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Communications

Internet country code [time series]

.gh

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

2,899 (2007)

Internet users [time series]

609,800 (2006)

Broadcast media (Radio broadcast stations) [time series]

AM 0, FM 49, shortwave 3 (2001)

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: fixed-line infrastructure outdated and unreliable; competition among multiple mobile-cellular providers has spurred growth with subscribership approaching 25 per 100 persons domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed international: country code - 233; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

356,400 (2006)

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

5.207 million (2006)

Broadcast media (Television broadcast stations) [time series]

10 (2001)

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber

Budget [time series]

revenues: $3.457 billion expenditures: $4.323 billion (2006 est.)

Exchange rates (Currency (code)) [time series]

cedi (GHC)

Current account balance [time series]

$-636 million (2006 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$3.319 billion (2006 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

40.8 (1998)

Economic aid (Economic aid - recipient) [time series]

$1.12 billion (2005)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorest countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 37% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002, but was included in a G-8 debt relief program decided upon at the Gleneagles Summit in July 2005. Priorities under its current $38 million Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) include tighter monetary and fiscal policies, accelerated privatization, and improvement of social services. Receipts from the gold sector helped sustain GDP growth in 2006 along with record high prices for Ghana's largest cocoa crop to date. Ghana received a Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) grant in 2006, which aims to assist in transforming Ghana's agricultural export sector.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

5.849 billion kWh (2005)

Electricity - exports [time series]

639 million kWh (2005)

Electricity - imports [time series]

815 million kWh (2005)

Electricity - production [time series]

6.648 billion kWh (2005)

Exchange rates [time series]

cedis per US dollar - 9,174.8 (2006), 9,072.5 (2005), 9,004.6 (2004), 8,677.4 (2003), 7,932.7 (2002)

Exports [time series]

$3.763 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds

Exports - partners [time series]

Netherlands 11.3%, UK 8.7%, US 6.7%, Spain 5.7%, Belgium 5.2%, France 4.4% (2006)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$10.21 billion (2006 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$60 billion (2006 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 37.3% industry: 25.3% services: 37.5% (2006 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$2,700 (2006 est.)

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

6% (2006 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 2.2% highest 10%: 30.1% (1999)

Imports [time series]

$6.604 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs

Imports - partners [time series]

Nigeria 16.7%, China 13%, UK 5.7%, Belgium 4.7%, US 4.7%, South Africa 4.1%, France 4.1% (2006)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

3.8% (2000 est.)

Industries [time series]

mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

10.9% (2006 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

30.9% of GDP (2006 est.)

Labor force [time series]

11.07 million (2006 est.)

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 60% industry: 15% services: 25% (1999 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$1.729 billion (2006)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2005 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

22.81 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)

Oil - consumption [time series]

44,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)

Oil - exports [time series]

NA bbl/day

Oil - imports [time series]

NA bbl/day

Oil - production [time series]

7,477 bbl/day (2004 est.)

Oil - proved reserves [time series]

16.51 million bbl (1 January 2006)

Population below poverty line [time series]

31.4% (1992 est.)

Public debt [time series]

48% of GDP (2006 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$2.268 billion (2006 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$NA

Unemployment rate [time series]

20% (1997 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 239,460 sq km land: 230,940 sq km water: 8,520 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Oregon

Climate [time series]

tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north

Coastline [time series]

539 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Geographic coordinates [time series]

8 00 N, 2 00 W

Geography - note [time series]

Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake

Irrigated land [time series]

310 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 2,094 km border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 17.54% permanent crops: 9.22% other: 73.24% (2005)

Location [time series]

Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts

Natural resources [time series]

gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone

Terrain [time series]

mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western

Capital [time series]

name: Accra geographic coordinates: 5 33 N, 0 13 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

approved 28 April 1992

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Ghana conventional short form: Ghana former: Gold Coast

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Pamela E. BRIDGEWATER embassy: Ring Road East, Osu, Accra mailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accra telephone: [233] (21) 775-347, 775-348 FAX: [233] (21) 776-008

