Chad

presidential republic

name: N'Djamena geographic coordinates: 12 06 N, 15 02 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: said to derive its name from a local word meaning "place of rest"

chief of state: President Mahamat Idriss D BY (since 6 May 2024) head of government: Prime Minister Allamaye HALINA (since 23 May 2024) cabinet: Council of Ministers election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (no term limits) most recent election date: 6 May 2024 election results: 2024: Mahamat Idriss D BY elected president; percent of vote - Mahamat Idriss D BY (MPS) 61%, Succes MASRA (Transformers) 18.5%, Albert PADACKE 16.9%, other 3.6% expected date of next election: TBD

legislature name: Parliament legislative structure: bicameral

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 3 chamber presidents, and 12 judges or councilors and divided into 3 chambers); Supreme Council of the Judiciary (consists of the Judiciary president, vice president and 13 members) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice selected by the president; councilors - 8 designated by the president and 7 by the speaker of the National Assembly; chief justice and councilors appointed for life; Supreme Council of the Judiciary - with the exception of the Judiciary president and vice president, members are elected for single renewable 4-year terms subordinate courts: High Court of Justice; Courts of Appeal; tribunals; justices of the peace

history: several previous; latest adopted by National Transitional Council 27 June 2023, approved by referendum 17 December, verified by Chad Supreme Court 28 December, promulgated 1 January 2024 amendment process: previous process: proposed as a revision by the president of the republic after a Council of Ministers (cabinet) decision or by the National Assembly; approval for consideration of a revision requires at least three-fifths majority vote by the Assembly; passage requires approval by referendum or at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly

ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MNJTF, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

3% of GDP (2024 est.) 2.9% of GDP (2023 est.) 2.6% of GDP (2022 est.) 2.5% of GDP (2021 est.) 2.9% of GDP (2020 est.)

Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale du Tchad, ANT): Ground Forces (l'Armee de Terre, AdT), Chadian Air Force (l'Armee de l'Air Tchadienne, AAT), Chadian National Gendarmerie; General Direction of the Security Services of State Institutions (Direction Generale des Services de Securite des Institutions de l'Etat, GDSSIE) Ministry of Public Security and Immigration: National Nomadic Guard of Chad (GNNT) (2025) note 1: the GDSSIE is the presidential guard force and is considered to be Chad's elite military unit; it is reportedly a division-sized force with infantry, armor, and special forces/anti-terrorism regiments (known as the Special Anti-Terrorist Group or SATG, aka Division of Special Anti-Terrorist Groups or DGSAT); it reports directly to the president note 2: the Chadian National Police are under the Ministry of Public Security and Immigration; border security duties are shared by the ANT, Customs (Ministry of Public Security and Immigration), the National Gendarmerie, and the GNNT

18-25 for voluntary service; men subject to 18-36 months of compulsory service at age 20; women are subject to 12 months of compulsory military or civic service at age 21 (2025)

internal security is the primary focus of the Chadian National Army, and it is actively engaged in counterinsurgency operations against multiple terrorist and rebel groups; the terrorist groups Boko Haram and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa operate in the Lake Chad Basin area; meanwhile, a number of anti-government militias operate in northern Chad, some from bases in southern Libya, including the FACT (Front pour le Changement et la Concorde au Tchad), the Military Command Council for the Salvation of the Republic (le Conseil de Commandement Militaire pour le salut de la R publique or CCSMR), the Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (le Union des Forces pour la D mocratie et le D veloppement or UFDD), and the Union of Resistance Forces (le Union des Forces de la R sistance UFR); former Chadian President Idriss DEBY was killed in April 2021 during fighting between the FACT and government forces (2025)

note: Chad has committed approximately 1,000-1,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically

$52.895 billion (2024 est.) $51.03 billion (2023 est.) $49.012 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

$2,600 (2024 est.) $2,600 (2023 est.) $2,700 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

3.7% (2024 est.) 4.1% (2023 est.) 12.9% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

8.9% (2024 est.) 10.8% (2023 est.) 5.8% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

52.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

$5.799 billion (2024 est.) $5.7 billion (2023 est.) $5.658 billion (2022 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars

$3.557 billion (2024 est.) $3.271 billion (2023 est.) $2.898 billion (2022 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars

1.1% (2024 est.) 1.1% (2023 est.) 1.1% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

revenues: $2.129 billion (2020 est.) expenditures: $2.15 billion (2020 est.) note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

oil, cotton textiles, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials

sorghum, groundnuts, millet, beef, cereals, yams, sugarcane, maize, cassava, milk (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

total: 19,674,004 (2025 est.) male: 9,756,129 female: 9,917,875

2.98% (2025 est.)

0-14 years: 45.8% (male 4,428,132/female 4,323,398) 15-64 years: 51.7% (male 4,831,744/female 5,031,383) 65 years and over: 2.5% (2024 est.) (male 204,823/female 274,115)

38.62 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

8.75 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

-0.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

total population: 60 years (2024 est.) male: 58.1 years female: 62 years

urban population: 24.4% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 4.1% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Sara (Ngambaye/Sara/Madjingaye/Mbaye) 30.5%, Kanembu/Bornu/Buduma 9.8%, Arab 9.7%, Wadai/Maba/Masalit/Mimi 7%, Gorane 5.8%, Masa/Musseye/Musgum 4.9%, Bulala/Medogo/Kuka 3.7%, Marba/Lele/Mesme 3.5%, Mundang 2.7%, Bidiyo/Migaama/Kenga/Dangleat 2.5%, Dadjo/Kibet/Muro 2.4%, Tupuri/Kera 2%, Gabri/Kabalaye/Nanchere/Somrai 2%, Fulani/Fulbe/Bodore 1.8%, Karo/Zime/Peve 1.3%, Baguirmi/Barma 1.2%, Zaghawa/Bideyat/Kobe 1.1%, Tama/Assongori/Mararit 1.1%, Mesmedje/Massalat/Kadjakse 0.8%, other 4.6%, unspecified 1.7% (2014-15 est.)

French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 languages and dialects major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Muslim 52.1%, Protestant 23.9%, Roman Catholic 20%, animist 0.3%, other Christian 0.2%, none 2.8%, unspecified 0.7% (2014-15 est.)

total population: 30.6% (2019 est.) male: 44.5% (2019 est.) female: 18.6% (2019 est.)

petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt

Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - West Africa (ISIS-WA) note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide

tier rating: Tier 3 Chad does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, therefore, Chad was downgraded to Tier 3; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/chad/

refugees: 1,286,645 (2024 est.) IDPs: 1,542,532 (2024 est.)

44 (2025)

total subscriptions: 14.8 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 73 (2024 est.)

percent of population: 13% (2023 est.)