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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

state-funded national radio-TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial TV networks, 1 satellite TV channel, and 2 radio networks; 4 public TV stations and some 20 private TV stations; 14 local public radio stations and more than 40 private radio stations (2007)

Internet country code [time series]

.me

Internet users [time series]

total: 381,700 | percent of population: 58.7% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 136

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

31 (station frequency types NA) (2004)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites | domestic: GSM mobile-cellular service, available through multiple providers with national coverage, is growing | international: country code - 382; 2 international switches connect the national system (2011)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 160,000 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 135

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total: 1 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 156 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 158

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

13 (2004)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheep

Budget [time series]

revenues: $1.56 billion | expenditures: $1.63 billion (2014 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-1.5% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 13

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

9.22% (31 December 2014 est.) | 9.36% (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 88

Current account balance [time series]

-$793 million (2014 est.) | -$1.927 billion (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 146

Debt - external [time series]

$1.576 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $1.433 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 151

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

26.2 (2013 est.) | 24.3 (2010) | country comparison to the world: 139

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Montenegro's economy is transitioning to a market system. From the beginning of the privatization process in 1999 through to 2015, around 85% of Montenegrin state-owned companies have been privatized, including 100% of banking, telecommunications, and oil distribution. The government recognizes the need to remove impediments in order to remain competitive and open the economy to foreign investors. The biggest foreign investors in Montenegro are Italy, Norway, Austria, Russia, Hungary and Great Britain. Net foreign direct investment in 2014 reached $483 million and investment per capita is one of the highest in Europe. Montenegro uses the Euro as its domestic currency, though it is not an official member of the Euro-zone. In January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF, and in December 2011, the World Trade Organization. Montenegro began negotiations to join the EC in June, 2012, having met the conditions set down by the European Council, which called on Montenegro to take steps to fight corruption and organized crime. Tourism brings in twice as many visitors as Montenegro’s total population every year. Several new luxury tourism complexes are in various states of development along the coast, and a number are being offered in connection with nearby boating and yachting facilities. Montenegro is currently planning major overhauls of its road, rail networks, and possible expansions of its air transportation system. In 2014, the Government of Montenegro selected two Chinese companies to construct a 41 km-long section of the country’s highway system. Construction will cost around $1.1 billion. Montenegro first instituted value added tax (VAT) in April 2003, and introduced differentiated VAT rates of 17% and 7% (for tourism) in January 2006. In May 2013, the Montenegrin Government raised the higher level VAT rate to 19%.

Exchange rates [time series]

euros (EUR) per US dollar - | 0.7489 (2014 est.) | 0.7634 (2013 est.) | 0.78 (2012 est.) | 0.7185 (2011 est.) | 0.755 (2010 est.)

Exports [time series]

$370.2 million (2014 est.) | $489.2 million (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 176

Exports - partners [time series]

Croatia 22.7%, Serbia 22.7%, Slovenia 7.8% (2012 est.)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$4.462 billion (2014 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$9.36 billion (2014 est.) | $9.256 billion (2013 est.) | $8.957 billion (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 158

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 8.3% | industry: 21.2% | services: 70.5% (2013 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$15,000 (2014 est.) | $14,800 (2013 est.) | $14,300 (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 100

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

1.1% (2014 est.) | 3.3% (2013 est.) | -2.5% (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 139

Gross national saving [time series]

2.3% of GDP (2014 est.) | 1.3% of GDP (2013 est.) | 0.9% of GDP (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 169

Imports [time series]

$1.982 billion (2014 est.) | $2.4 billion (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 157

Imports - partners [time series]

Serbia 29.3%, Greece 8.7%, China 7.1% (2012 est.)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

4.5% (2013 est.)

Industries [time series]

steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

-0.7% (2014 est.) | 3% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 12

Labor force [time series]

263,200 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 166

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 5.3% | industry: 17.9% | services: 76.8% (2014 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$7.532 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $3.827 billion (31 December 2012) | $3.322 billion (31 December 2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 91

Population below poverty line [time series]

8.6% (2013 est.)

Public debt [time series]

59.5% of GDP (31 December 2014 est.) | 57.9% of GDP (2013 est.) | note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions | country comparison to the world: 65

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$599.6 million (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 154

Stock of broad money [time series]

$1.982 billion (31 December 2011 est.) | $2.01 billion (31 December 2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 154

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$133 million (31 December 2014 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$483 million (31 December 2014 est.) | $446.5 million (31 December 2013 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$2.63 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $2.682 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 130

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$749 million (31 December 2011 est.) | $783.3 million (31 December 2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 156

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

33.5% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 55

Unemployment rate [time series]

18.5% (2014 est.) | 19.1% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 160

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

19.72 million Mt (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 84

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2013) | country comparison to the world: 152

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 92

Crude oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 198

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 163

Electricity - consumption [time series]

3.465 billion kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 128

Electricity - exports [time series]

