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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

state-owned TV station, 2 state-owned radio networks; several privately owned TV stations and a large number of privately owned radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are accessible; several cable and satellite TV subscription services are obtainable (2007)

Internet country code [time series]

.gh

Internet users [time series]

total: 5 million | percent of population: 19.6% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 68

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 0, FM 86, shortwave 3 (2007)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed; outdated and unreliable fixed-line infrastructure heavily concentrated in Accra | domestic: competition among multiple mobile-cellular providers has spurred growth with a subscribership of more than 80 per 100 persons and rising | international: country code - 233; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC, Main One, and GLO-1 fiber-optic submarine cables that provide connectivity to South Africa, Europe, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors (2009)

Telephones - fixed lines [time series]

total subscriptions: 260,000 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 120

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

total: 30.4 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 118 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 42

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

7 (2007)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

cocoa, rice, cassava (manioc, tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber

Budget [time series]

revenues: $8.226 billion | expenditures: $11.63 billion (2014 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-9.6% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 200

Central bank discount rate [time series]

21% (31 December 2014) | 16% (31 December 2013) | country comparison to the world: 4

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

30% (31 December 2014 est.) | 25.6% (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 5

Current account balance [time series]

-$3.331 billion (2014 est.) | -$5.704 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 162

Debt - external [time series]

$12.97 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $11.46 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 91

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

42.3 (2012-13) | 41.9 (2005-06) | country comparison to the world: 62

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Ghana's economy was strengthened by a quarter century of relatively sound management, a competitive business environment, and sustained reductions in poverty levels, but in recent years has suffered the consequences of loose fiscal policy, high budget and current account deficits, and a depreciating currency. Ghana has a market-based economy with relatively few policy barriers to trade and investment in comparison with other countries in the region. Ghana is well-endowed with natural resources. Agriculture accounts for nearly one-quarter of GDP and employs more than half of the workforce, mainly small landholders. The services sector accounts for about half of GDP. Gold and cocoa exports, and individual remittances, are major sources of foreign exchange. Expansion of Ghana’s nascent oil industry has boosted economic growth, but the recent oil price crash has reduced by half Ghana’s 2015 anticipated oil revenue. Production at Jubilee, Ghana's offshore oil field, began in mid-December 2010 and currently produces roughly 110,000 barrels per day. The country’s first gas processing plant at Atubao is also producing natural gas from the Jubilee field, providing power to several of Ghana’s thermal power plants. As of 2015, the biggest single economic issue is the lack of consistent electricity. While the MAHAMA administration is taking steps to improve the situation, it will be the third or fourth quarter of 2015 before any relief is visible. Ghana signed a $920 million extended credit facility with the IMF in April, 2015 to help it address its growing economic crisis. The IMF fiscal targets will require Ghana to reduce the fiscal deficit by cutting subsidies, decreasing the bloated public sector wage bill, strengthening revenue administration, and increasing revenues. The challenge for Ghana will come as the MAHAMA Administration approaches the 2016 election cycle facing public dissatisfaction in the midst of economic austerity.

Exchange rates [time series]

cedis (GHC) per US dollar - | 2.881 (2014 est.) | 1.98 (2013 est.) | 1.8 (2012 est.) | 1.512 (2011 est.) | 1.431 (2010 est.)

Exports [time series]

$13.22 billion (2014 est.) | $13.75 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 84

Exports - commodities [time series]

oil, gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds, horticultural products

Exports - partners [time series]

China 10.7%, France 9%, Netherlands 7.3%, India 7.3%, South Africa 6.6%, Italy 6.5% (2014)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$38.65 billion (2014 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$108.3 billion (2014 est.) | $103.9 billion (2013 est.) | $96.84 billion (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 80

GDP - composition, by end use [time series]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin [time series]

agriculture: 22% | industry: 28.4% | services: 49.6% (2014 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$4,100 (2014 est.) | $4,000 (2013 est.) | $3,700 (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 176

