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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

more than 30 TV stations operating; cable TV subscription services are available; roughly 125 radio stations (2007)

Internet country code [time series]

.pr

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

469 (2012) country comparison to the world: 185

Internet users [time series]

1 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 99

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: modern system integrated with that of the US by high-capacity submarine cable and Intelsat with high-speed data capability domestic: digital telephone system; mobile-cellular services international: country code - 1-787, 939; submarine cables provide connectivity to the US, Caribbean, Central and South America; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

826,100 (2011) country comparison to the world: 87

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

3.108 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 125

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

sugarcane, coffee, pineapples, plantains, bananas; livestock products, chickens

Budget [time series]

revenues: $6.7 billion expenditures: $9.6 billion (FY99/00)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-3.1% of GDP (FY99/00) country comparison to the world: 107

Debt - external [time series]

$56.82 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 56 $52.98 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Puerto Rico has one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region, however, growth has been negative for the past four years, and unemployment rose to nearly 16% in 2011. The industrial sector has surpassed agriculture as the primary locus of economic activity and income. Mainland US firms have invested heavily in Puerto Rico since the 1950s. US minimum wage laws apply. Sugar production has lost out to dairy production and other livestock products as the main source of income in the agricultural sector. Tourism has traditionally been an important source of income with estimated arrivals of more than 3.6 million tourists in 2008. Closing the budget deficit while restoring economic growth and employment remain the central concerns of the government.

Exchange rates [time series]

the US dollar is used, 1 (2012 est.)

Exports [time series]

$58.91 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 56 $64.88 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

chemicals, electronics, apparel, canned tuna, rum, beverage concentrates, medical equipment

Fiscal year [time series]

1 July - 30 June

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$93.52 billion (2010 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$64.84 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 86 $68.84 billion (2009 est.) $71.51 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 0.5% industry: 47.8% services: 51.6% (2010 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$16,300 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 76 $17,400 (2009 est.) $18,100 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

-5.8% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 213 -3.7% (2009 est.) -2.8% (2008 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports [time series]

$46.58 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 57 $44.67 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

chemicals, machinery and equipment, clothing, food, fish, petroleum products

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

1.2% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 12 2.9% (2011 est.)

Labor force [time series]

1.286 million (March 2012) country comparison to the world: 137

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 2.1% industry: 19% services: 79% (2005 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA

Population below poverty line [time series]

NA%

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

7.2% of GDP (FY99/00) country comparison to the world: 212

Unemployment rate [time series]

16% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 152 12% (2002 est.)

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

30.86 million Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 76

Crude oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 175

Crude oil - imports [time series]

40,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 62

Crude oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 180

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 179

Electricity - consumption [time series]

19.26 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 69

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 122

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

97.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 63

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

2.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 132

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 168

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 179

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 125

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

5.515 million kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 73

Electricity - production [time series]

20.71 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 70

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

768.9 million cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 94

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 140

Natural gas - imports [time series]

768.9 million cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 64

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 183

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 186

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

151,600 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 67

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

8,440 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 89

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

149,100 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 38

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

37,450 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 87

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 13,790 sq km country comparison to the world: 163 land: 8,870 sq km water: 4,921 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly less than three times the size of Rhode Island

Climate [time series]

tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation

Coastline [time series]

501 km

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Cerro de Punta 1,338 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

erosion; occasional drought causing water shortages

Geographic coordinates [time series]

18 15 N, 66 30 W

Geography - note [time series]

important location along the Mona Passage - a key shipping lane to the Panama Canal; San Juan is one of the biggest and best natural harbors in the Caribbean; many small rivers and high central mountains ensure land is well watered; south coast relatively dry; fertile coastal plain belt in north

Irrigated land [time series]

220 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

0 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 3.69% permanent crops: 5.59% other: 90.72% (2005)

Location [time series]

Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic

Map references [time series]

Central America and the Caribbean

Maritime claims [time series]

territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards [time series]

periodic droughts; hurricanes

Natural resources [time series]

some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and offshore oil

Terrain [time series]

mostly mountains with coastal plain belt in north; mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

none (territory of the US with commonwealth status); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 78 municipalities (municipios, singular - municipio) at the second order; Adjuntas, Aguada, Aguadilla, Aguas Buenas, Aibonito, Anasco, Arecibo, Arroyo, Barceloneta, Barranquitas, Bayamon, Cabo Rojo, Caguas, Camuy, Canovanas, Carolina, Catano, Cayey, Ceiba, Ciales, Cidra, Coamo, Comerio, Corozal, Culebra, Dorado, Fajardo, Florida, Guanica, Guayama, Guayanilla, Guaynabo, Gurabo, Hatillo, Hormigueros, Humacao, Isabela, Jayuya, Juana Diaz, Juncos, Lajas, Lares, Las Marias, Las Piedras, Loiza, Luquillo, Manati, Maricao, Maunabo, Mayaguez, Moca, Morovis, Naguabo, Naranjito, Orocovis, Patillas, Penuelas, Ponce, Quebradillas, Rincon, Rio Grande, Sabana Grande, Salinas, San German, San Juan, San Lorenzo, San Sebastian, Santa Isabel, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Trujillo Alto, Utuado, Vega Alta, Vega Baja, Vieques, Villalba, Yabucoa, Yauco

Capital [time series]

name: San Juan geographic coordinates: 18 28 N, 66 07 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July 1952; effective 25 July 1952

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico conventional short form: Puerto Rico

Dependency status [time series]

unincorporated, organized territory of the US with commonwealth status; policy relations between Puerto Rico and the US conducted under the jurisdiction of the Office of the President

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

none (territory of the US with commonwealth status)

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

none (territory of the US)

