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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

1 state-owned TV station; state-owned radio network, Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne (RNT), operates national and regional stations; about 10 private radio stations; some stations rebroadcast programs from international broadcasters (2007)

Internet country code [time series]

.td

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

6 (2012) country comparison to the world: 231

Internet users [time series]

168,100 (2009) country comparison to the world: 145

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: inadequate system of radiotelephone communication stations with high costs and low telephone density domestic: fixed-line connections for less than 1 per 100 persons coupled with mobile-cellular subscribership base of only about 35 per 100 persons international: country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

31,200 (2011) country comparison to the world: 175

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

3.666 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 119

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels

Budget [time series]

revenues: $2.831 billion expenditures: $3.348 billion (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-5.3% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 162

Central bank discount rate [time series]

4.25% (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 77 4.75% (31 December 2008)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

15.5% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 47 15% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

-$1.965 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 137 -$2.386 billion (2011 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$1.749 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 143 $1.769 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major foreign direct investment projects in the oil sector that began in 2000. At least 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. Remittances are also an important source of income. The Libyan conflict disrupted inflows of remittances to Chad's impoverished western region that relies on income from Chadians living in Libya. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves - estimated at 1.5 billion barrels - in southern Chad. Chinese companies are also expanding exploration efforts and have completed a 311-km pipeline and the country's first refinery. The nation's total oil reserves are estimated at 1.5 billion barrels. Oil production came on stream in late 2003. Chad began to export oil in 2004. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings.

Exchange rates [time series]

Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - 514.1 (2012 est.) 471.87 (2011 est.) 495.28 (2010 est.) 472.19 (2009) 447.81 (2008)

Exports [time series]

$4.951 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 115 $4.974 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

oil, cattle, cotton, gum arabic

Exports - partners [time series]

US 83.2%, China 6.8%, France 5.6% (2011)

Fiscal year [time series]

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$9.723 billion (2012 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$21.34 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 129 $19.88 billion (2011 est.) $19.53 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 51% industry: 7% services: 42% (2012 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$2,000 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 192 $1,900 (2011 est.) $1,900 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

7.3% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 23 1.8% (2011 est.) 13% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 2.6% highest 10%: 30.8% (2003)

Imports [time series]

$3.936 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 138 $4.054 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles

Imports - partners [time series]

Cameroon 17%, France 15.8%, China 10.8%, Finland 6.6%, Sweden 6%, Saudi Arabia 5%, Belgium 4.4%, US 4% (2011)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

3% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 100

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

5% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 138 2% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

26.8% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 35

Labor force [time series]

4.293 million (2007) country comparison to the world: 87

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 80% (2006 est.) industry and services: 20% (2006 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA

Population below poverty line [time series]

80% (2001 est.)

Public debt [time series]

36.9% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 98 43.1% of GDP (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$799.7 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 142 $968.1 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$1.642 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 156 $1.335 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$NA (31 December 2010) $4.5 billion (2006 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$700.5 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 165 $553.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$1.416 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 138 $1.235 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

29.1% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 103

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Energy

Carbon dioxide emissions (Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy) [time series]

290,900 Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 190

Crude oil - exports [time series]

115,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 36

Crude oil - imports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 168

Crude oil - production [time series]

123,700 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 46

Crude oil - proved reserves [time series]

1.5 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 37

Electricity - consumption [time series]

88.35 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 198

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 174

Electricity - from fossil fuels [time series]

100% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 11

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 163

Electricity - from nuclear fuels [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 61

Electricity - from other renewable sources [time series]

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 118

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 168

Electricity - installed generating capacity [time series]

31,000 kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 191

Electricity - production [time series]

95 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 199

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 128

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 172

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 172

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 111

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 121

Refined petroleum products - consumption [time series]

1,817 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 191

Refined petroleum products - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 162

Refined petroleum products - imports [time series]

1,754 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 182

Refined petroleum products - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 132

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 1.284 million sq km country comparison to the world: 21 land: 1,259,200 sq km water: 24,800 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly more than three times the size of California

Climate [time series]

tropical in south, desert in north

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Djourab 160 m highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 0.23 cu km/yr (17%/0%/83%) per capita: 24 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

15 00 N, 19 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel

Irrigated land [time series]

300 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 5,968 km border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 2.8% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 97.18% (2005)

Location [time series]

Central Africa, south of Libya

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues

Natural resources [time series]

petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt

Terrain [time series]

broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south

Total renewable water resources [time series]

43 cu km (1987)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

22 regions (regions, singular - region); Barh el Gazel, Batha, Borkou, Chari-Baguirmi, Ennedi, Guera, Hadjer-Lamis, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Kebbi Est, Mayo-Kebbi Ouest, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile, Tibesti, Ville de N'Djamena, Wadi Fira

Capital [time series]

name: N'Djamena geographic coordinates: 12 06 N, 15 02 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum removed constitutional term limits

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Chad conventional short form: Chad local long form: Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad local short form: Tchad/Tshad

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Mark M. BOULWARE embassy: Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena mailing address: B. P. 413, N'Djamena telephone: [235] 251-62-11, 251-70-09, 251-77-59 FAX: [235] 251-56-54

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Maitine DJOUMBE chancery: 2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 462-4009 FAX: [1] (202) 265-1937

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno (since 4 December 1990) head of government: Prime Minister Djimrangar DADNADJI (since 21 January 2013) cabinet: Council of State; members are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last election held on 25 April 2011 (next to be held by 2016); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 83.6%, Albert Pahimi PADACKE 8.6%, Nadji Madou 7.8%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the flag combines the blue and red French (former colonial) colors with the red and yellow of the Pan-African colors; blue symbolizes the sky, hope, and the south of the country, which is relatively well-watered; yellow represents the sun, as well as the desert in the north of the country; red stands for progress, unity, and sacrifice note: similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France