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

4.2% (2014 est.) | 7.3% (2013 est.) | 8% (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 61

Gross national saving [time series]

15.5% of GDP (2014 est.) | 14.9% of GDP (2013 est.) | 16.8% of GDP (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 116

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 2% | highest 10%: 32.8% (2006)

Imports [time series]

$14.57 billion (2014 est.) | $17.6 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 88

Imports - commodities [time series]

capital equipment, refined petroleum, foodstuffs

Imports - partners [time series]

China 25.5%, Nigeria 13.1%, Netherlands 8.2%, Cote dIvoire 7.2%, US 6.9%, India 4.1% (2014)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

1% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 154

Industries [time series]

mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building, petroleum

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

17% (2014 est.) | 13.5% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 220

Labor force [time series]

11.25 million (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 50

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 44.7% | industry: 14.4% | services: 40.9% (2013 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$3.465 billion (31 December 2012 est.) | $3.097 billion (31 December 2011) | $3.531 billion (31 December 2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 93

Population below poverty line [time series]

24.2% (2013 est.)

Public debt [time series]

72.7% of GDP (2014 est.) | 55.8% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 36

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$5.461 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $5.632 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 93

Stock of broad money [time series]

$10.82 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $12.65 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$16.62 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | $109 million (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$19.85 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | $11.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$13.32 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $15.1 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 97

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$5.119 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $6.232 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 100

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

23.2% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 135

Unemployment rate [time series]

5.2% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 118

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

9.098 million Mt (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 106

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 117

Crude oil - imports [time series]

32,060 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 63

Crude oil - production [time series]

110,000 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 47

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

660 million bbl (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 45

Electricity - consumption [time series]

10.58 billion kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 95

Electricity - exports [time series]

122 million kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 64

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

45% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 161

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

54% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 41

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 95

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 179

Electricity - imports [time series]

27 million kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 96

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

2.847 million kW (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 93

Electricity - production [time series]

12.87 billion kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 95

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

615 million cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 99

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 103

Natural gas - imports [time series]

615 million cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 65

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 135

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

22.65 billion cu m (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 73

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

66,570 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 92

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

9,977 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 85

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

37,240 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 82

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

22,130 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 93

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 238,533 sq km | land: 227,533 sq km | water: 11,000 sq km | country comparison to the world: 82

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Oregon

Climate [time series]

tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north

Coastline [time series]

539 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | highest point: Mount Afadjato 885 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 0.98 cu km/yr (24%/10%/66%) | per capita: 48.82 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

8 00 N, 2 00 W

Geography - note [time series]

Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake (manmade reservoir) by surface area (8,482 sq km; 3,275 sq mi)

Irrigated land [time series]

309 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 2,420 km | border countries (3): Burkina Faso 602 km, Cote d'Ivoire 720 km, Togo 1,098 km

Land use [time series]

agricultural land: 69.1% | arable land 20.7%; permanent crops 11.9%; permanent pasture 36.5% | forest: 21.2% | other: 9.7% (2011 est.)

Location [time series]

Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm | contiguous zone: 24 nm | exclusive economic zone: 200 nm | continental shelf: 200 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds from January to March; droughts

Natural resources [time series]

gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone

Terrain [time series]

mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area

Total renewable water resources [time series]

53.2 cu km (2011)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western

Capital [time series]

name: Accra | geographic coordinates: 5 33 N, 0 13 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

several previous; latest drafted 31 March 1992, approved and promulgated 28 April 1992, entered into force 7 January 1993; amended 1996 (2012)

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Ghana | conventional short form: Ghana | former: Gold Coast

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Gene A. CRETZ (since 11 September 2012) | embassy: 24 Fourth Circular Rd., Cantonments, Accra | mailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accra | telephone: [233] 30-2741-000 | FAX: [233] 30-2741-389