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Kwame BAWUAH-EDUSEI chancery: 1156 15th St. NW #905, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1379 FAX: [1] (202) 785-1430 consulate(s) general: New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held in December 2008) election results: John Agyekum KUFUOR reelected president in election; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 53.4%, John ATTA-MILLS 43.7%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band

Government type [time series]

constitutional democracy

Independence [time series]

6 March 1957 (from UK)

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court

Legal system [time series]

based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Parliament (230 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December in 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NPP 128, NDC 94, PNC 4, CPP 3, independent 1

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 6 March (1957)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Convention People's Party or CPP [Dr. Edmund DELLE]; Democratic Freedom Party or DFP [Alhaji Abudu Rahman ISSAKAH]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Danny OFORI-ATTA]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Kwabena ADJEI]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Peter MAC-MANU]; People's National Convention or PNC [Alhaji Amed RHAMADAN]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU]; United Renaissance Party or URP [Charles Wayo]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of Ghana's third constitution in 1981 and a ban on political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR, who defeated former Vice President John ATTA-MILLS in a free and fair election, succeeded him.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 18-49: 4,808,451 females age 18-49: 4,762,459 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 18-49: 3,011,081 females age 18-49: 2,991,551 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually [time series]

males age 18-49: 251,056 females age 18-49: 247,777 (2005 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Ghanaian Army, Ghanaian Navy, Ghanaian Air Force (2007)

Military expenditures (Military expenditures - percent of GDP) [time series]

0.8% (2006 est.)

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for compulsory and volunteer military service (2001)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 38.2% (male 4,438,308/female 4,329,293) 15-64 years: 58.2% (male 6,661,512/female 6,687,738) 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 380,495/female 433,953) (2007 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

29.85 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Death rate [time series]

9.55 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Ethnic groups [time series]

Akan 45.3%, Mole-Dagbon 15.2%, Ewe 11.7%, Ga-Dangme 7.3%, Guan 4%, Gurma 3.6%, Grusi 2.6%, Mande-Busanga 1%, other tribes 1.4%, other 7.8% (2000 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

3.1% (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

30,000 (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

350,000 (2003 est.)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 53.56 deaths/1,000 live births male: 58 deaths/1,000 live births female: 48.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)

Languages [time series]

Asante 14.8%, Ewe 12.7%, Fante 9.9%, Boron (Brong) 4.6%, Dagomba 4.3%, Dangme 4.3%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.7%, Akyem 3.4%, Ga 3.4%, Akuapem 2.9%, other 36.1% (includes English (official)) (2000 census)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 59.12 years male: 58.31 years female: 59.95 years (2007 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 57.9% male: 66.4% female: 49.8% (2000 census)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever are high risks in some locations water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis (2007)

Median age [time series]

total: 20.2 years male: 19.9 years female: 20.4 years (2007 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Ghanaian(s) adjective: Ghanaian

Net migration rate [time series]

-0.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Population [time series]

22,931,299 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)

Population growth rate [time series]

1.972% (2007 est.)

Religions [time series]

Christian 68.8% (Pentecostal/Charismatic 24.1%, Protestant 18.6%, Catholic 15.1%, other 11%), Muslim 15.9%, traditional 8.5%, other 0.7%, none 6.1% (2000 census)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.025 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.996 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.877 male(s)/female total population: 1.003 male(s)/female (2007 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

3.89 children born/woman (2007 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Ghana struggles to accommodate returning nationals who worked in the cocoa plantations and escaped fighting in Cote d'Ivoire

Illicit drugs [time series]

illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a well developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money laundering center; significant domestic cocaine and cannabis use

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 38,684 (Liberia), 14,136 (Togo) (2006)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

12 (2007)

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 7 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2007)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2007)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 3 ships (1000 GRT or over) 5,032 GRT/7,282 DWT by type: petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2 foreign-owned: 1 (Brazil 1) (2007)

Pipelines [time series]

oil 13 km; refined products 316 km (2006)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Takoradi, Tema

Railways [time series]

total: 953 km narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge (2006)

Roadways [time series]

total: 42,623 km paved: 3,267 km unpaved: 39,356 km (2004)

Waterways [time series]

1,293 km note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta (2007)