Government type [time series]

republic

Independence [time series]

11 August 1960 (from France)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court; Constitutional Council; High Court of Justice; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts

Legal system [time series]

mixed legal system of civil and customary law

Legislative branch [time series]

unicameral National Assembly (188 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held on 13 February 2011 (next to be held by 2015); note - legislative elections, originally scheduled for 2006, were first delayed by National Assembly action and subsequently by an accord, signed in August 2007, between government and opposition parties election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ART 133, UNDR 11, others 44

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "La Tchadienne" (The Chadian) lyrics/music: Louis GIDROL and his students/Paul VILLARD note: adopted 1960

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 11 August (1960)

National symbol(s) [time series]

goat (north); lion (south)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Alliance for the Renaissance of Chad or ART, an alliance among the ruling MPS, RDP, and Viva-RNDP; Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]; National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva-RNDP [Delwa Kassire KOUMAKOYE]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ibni Oumar Mahamat SALEH]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

rebel groups

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and the rebels. In 2005, new rebel groups emerged in western Sudan and made probing attacks into eastern Chad despite signing peace agreements in December 2006 and October 2007. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007. The capital experienced a significant rebel threat in early 2008, but has had no significant rebel threats since then, in part due to Chad's 2010 rapprochement with Sudan, which previously used Chadian rebels as proxies. DEBY in 2011 was reelected to his fourth term in an election that international observers described as proceeding without incident. Power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 2,090,244 females age 16-49: 2,441,321 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,183,242 females age 16-49: 1,395,811 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 128,723 female: 128,244 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Armed Forces: Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale du Tchad, ANT), Chadian Air Force (Force Aerienne Tchadienne, FAT), Gendarmerie (2008)

Military expenditures [time series]

1.7% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 87

Military service age and obligation [time series]

20 years of age for conscripts, with 3-year service obligation; 18 years of age for volunteers; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a parent or guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age of 21 (2004)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 45.6% (male 2,539,476/ female 2,469,078) 15-64 years: 51.4% (male 2,609,023/ female 3,036,256) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 134,615/ female 187,200) (2012 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

38.7 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 14

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

33.9% (2004) country comparison to the world: 12

Death rate [time series]

15.16 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 4

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

3.2% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 124

Ethnic groups [time series]

Sara 27.7%, Arab 12.3%, Mayo-Kebbi 11.5%, Kanem-Bornou 9%, Ouaddai 8.7%, Hadjarai 6.7%, Tandjile 6.5%, Gorane 6.3%, Fitri-Batha 4.7%, other 6.4%, unknown 0.3% (1993 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

3.4% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 20

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

11,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 24

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

210,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 26

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

7% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 79

Hospital bed density [time series]

0.43 beds/1,000 population (2005)

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 93.61 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 6 male: 99.39 deaths/1,000 live births female: 87.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Languages [time series]

French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 48.69 years country comparison to the world: 222 male: 47.61 years female: 49.82 years (2012 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic total population: 34.5% male: 45% female: 24.2% (2010 est.)

Major urban areas - population (Major cities - population) [time series]

N'DJAMENA (capital) 808,000 (2009)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

1,100 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 1

Median age [time series]

total: 16.9 years male: 15.8 years female: 18 years (2012 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Chadian(s) adjective: Chadian

Net migration rate [time series]

-3.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 187

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

0.04 physicians/1,000 population (2004)

Population [time series]

10,975,648 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 75

Population growth rate [time series]

1.98% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 56

Religions [time series]

Muslim 53.1%, Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.2%, animist 7.3%, other 0.5%, unknown 1.7%, atheist 3.1% (1993 census)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 23% of population rural: 4% of population total: 9% of population unimproved: urban: 77% of population rural: 96% of population total: 91% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 7 years male: 9 years female: 5 years (2009)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.86 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

4.93 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 23

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 28% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 4.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

since 2003, ad hoc armed militia groups and the Sudanese military have driven hundreds of thousands of Darfur residents into Chad; Chad wishes to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 298,311 (Sudan); 67,414 (Central African Republic) (2011) IDPs: 90,000 (majority are in the east) (2012)

Trafficking in persons [time series]

current situation: Chad is a source, transit, and destination country for children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation; the majority of children are trafficked within Chad for involuntary domestic servitude, forced cattle herding, forced begging, involuntary agricultural labor, or for commercial sexual exploitation; to a lesser extent, Chadian children are also trafficked to Cameroon, the Central African Republic, and Nigeria for cattle herding tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - the Government of Chad does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; by 2011 the Government of Chad reportedly ended all child conscription into its national army and continued to engage in efforts to demobilize remaining child soldiers from rebel forces; fewer efforts were made to address the forced labor of children in cattle herding, domestic service, and begging, or to combat the commercial sexual exploitation of Chadian children; the government did not enact legislation prohibiting trafficking in persons and undertook limited anti-trafficking law enforcement and victim protection activities (2009)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

58 (2012) country comparison to the world: 83

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 9 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 49 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 11 (2012)

Pipelines [time series]

oil 265 km (2010)

Roadways [time series]

total: 40,000 km country comparison to the world: 88 note: consists of 25,000 km of national and regional roads and 15,000 km of local roads; 206 km of urban roads are paved (2011)

Waterways [time series]

(Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season) (2012)