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Martha Ama Akyaa POBEE (since 31 July 2015) | chancery: 3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 686-4520 | FAX: [1] (202) 686-4527 | consulate(s) general: New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President John Dramani MAHAMA (since 24 July 2012); Vice President Kwesi Bekoe AMISSAH-ARTHUR (since 6 August 2012); note - President MAHAMA assumed the presidency after the death of President John Atta MILLS and subsequently won the December 2012 presidential election; the president is both chief of state and head of government | head of government: President John Dramani MAHAMA (since 24 July 2012); Vice President Kwesi Bekoe AMISSAH-ARTHUR (since 6 August 2012) | cabinet: Council of Ministers; nominated by the president, approved by Parliament | elections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 8 December 2012 (next to be held in December 2016) | election results: John Dramani MAHAMA elected president; percent of vote - John Dramani MAHAMA (NDC) 50.7%, Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO (NPP) 47.7%, other 1.6%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green, with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; red symbolizes the blood shed for independence, yellow represents the country's mineral wealth, while green stands for its forests and natural wealth; the black star is said to be the lodestar of African freedom | note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band

Government type [time series]

constitutional democracy

Independence [time series]

6 March 1957 (from the UK)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of a chief justice and 12 justices) | judge selection and term of office: chief justice appointed by the president in consultation with the Council of State (a small advisory body of prominent citizens) and with the approval of Parliament; other justices appointed by the president upon the advice of the Judicial Council (an 18-member independent body of judicial, military and police officials, and presidential nominees) and on the advice of the Council of State; justices can retire at age 60, with compulsory retirement at age 70 | subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; High Court; Circuit Court; District Court; regional tribunals

Legal system [time series]

mixed system of English common law and customary law

Legislative branch [time series]

description: unicameral Parliament (275 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms) | elections: last held on 7 - 8 December 2012 (next to be held in December 2016) | election results: percent of vote by party - NPP 47.5%, NDC 46.4%, PNC 0.6%, independent 2.5%, other 3.0%; seats by party - NDC 150, NPP 120, PNC 1, independent 3, other 1

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "God Bless Our Homeland Ghana" | lyrics/music: unknown/Philip GBEHO | note: music adopted 1957, lyrics adopted 1966; the lyrics were changed twice, in 1960 when a republic was declared and after a 1966 coup

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 6 March (1957)

National symbol(s) [time series]

black star, golden eagle: national colors: red, yellow, green, black

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Convention People's Party or CPP [Samia NKRUMAH] | National Democratic Congress or NDC [John Dramani MAHAMA] | New Patriotic Party or NPP [Paul AFOKO] | People's National Convention or PNC [Alhaji Amed RAMADAN] | note: listed are four of the more popular political parties as of December 2012; there are more than 20 registered parties

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Christian Aid (water rights) | Committee for Joint Action or CJA (social and economic issues) | National Coalition Against the Privatization of Water or CAP (water rights) | Oxfam (water rights) | Public Citizen (water rights) | Students Coalition Against EPA [Kwabena Ososukene OKAI] (education reform) | Third World Network (social and economic issues)

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. Ghana endured a long series of coups before Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS took power in 1981 and banned political parties. After approving a new constitution and restoring multiparty politics in 1992, RAWLINGS won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996 but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR succeeded him and was reelected in 2004. John Atta MILLS won the 2008 presidential election and took over as head of state, but he died in July 2012 and was constitutionally succeeded by his vice president, John Dramani MAHAMA, who subsequently won the December 2012 presidential election.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 6,268,191 | females age 16-49: 6,194,339 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 4,136,406 | females age 16-49: 4,220,761 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 267,896 | female: 260,992 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Ghana Army, Ghana Navy, Ghana Air Force (2012)

Military expenditures [time series]

0.56% of GDP (2014) | 0.61% of GDP (2013) | 0.27% of GDP (2012) | country comparison to the world: 125

