

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

1.272 million Mt (2011 est.)

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 161

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 102

Crude oil - production [time series]

20,000 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 79

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

NA bbl (1 January 2013 est.)

Electricity - consumption [time series]

832.5 million kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 156

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 175

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

100% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 26

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 188

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 149

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 208

Electricity - imports [time series]

600 million kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 76

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

134,000 kW (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 168

Electricity - production [time series]

250 million kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 179

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 178

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 155

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 103

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 173

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 176

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

5,629 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 165

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 203

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

5,136 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 150

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 180

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 1.267 million sq km country comparison to the world: 22 land: 1,266,700 sq km water: 300 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Climate [time series]

desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Niger River 200 m highest point: Idoukal-n-Taghes 2,022 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 0.98 cu km/yr (30%/3%/67%) per capita: 70.53 cu m/yr (2005)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

16 00 N, 8 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world; northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture

Irrigated land [time series]

736.6 sq km (2005)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 5,697 km border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 11.79% permanent crops: 0.05% other: 88.16% (2011)

Location [time series]

Western Africa, southeast of Algeria

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

recurring droughts

Natural resources [time series]

uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, molybdenum, gypsum, salt, petroleum

Terrain [time series]

predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north

Total renewable water resources [time series]

33.65 cu km (2011)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

8 regions (regions, singular - region) includes 1 capital district* (communite urbaine); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder

Capital [time series]

name: Niamey geographic coordinates: 13 31 N, 2 07 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

several previous; passed by referendum 31 October 2010, entered into force 25 November 2010 (2014)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Niger conventional short form: Niger local long form: Republique du Niger local short form: Niger

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Richard BELL (since September 2012) embassy: BP 11201, Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey mailing address: 2420 Niamey Pl, Washington DC 20521-2420 telephone: [227] 20-73-31-69 or [227] 20-72-39-41 FAX: [227] 20-73-55-60

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Maman Sambo SIDIKOU (since 2 December 2011) chancery: 2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227 FAX: [1] (202)483-3169

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President ISSOUFOU Mahamadou (since 7 April 2011) head of government: Prime Minister Brigi RAFINI (since 7 April 2011); appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president cabinet: 37-member Cabinet appointed by the president; note - in August 2013, the president authorized a cabinet reshuffle and increased its membership to 37 from 26 in order to create a government of national unity (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); candidate must receive a majority of the votes to be elected president; a presidential election to restore civilian rule was held on 31 January 2011 with a runoff election on 12 March 2011 between ISSOUFOU Mahamadou (PNDS-Tarayya) and Seini OUMAROU (MNSD-Nassara) election results: ISSOUFOU Mahamadou elected president; percent of vote - ISSOUFOU Mahamadou 58%, Seini OUMAROU 42%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk centered in the white band; the orange band denotes the drier northern regions of the Sahara; white stands for purity and innocence; green symbolizes hope and the fertile and productive southern and western areas, as well as the Niger River; the orange disc represents the sun and the sacrifices made by the people note: similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

3 August 1960 (from France)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges); High Court of Justice (consists of 7 members) judge selection and term of office: Constitutional Court judges nominated/elected - 1 by the president of the Republic, 1 by the president of the National Assembly, 2 by peer judges, 2 by peer lawyers, 1 law professor by peers, and 1 from within Nigerien society; all appointed by the president; judges serve 6-year nonrenewable terms with one-third of membership renewed every 2 years; High Judicial Court members selected from among the legislature and judiciary; members serve 5-year terms subordinate courts: Court of Cassation; Council of State; Court of Finances; various specialized tribunals and customary courts

Legal system [time series]

mixed legal system of civil law (based on French civil law), Islamic law, and customary law

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly (113 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 31 January 2011 election results: percent of vote by party - PNDS-Tarrayya 33%, MNSD-Nassara 21%, MODEN/FA-Lumana 20%, ANDP-Zaman Lahiya 7.5%, RDP-Jama'a 6.5%, UDR-Tabbat 5.4%, CDS-Rahama 3.3%, UNI 1%; seats by party - PNDS-Tarrayya 37, MNSD-Nassara 26, MODEN/FA-Lumana 25, ANDP-Zaman Lahiya 8, RDP-Jama'a 7, UDR-Tabbat 6, CDS-Rahama 3, UNI 1

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "La Nigerienne" (The Nigerien) lyrics/music: Maurice Albert THIRIET/Robert JACQUET and Nicolas Abel Francois FRIONNET note: adopted 1961

National holiday [time series]

Republic Day, 18 December (1958); note - commemorates the founding of the Republic of Niger which predated independence from France in 1960

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE] National Movement for a Society of Development-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Seini OUMAROU] National Union of Independents or UNI [Amadou DJIBO ALI] Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moussa Moumouni DJERMAKOYE] Nigerien Democratic Movement for an African Federation or MODEN/FA Lumana [Hama AMADOU] Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya [Mohamed BAZOUM] Rally for Democracy and Progress-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID] Social and Democratic Rally or RSD-Gaskiyya [Cheiffou AMADOU] Union for Democracy and the Republic-Tabbat or UDR-Tabbat [Amadou Boubacar CISSE] note: the SPLM and SPLM-DC are banned political parties

