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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

state-owned TV station privatized in 2008; 4 privately-owned television broadcast stations; about a half dozen privately-owned radio stations and one state-owned radio station; TV and radio broadcasts of several stations from American Samoa are available (2009)

Internet country code [time series]

.ws

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

18,013 (2012) country comparison to the world: 120

Internet users [time series]

9,000 (2009) country comparison to the world: 202

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: adequate domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 100 telephones per 100 persons international: country code - 685; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

35,300 (2010) country comparison to the world: 173

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

167,400 (2010) country comparison to the world: 183

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

coconuts, bananas, taro, yams, coffee, cocoa

Budget [time series]

revenues: $258.6 million expenditures: $301.7 million (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-6.1% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 173

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

10.4% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 91 9.97% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

-$76.11 million (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 67 -$58.66 million (2010 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$235.5 million (31 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 183 $177 million (2004)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on development aid, family remittances from overseas, agriculture, and fishing. The country is vulnerable to devastating storms. Agriculture employs roughly two-thirds of the labor force and furnishes 90% of exports, featuring coconut cream, coconut oil, and copra. The manufacturing sector mainly processes agricultural products. One factory in the Foreign Trade Zone employs 3,000 people to make automobile electrical harnesses for an assembly plant in Australia. Tourism is an expanding sector accounting for 25% of GDP; 122,000 tourists visited the islands in 2007. In late September 2009, an earthquake and the resulting tsunami severely damaged Samoa, and nearby American Samoa, disrupting transportation and power generation, and resulting in about 200 deaths. The Samoan Government has called for deregulation of the financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline, while at the same time protecting the environment. Observers point to the flexibility of the labor market as a basic strength for future economic advances. Foreign reserves are in a relatively healthy state, the external debt is stable, and inflation is low.

Exchange rates [time series]

tala (SAT) per US dollar - 2.32 (2012 est.) 2.3175 (2011 est.) 2.4847 (2010 est.)

Exports [time series]

$27.38 million (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 205 $27.38 million (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

fish, coconut oil and cream, copra, taro, automotive parts, garments, beer

Exports - partners [time series]

American Samoa 50%, Australia 23.6% (2011)

Fiscal year [time series]

June 1 - May 31

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$712 million (2012 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$1.128 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 203 $1.112 billion (2011 est.) $1.09 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 9.2% industry: 28.6% services: 62.2% (2012 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$6,200 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 141 $6,100 (2011 est.) $6,000 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

1.5% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 152 2% (2011 est.) 0.4% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports [time series]

$318.7 million (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 196 $280 million (2010 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and equipment, industrial supplies, foodstuffs

Imports - partners [time series]

NZ 23.9%, Fiji 17.1%, Singapore 15.4%, China 8.4%, Japan 8.1%, Australia 6.7%, US 5.3% (2011)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

2.8% (2000) country comparison to the world: 111

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

3.7% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 110 5.2% (2011 est.)

Labor force [time series]

66,270 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 186

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 65% industry: NA% services: NA%

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA

Population below poverty line [time series]

NA%

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$166.8 million (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 160 $209.5 million (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$327.9 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 185 $307.6 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$301.7 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 179 $304 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$100.3 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 183 $97.65 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

36.3% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 64

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

147,400 Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 202

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 143

Crude oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 206

Electricity - consumption [time series]

96.91 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 196

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 149

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

70.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 105

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

29.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 79

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 205

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 87

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 150

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

41,100 kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 187

Electricity - production [time series]

104.2 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 196

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 210

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 81

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 80

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 210

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

1,070 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 199

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 145

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

1,125 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 191

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 211

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 2,831 sq km country comparison to the world: 178 land: 2,821 sq km water: 10 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than Rhode Island

Climate [time series]

tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October)

Coastline [time series]

403 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Silisili 1,857 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

soil erosion, deforestation, invasive species, overfishing

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates [time series]

13 35 S, 172 20 W

Geography - note [time series]

occupies an almost central position within Polynesia

Irrigated land [time series]

Land boundaries [time series]

0 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 21.13% permanent crops: 24.3% other: 54.57% (2005)

Location [time series]

Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and New Zealand

Map references [time series]

Oceania

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

occasional typhoons; active volcanism volcanism: Savai'I Island (elev. 1,858 m), which last erupted in 1911, is historically active

Natural resources [time series]

hardwood forests, fish, hydropower

Terrain [time series]

two main islands (Savaii, Upolu) and several smaller islands and uninhabited islets; narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains in interior

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua, Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea, Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano

Capital [time series]

name: Apia geographic coordinates: 13 49 S, 171 46 W time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) +1hr, begins last Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April

Constitution [time series]

1 January 1962

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Independent State of Samoa conventional short form: Samoa local long form: Malo Sa'oloto Tuto'atasi o Samoa local short form: Samoa former: Western Samoa

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: US Ambassador to New Zealand is accredited to Samoa embassy: Accident Corporation Building, 5th Floor, Matafele, Apia mailing address: P. O. Box 3430, Matafele, Apia telephone: [685] 21436/21631/21452/22696 FAX: [685] 22030