696 million kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 69

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

24.6% of total installed capacity (20113 est.) | country comparison to the world: 188

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

75.3% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 18

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 137

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 202

Electricity - imports [time series]

410 million kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 60

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

885,500 kW (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 126

Electricity - production [time series]

3.809 billion kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 132

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 170

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 142

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 97

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 164

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2014) | country comparison to the world: 168

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

11,640 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 172

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

622 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 114

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

12,270 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 168

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 172

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 13,812 sq km | land: 13,452 sq km | water: 360 sq km | country comparison to the world: 162

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Connecticut

Climate [time series]

Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland

Coastline [time series]

293.5 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m | highest point: Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

42 30 N, 19 18 E

Geography - note [time series]

strategic location along the Adriatic coast

Irrigated land [time series]

24.12 sq km (2010)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 680 km | border countries (5): Albania 186 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 242 km, Croatia 19 km, Kosovo 76 km, Serbia 157 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 38.2% | arable land 12.9%; permanent crops 1.2%; permanent pasture 24.1% | forest: 40.4% | other: 21.4% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia

Map references [time series]

Europe

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm | continental shelf: defined by treaty

Natural hazards [time series]

destructive earthquakes

Natural resources [time series]

bauxite, hydroelectricity

Terrain [time series]

highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

23 municipalities (opstine, singular - opstina); Andrijevica, Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Gusinje, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Petnijica, Plav, Pljevlja, Pluzine, Podgorica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Ulcinj, Zabljak

Capital [time series]

name: Podgorica; note - Cetinje retains the status of "Old Royal Capital" | geographic coordinates: 42 26 N, 19 16 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Constitution [time series]

several previous; latest adopted 19 October 2007, promulagated 22 October 2007; amended 2013 (to strengthen independence of judiciary) (2015) (2015)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: none | conventional short form: Montenegro | local long form: none | local short form: Crna Gora | former: People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro, Republic of Montenegro

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Margaret UYEHARA (since 19 February 2015) | embassy: Dzona Dzeksona 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro | mailing address: use embassy street address | telephone: [382] (0) 20 410 500 | FAX: [382] (0) 20 241 358

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Srdjan DARMANOVIC (since 30 November 2010) | chancery: 1610 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20009 | telephone: [1] (202) 234-6108 | FAX: [1] (202) 234-6109 | consulate(s) general: New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Filip VUJANOVIC (since 6 April 2008) | head of government: Prime Minister Milo DJUKANOVIC (since 4 December 2012) | cabinet: Ministers act as cabinet | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 April 2013 (next to be held in 2018); prime minister nominated by the president, approved by the Assembly | election results: Filip VUJANOVIC reelected president; Filip VUJANOVIC (DPS) 51.2%, Miodrag LEKIC (independent) 48.8%%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

a red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered; the arms consist of a double-headed golden eagle - symbolizing the unity of church and state - surmounted by a crown; the eagle holds a golden scepter in its right claw and a blue orb in its left; the breast shield over the eagle shows a golden lion passant on a green field in front of a blue sky; the lion is symbol of episcopal authority and harkens back to the three and a half centuries that Montenegro was ruled as a theocracy

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

3 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICC jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Vrhovni Sud (consists of the court president, deputy president and 15 judges); Constitutional Court or Ustavni Sud (consists of the court president and 7 judges) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president proposed by general session of the Supreme Court and elected by the Judicial Council, a 9-member body consisting of judges, lawyers designated by the Assembly, and the minister of judicial affairs; Supreme Court president elected for a single renewable, 5-year term; other judges elected by the Judicial Council for life; Constitutional Court judges - 2 proposed by the president of Montenegro and 5 by the Assembly, and elected by the Assembly; court president elected from among the court members; court president elected for 3 years, other judges 9 years | subordinate courts: Administrative Courts; Appellate Court; Commercial Courts; High Courts; basic courts

Legal system [time series]

civil law

Legislative branch [time series]

description: unicameral Assembly or Skupstina (81 seats; members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms) | elections: last held on 14 October 2012 (next to be held in October 2016) | election results: percent of vote by party/coalition - Coalition for European Montenegro 45.6%, Democratic Front 22.8%, SNP 11.1%, Positive Montenegro 8.2%, Bosniak Party 4.2%, other (including Albanian and Croatian minority parties) 8.1%; seats by party - Coalition for European Montenegro 39, Democratic Front 20, SNP 9, Positive Montenegro 7, Bosniak Party 3, Albanian and Croatian minority parties 3 | note: seats by party/coaltion as of May 2015 - Coalition for European Montenegro 39, Democratic Front 20, SNP 9, Positive Montenegro 5, Bosniak Party 3, Albanian and Croatian minority parties 3, independent 2