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Niger became independent from France in 1960 and experienced single-party and military rule until 1991, when Gen. Ali SAIBOU was forced by public pressure to allow multiparty elections, which resulted in a democratic government in 1993. Political infighting brought the government to a standstill and in 1996 led to a coup by Col. Ibrahim BARE. In 1999, BARE was killed in a counter coup by military officers who restored democratic rule and held elections that brought Mamadou TANDJA to power in December of that year. TANDJA was reelected in 2004 and in 2009 spearheaded a constitutional amendment that would allow him to extend his term as president. In February 2010, a military coup deposed TANDJA, immediately suspended the constitution, and dissolved the Cabinet. ISSOUFOU Mahamadou emerged victorious from a crowded field in the election following the coup and was inaugurated in April 2011. Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. The largely agrarian and subsistence-based economy is frequently disrupted by extended droughts common to the Sahel region of Africa. The Nigerien Movement for Justice, a predominantly ethnic Tuareg rebel group, emerged in February 2007, and attacked several military targets in Niger's northern region throughout 2007 and 2008. Successful government offensives in 2009 ended the rebellion. Niger is facing increased security concerns on its borders from various external threats including insecurity in Libya, spillover from the conflict in Mali, and violent extremism in northeastern Nigeria.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 3,329,184 females age 16-49: 3,267,669 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 2,194,570 females age 16-49: 2,219,416 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 186,348 female: 180,779 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Nigerien Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Nigerien Air Force (Force Aerienne du Niger) (2012)

Military expenditures [time series]

1.06% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 96 NA% (2011) 1.06% of GDP (2010)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 is the presumed legal minimum age for compulsory or voluntary military service; enlistees must be Nigerien citizens and unmarried; 2-year service term; women may serve in health care (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 49.8% (male 4,387,785/female 4,308,312) 15-24 years: 18.4% (male 1,586,720/female 1,626,457) 25-54 years: 25.9% (male 2,261,287/female 2,266,576) 55-64 years: 3.3% (male 294,446/female 274,268) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 234,079/female 226,242) (2014 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

46.12 births/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 1

Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]

total number: 1,557,913 percentage: 43 % (2006 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

39.9% (2006) country comparison to the world: 4

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

13.9% (2012)

Death rate [time series]

12.73 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 22

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 111.6 % youth dependency ratio: 1.6 % elderly dependency ratio: 5.5 % potential support ratio: 18 (2014 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

improved: urban: 98.7% of population rural: 42.1% of population total: 52.3% of population unimproved: urban: 1.3% of population rural: 57.9% of population total: 47.7% of population (2012 est.)

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

4.2% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 101

Ethnic groups [time series]

Haoussa 55.4%, Djerma Sonrai 21%, Tuareg 9.3%, Peuhl 8.5%, Kanouri Manga 4.7%, other 1.2% (2001 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.5% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 71

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

3,400 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 49

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

46,300 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 62

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

5.3% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 128

Hospital bed density [time series]

0.31 beds/1,000 population (2005)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 86.27 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 7 male: 90.86 deaths/1,000 live births female: 81.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

Languages [time series]

French (official), Hausa, Djerma

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 54.74 years country comparison to the world: 208 male: 53.54 years female: 55.97 years (2014 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 28.7% male: 42.9% female: 15.1% (2005 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

NIAMEY (capital) 1.297 million (2011)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

590 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 14

Median age [time series]

total: 15.1 years male: 15 years female: 15.2 years (2014 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth [time series]

18.1 note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2012 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Nigerien(s) adjective: Nigerien

Net migration rate [time series]

-0.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 137

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

2.4% (2008) country comparison to the world: 180

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

0.02 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

Population [time series]

17,466,172 (July 2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 63

Population growth rate [time series]

3.28% (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 7

Religions [time series]

Muslim 80%, other (includes indigenous beliefs and Christian) 20%

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 32.9% of population rural: 3.8% of population total: 9% of population unimproved: urban: 67.1% of population rural: 96.2% of population total: 91% of population (2012 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 5 years male: 6 years female: 5 years (2012)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

6.89 children born/woman (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 1

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 3.2% country comparison to the world: 142 male: 4% female: 1.7% (2001)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 17.8% of total population (2011) rate of urbanization: 4.91% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Libya claims about 25,000 sq km in a currently dormant dispute in the Tommo region; location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty that also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries; the dispute with Burkina Faso was referred to the ICJ in 2010

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 49,770 (Mali) (2013); 10,044 (Nigeria) (2014) IDPs: undetermined (unknown how many of the 11,000 people displaced by clashes between government forces and the Tuareg militant group, Niger Movement for Justice, in 2007 are still displaced; inter-communal violence) (2012)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

30 (2013) country comparison to the world: 115

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 20 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 2 (2013)

Heliports [time series]

1 (2013)

Roadways [time series]

total: 18,949 km country comparison to the world: 114 paved: 3,912 km unpaved: 15,037 km (2010)

Waterways [time series]

300 km (the Niger, the only major river, is navigable to Gaya between September and March) (2012) country comparison to the world: 94