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Aliioaiga Feturi ELISAIA chancery: 800 Second Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 599-6196 through 6197 FAX: [1] (212) 599-0797 consulate(s) general: Pago Pago (American Samoa)

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: TUIATUA Tupua Tamasese Efi (since 20 June 2007) head of government: Prime Minister TUILA'EPA Lupesoliai Sailele Malielegaoi (since 1998); Deputy Prime Minister FONOTOE Pierre Lauofo (since 2011) cabinet: Cabinet consists of 12 members appointed by the chief of state on the prime minister's advice (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: chief of state elected by the Legislative Assembly to serve a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 20 July 2012 (next to be held in 2017); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually appointed prime minister by the chief of state with the approval of the Legislative Assembly election results: TUIATUA Tupua Tamasese Efi unanimously elected by the Legislative Assembly

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the Southern Cross constellation; red stands for courage, blue represents freedom, and white signifies purity

Government type [time series]

parliamentary democracy

Independence [time series]

1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; District Court; Land and Titles Court

Legal system [time series]

mixed legal system of English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fono (49 seats, 47 members elected by voters affiliated with traditional village-based electoral districts, 2 elected by independent, mostly non-Samoan or part-Samoan, voters who cannot, (or choose not to) establish a village affiliation; only chiefs (matai) may stand for election to the Fono from the 47 village-based electorates; members serve five-year terms) elections: election last held on 4 March 2011 (next election to be held not later than March 2016) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - HRPP 29, Tautua Samoa 13, independents 7

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "O le Fu"a o le Sa"olotoga o Samoa" (The Banner of Freedom) lyrics/music: Sauni Iiga KURESA note: adopted 1962; the anthem is also known as "Samoa Tula'i" (Samoa Arise)

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day Celebration, 1 June (1962); note - 1 January 1962 is the date of independence from the New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship; it is observed in June

National symbol(s) [time series]

Southern Cross constellation (five, five-pointed stars)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Human Rights Protection Party or HRPP [Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA]; Samoa Christian Party or TCP [Tuala Tiresa MALIETOA]; Samoa Progressive Political Party or SPPP [NA]; Tautua Samoa [Palusalue FA'APO II]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Suffrage [time series]

21 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

New Zealand occupied the German protectorate of Western Samoa at the outbreak of World War I in 1914. It continued to administer the islands as a mandate and then as a trust territory until 1962, when the islands became the first Polynesian nation to reestablish independence in the 20th century. The country dropped the "Western" from its name in 1997.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 47,906 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 38,260 females age 16-49: 38,032 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 2,221 female: 2,062 (2010 est.)

Military - note [time series]

Samoa has no formal defense structure or regular armed forces; informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to consider any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

no regular military forces; Samoa Police Force (2008)

Military expenditures [time series]

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 34.7% (male 34,764/ female 32,618) 15-64 years: 60% (male 60,271/ female 56,367) 65 years and over: 5.3% (male 4,526/ female 5,774) (2012 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

22.1 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 76

Death rate [time series]

5.34 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 175

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

5.7% of GDP (2008) country comparison to the world: 37

Ethnic groups [time series]

Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians (persons of European and Polynesian blood) 7%, Europeans 0.4% (2001 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

7% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 81

Hospital bed density [time series]

0.97 beds/1,000 population (2005)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 21.85 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 88 male: 25.85 deaths/1,000 live births female: 17.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Languages [time series]

Samoan (Polynesian) (official), English

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 72.66 years country comparison to the world: 128 male: 69.79 years female: 75.68 years (2012 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99.7% male: 99.6% female: 99.7% (2003 est.)

Major urban areas - population (Major cities - population) [time series]

APIA (capital) 36,000 (2009)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

100 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 71

Median age [time series]

total: 22.5 years male: 22.3 years female: 22.7 years (2012 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Samoan(s) adjective: Samoan

Net migration rate [time series]

-10.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 211

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

0.27 physicians/1,000 population (2005)

Population [time series]

194,320 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 184 note: prior estimates used official net migration data by sex, but a highly unusual pattern for 1993 lead to a significant imbalance in the sex ratios (more men and fewer women) and a seeming reduction in the female population; the revised total was calculated using a 1993 number that was an average of the 1992 and 1994 migration figures

Population growth rate [time series]

0.596% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 144

Religions [time series]

Protestant 59.9% (Congregationalist 34.8%, Methodist 15%, Assembly of God 6.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.5%), Roman Catholic 19.6%, Mormon 12.7%, Worship Centre 1.3%, other Christian 4.5%, other 1.9%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 census)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 12 years male: 12 years female: 13 years (2005)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

3.13 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 56

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 12.2% country comparison to the world: 89 male: 10.6% female: 15.5% (2001)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 20% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

none

Transportation

Airports [time series]

4 (2012) country comparison to the world: 187

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2012)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 2 country comparison to the world: 145 by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 1 foreign-owned: 1 (NZ 1) (2010)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Apia

Roadways [time series]

total: 2,337 km country comparison to the world: 171 paved: 332 km unpaved: 2,005 km (2001)