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18-26 years of age for voluntary military service, with basic education certificate; no conscription; must be HIV/AIDS negative (2012)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 38.38% (male 5,076,131/female 5,027,960) | 15-24 years: 18.69% (male 2,449,026/female 2,472,756) | 25-54 years: 33.95% (male 4,338,197/female 4,598,796) | 55-64 years: 4.84% (male 619,516/female 654,720) | 65 years and over: 4.14% (male 505,056/female 585,491) (2015 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

31.09 births/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 38

Child labor - children ages 5-14 [time series]

total number: 1,806,750 | percentage: 34% (2006 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

13.4% (2011) | country comparison to the world: 55

Contraceptive prevalence rate [time series]

19.5% (2013)

Death rate [time series]

7.22 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 123

Dependency ratios [time series]

total dependency ratio: 73% | youth dependency ratio: 67.2% | elderly dependency ratio: 5.9% | potential support ratio: 17% (2015 est.)

Drinking water source [time series]

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

8.1% of GDP (2011) | country comparison to the world: 13

Ethnic groups [time series]

Akan 47.5%, Mole-Dagbon 16.6%, Ewe 13.9%, Ga-Dangme 7.4%, Gurma 5.7%, Guan 3.7%, Grusi 2.5%, Mande 1.1%, other 1.4% (2010 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

1.47% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 34

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

9,200 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 26

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

250,200 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 23

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

5.4% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 133

Hospital bed density [time series]

0.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 37.37 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 41.39 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 33.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 59

Languages [time series]

Asante 16%, Ewe 14%, Fante 11.6%, Boron (Brong) 4.9%, Dagomba 4.4%, Dangme 4.2%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.9%, Kokomba 3.5%, Akyem 3.2%, Ga 3.1%, other 31.2% | note: English is the official language (2010 est.)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 66.18 years | male: 63.76 years | female: 68.66 years (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 172

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 76.6% | male: 82% | female: 71.4% (2015 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: very high | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever | vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever | water contact disease: schistosomiasis | respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis | animal contact disease: rabies | note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2013)

Major urban areas - population [time series]

Kumasi 2.599 million; ACCRA (capital) 2.277 million (2015)

Median age [time series]

total: 20.9 years | male: 20.5 years | female: 21.4 years (2015 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Ghanaian(s) | adjective: Ghanaian

Net migration rate [time series]

-2.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 167

Obesity - adult prevalence rate [time series]

10.9% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 140

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

0.1 physicians/1,000 population (2010)

Population [time series]

26,327,649 | note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49

Population growth rate [time series]

2.18% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 41

Religions [time series]

Christian 71.2% (Pentecostal/Charismatic 28.3%, Protestant 18.4%, Catholic 13.1%, other 11.4%), Muslim 17.6%, traditional 5.2%, other 0.8%, none 5.2% (2010 est.)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 12 years | male: 12 years | female: 11 years (2012)

Sex ratio [time series]

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.06 children born/woman (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 36

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 54% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 3.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

disputed maritime border between Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire

Illicit drugs [time series]

illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and money-laundering problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center; significant domestic cocaine and cannabis use

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 9,779 (Cote d'Ivoire; flight from 2010 post-election fighting); 5,262 (Liberia) (2014)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

10 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 156

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 7 | over 3,047 m: 1 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 | 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 3 | 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2013)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 4 | by type: petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 3 | foreign-owned: 2 (Brazil 1, South Korea 1) (2010) | country comparison to the world: 133

Pipelines [time series]

gas 394 km; oil 20 km; refined products 361 km (2013)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

major seaport(s): Takoradi, Tema

Railways [time series]

total: 947 km | narrow gauge: 947 km 1.067-m gauge (2014) | country comparison to the world: 91

Roadways [time series]

total: 109,515 km | paved: 13,787 km | unpaved: 95,728 km (2009) | country comparison to the world: 43

Waterways [time series]

1,293 km (168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta) (2011) | country comparison to the world: 56