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Oj, svijetla majska zoro" (Oh, Bright Dawn of May) | lyrics/music: Sekula DRLJEVIC/unknown, arranged by Zarko MIKOVIC | note: adopted 2004; music based on a Montenegrin folk song

National holiday [time series]

National Day, 13 July (1878, the day the Berlin Congress recognized Montenegro as the 27th independent state in the world, and 1941, the day the Montenegrins staged an uprising against Nazi occupiers and sided with the partisan Communist movement)

National symbol(s) [time series]

double-headed eagle; national colors: red, gold

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Albanian Coalition (includes Democratic League in Montenegro or DSCG [Mehmet BARDHI], Democratic Party [Fatmir DJEKA], and Albanian Alternative or AA [Gjergj CAMAJ]) | Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC] | Coalition for European Montenegro [Milo DJUKANOVIC] (includes Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC], Liberal Party of Montenegro or LP [Andrija POPOVIC], and Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]) | Coalition FORCA for Unity (includes FORCA [Nazif CUNGU] and Civic Initiative [Vaselj SINISTAJ]) | Croatian Civic Initiative or HGI [Marija VUCINOVIC] | Democratic Front or DF [Miodrag LEKIC] (includes New Serb Democracy or NOVA [Andrija MANDIC] and Movement for Change or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC]) | Positive Montenegro [Darko PAJOVIC] | Socialist People's Party or SNP [Srdan MILIC]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

The use of the name Crna Gora or Black Mountain (Montenegro) began in the 13th century in reference to a highland region in the Serbian province of Zeta. The later medieval state of Zeta maintained its existence until 1496 when Montenegro finally fell under Ottoman rule. Over subsequent centuries, Montenegro managed to maintain a level of autonomy within the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro was a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it transformed into a secular principality. Montenegro was recognized as an independent sovereign principality at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. After World War I, during which Montenegro fought on the side of the Allies, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, creating the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, shifting to a looser State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote for severing ties with Serbia barely exceeded 55% - the threshold set by the EU - allowing Montenegro to formally restore its independence on 3 June 2006.

Military

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 149,159 | females age 16-49: 131,823 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 3,120 | female: 3,677 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Armed Forces of the Republic of Montenegro: Army of Montenegro (includes Montenegrin Navy (Mornarica Crne Gore, MCG)), Air Force (2011)

Military expenditures [time series]

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 15.18% (male 48,138/female 50,095) | 15-24 years: 10.27% (male 30,681/female 35,776) | 25-54 years: 47.02% (male 164,104/female 140,142) | 55-64 years: 13.12% (male 42,354/female 42,542) | 65 years and over: 14.41% (male 37,040/female 56,201) (2015 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

10.42 births/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 182

Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]

total number: 8,520 | percentage: 10% (2005 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

1% (2013) | country comparison to the world: 133

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

39.4% (2005/06)

Death rate [time series]

9.43 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 61

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 47.7% | youth dependency ratio: 27.6% | elderly dependency ratio: 20.2% | potential support ratio: 5% (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

Ethnic groups [time series]

Montenegrin 45%, Serbian 28.7%, Bosniak 8.7%, Albanian 4.9%, Muslim 3.3%, Roma 1%, Croat 1%, other 2.6%, unspecified 4.9% (2011 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

6.5% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 65

Hospital bed density [time series]

4 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Languages [time series]

Serbian 42.9%, Montenegrin (official) 37%, Bosnian 5.3%, Albanian 5.3%, Serbo-Croat 2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 4% (2011 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 98.7% | male: 99.5% | female: 98% (2015 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: intermediate | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea | vectorborne disease: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (2013)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

PODGORICA (capital) 165,000 (2014)

Median age [time series]

total: 39.2 years | male: 38.2 years | female: 40.5 years (2014 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Montenegrin(s) | adjective: Montenegrin

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

21.4% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 79

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

2.11 physicians/1,000 population (2013)

Population [time series]

647,073 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 168

Population growth rate [time series]

-0.42% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 223

Religions [time series]

Orthodox 72.1%, Muslim 19.1%, Catholic 3.4%, atheist 1.2%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.6% (2011 est.)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 15 years | male: 15 years | female: 15 years (2010)

Sex ratio [time series]

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 41.1% | male: 42.3% | female: 39.7% (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 11

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 64% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 0.34% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

none

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 5,633 (Serbia and Kosovo) (2014) | stateless persons: 3,296 (2014)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

5 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 181

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 5 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 | under 914 m: 1 (2013)

Heliports [time series]

1 (2012)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 2 | by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1 | registered in other countries: 4 (Bahamas 2, Honduras 1, Slovakia 1) (2010) | country comparison to the world: 146

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

major seaport(s): Bar

Railways [time series]

total: 250 km | standard gauge: 250 km 1.435-m gauge (169 km electrified) (2014) | country comparison to the world: 125

Roadways [time series]

total: 7,762 km | paved: 7,141 km | unpaved: 621 km (2010) | country comparison to the world: 142