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Barack H. OBAMA (since 20 January 2009); Vice President Joseph R. BIDEN (since 20 January 2009) head of government: Governor Alejandro GARCIA Padilla (since 2 January 2013) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor with the consent of the legislature (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: under the US Constitution, residents of unincorporated territories, such as Puerto Rico, do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican party presidential primary elections; governor elected by popular vote for a four-year term (no term limits); election last held on 6 November 2012 (next to be held in November 2016) election results: Alejandro GARCIA Padilla elected governor with 48.2% of the vote

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

five equal horizontal bands of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bears a large, white, five-pointed star in the center; the white star symbolizes Puerto Rico; the three sides of the triangle signify the executive, legislative and judicial parts of the government; blue stands for the sky and the coastal waters; red symbolizes the blood shed by warriors, while white represents liberty, victory, and peace note: design initially influenced by the US flag, but similar to the Cuban flag, with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed

Government type [time series]

commonwealth

Independence [time series]

none (territory of the US with commonwealth status)

International organization participation [time series]

Caricom (observer), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UNWTO (associate), UPU

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court; Appellate Court; Court of First Instance composed of two sections: a Superior Court and a Municipal Court (justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the consent of the Senate)

Legal system [time series]

civil law system based on the Spanish civil code and within the framework of the US federal system

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral Legislative Assembly consists of the Senate (at least 27 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives (51 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on 4 November 2008 (next to be held in November 2012); House of Representatives - last held on 4 November 2008 (next to be held in November 2012) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - PNP 81.5%, PPD 18.5%; seats by party - PNP 22, PPD 5; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PNP 72.5%, PPD 27.5%; seats by party - PNP 37, PPD 14 note: Puerto Rico elects, by popular vote, a resident commissioner to serve a four-year term as a nonvoting representative in the US House of Representatives; aside from not voting on the House floor, he enjoys all the rights of a member of Congress; elections last held 4 November 2008 (next to be held in November 2012); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PNP 1

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "La Borinquena" (The Puerto Rican) lyrics/music: Manuel Fernandez JUNCOS/Felix Astol ARTES note: music adopted 1952, lyrics adopted 1977; the local anthem's name is a reference to the indigenous name of the island, Borinquen; the music was originally composed as a dance in 1867 and gained popularity in the early 20th century; there is some evidence that the music was written by Francisco RAMIREZ; as a commonwealth of the United States, "The Star-Spangled Banner" is official (see United States)

National holiday [time series]

US Independence Day, 4 July (1776); Puerto Rico Constitution Day, 25 July (1952)

National symbol(s) [time series]

Puerto Rican spindalis (bird); coqui (frog)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

National Democratic Party [Roberto PRATS]; National Republican Party of Puerto Rico [Dr. Tiody FERRE]; New Progressive Party or PNP [Pedro ROSSELLO] (pro-US statehood); Popular Democratic Party or PPD [Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA] (pro-commonwealth); Puerto Rican Independence Party or PIP [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez] (pro-independence)

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Boricua Popular Army or EPB (a revolutionary group also known as Los Macheteros); note - the following radical groups are considered dormant by Federal law enforcement: Armed Forces for National Liberation or FALN, Armed Forces of Popular Resistance, Volunteers of the Puerto Rican Revolution

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal; note - island residents are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections

Introduction

Background [time series]

Populated for centuries by aboriginal peoples, the island was claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493 following Christopher COLUMBUS' second voyage to the Americas. In 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule that saw the indigenous population nearly exterminated and African slave labor introduced, Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish-American War. Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917. Popularly-elected governors have served since 1948. In 1952, a constitution was enacted providing for internal self government. In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998, voters chose not to alter the existing political status with the US, but the results of a 2012 vote left open the possibility of American statehood.

Military

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 700,443 females age 16-49: 786,035 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 30,517 female: 29,010 (2010 est.)

Military - note [time series]

defense is the responsibility of the US

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

no regular indigenous military forces; paramilitary National Guard, Police Force

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 18.8% (male 355,029/ female 338,257) 15-64 years: 65.4% (male 1,156,052/ female 1,257,312) 65 years and over: 15.8% (male 254,029/ female 330,244) (2012 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

11.3 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 171

Death rate [time series]

8 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 100

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

Ethnic groups [time series]

white (mostly Spanish origin) 76.2%, black 6.9%, Asian 0.3%, Amerindian 0.2%, mixed 4.4%, other 12% (2007)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

7,397 (1997) country comparison to the world: 110

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 8.1 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 157 male: 8.9 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Languages [time series]

Spanish, English

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 79.07 years country comparison to the world: 44 male: 75.47 years female: 82.84 years (2012 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.1% male: 93.9% female: 94.4% (2002 est.)

Major urban areas - population (Major cities - population) [time series]

SAN JUAN (capital) 2.73 million (2009)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

20 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 138

Median age [time series]

total: 37.8 years male: 36 years female: 39.5 years (2012 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Puerto Rican(s) (US citizens) adjective: Puerto Rican

Net migration rate [time series]

-0.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 148

Population [time series]

3,690,923 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 129

Population growth rate [time series]

-0.44% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 218

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant and other 15%

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

1.64 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 177

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 25.5% country comparison to the world: 26 male: 28.6% female: 22% (2009)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 99% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

increasing numbers of illegal migrants from the Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage to Puerto Rico each year looking for work

Transportation

Airports [time series]

29 (2012) country comparison to the world: 117

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 17 over 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 5 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 12 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 10 (2012)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Ensenada Honda, Mayaguez, Playa de Guayanilla, Playa de Ponce, San Juan

Roadways [time series]

total: 26,670 km country comparison to the world: 100 paved: 25,337 km (includes 427 km of expressways) unpaved: 1,333 km (2008)