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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

1 public TV broadcast station broadcasting nationally and 1 public radio broadcaster with stations in each of the 13 administrative districts; a few commercial radio stations and roughly a dozen community radio stations (2009)

Internet country code [time series]

.et

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

151 (2010) country comparison to the world: 200

Internet users [time series]

447,300 (2009) country comparison to the world: 119

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: inadequate telephone system with the Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation (ETC) maintaining a monopoly over telecommunication services; open-wire, microwave radio relay; radio communication in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequencies; 2 domestic satellites provide the national trunk service domestic: the number of fixed lines and mobile telephones is increasing from a small base; combined fixed and mobile-cellular teledensity is only about 5 per 100 persons international: country code - 251; open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean) (2009)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

908,900 (2010) country comparison to the world: 82

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

6.517 million (2010) country comparison to the world: 92

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, cotton, sugarcane, potatoes, qat, cut flowers; hides, cattle, sheep, goats; fish

Budget [time series]

revenues: $4.587 billion expenditures: $5.017 billion (2010 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) [time series]

-1.4% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 65

Central bank discount rate [time series]

NA%

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

14.5% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 68 14.183% (31 December 2009 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

-$1.905 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 156 -$2.191 billion (2009 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$5.593 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 107 $5.025 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

30 (2000) country comparison to the world: 119 40 (1995)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Ethiopia's poverty-stricken economy is based on agriculture, accounting for almost 45% of GDP, and 85% of total employment. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent drought and poor cultivation practices. Coffee is critical to the Ethiopian economy with exports of some $350 million in 2006, but historically low prices have seen many farmers switching to qat to supplement income. Under Ethiopia's constitution, the state owns all land and provides long-term leases to the tenants; the system continues to hamper growth in the industrial sector as entrepreneurs are unable to use land as collateral for loans. In November 2001, Ethiopia qualified for debt relief from the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative, and in December 2005 the IMF forgave Ethiopia's debt. The global economic downturn led to balance of payments pressures, partially alleviated by recent emergency funding from the IMF. While GDP growth has remained high, per capita income is among the lowest in the world.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

3.357 billion kWh (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 126

Electricity - exports [time series]

0 kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2009 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

3.715 billion kWh (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 122

Exchange rates [time series]

birr (ETB) per US dollar - 14.4 (2010) 11.78 (2009) 9.57 (2008) 8.96 (2007) 8.69 (2006)

Exports [time series]

$1.716 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 138 $1.538 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

coffee, qat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds

Exports - partners [time series]

China 13.9%, Germany 10.5%, Belgium 7.5%, Saudi Arabia 7.1%, US 6.8%, Sudan 4.6% (2010)

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$29.72 billion (2010 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$86.12 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 76 $79.74 billion (2009 est.) $72.48 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 50% industry: 11% services: 39% (2010 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$1,000 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 212 $900 (2009 est.) $900 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

8% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 19 10% (2009 est.) 11.2% (2008 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 4.1% highest 10%: 25.6% (2005)

Imports [time series]

$6.992 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 105 $6.819 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles

Imports - partners [time series]

China 15.1%, US 9.5%, Saudi Arabia 8.8% (2010)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

9.5% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 31

Industries [time series]

food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, chemicals, metals processing, cement

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

8.1% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 188 8.5% (2009 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

24.6% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 65

Labor force [time series]

37.9 million (2007) country comparison to the world: 17

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 85% industry: 5% services: 10% (2009 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 173

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 94

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 118

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 180

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

24.92 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 73

Oil - consumption [time series]

47,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 103

Oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 156

Oil - imports [time series]

33,480 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 99

Oil - production [time series]

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 170

Oil - proved reserves [time series]

430,000 bbl (1 January 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 99

Population below poverty line [time series]

38.7% (FY05/06 est.)

Public debt [time series]

48.3% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 54 40.9% of GDP (2009 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$1.808 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 121 $1.781 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$7.589 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 111 $8.852 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$7.988 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 101 $9.524 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$4.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 96 $5.094 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Taxes and other revenues [time series]

15.4% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 184

Unemployment rate [time series]

NA%

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 1,104,300 sq km country comparison to the world: 27 land: 1 million sq km water: 104,300 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Climate [time series]

tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: Danakil Depression -125 m highest point: Ras Dejen 4,533 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 5.56 cu km/yr (6%/0%/94%) per capita: 72 cu m/yr (2002)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

8 00 N, 38 00 E

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopia; three major crops are believed to have originated in Ethiopia: coffee, grain sorghum, and castor bean

Irrigated land [time series]

2,900 sq km (2008)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 5,328 km border countries: Djibouti 349 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 861 km, Somalia 1,600 km, South Sudan 837 km, Sudan 769 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 10.01% permanent crops: 0.65% other: 89.34% (2005)

Location [time series]

Eastern Africa, west of Somalia

Map references [time series]

Africa

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts volcanism: Ethiopia experiences volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (elev. 613 m), which has caused frequent lava flows in recent years, is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, causing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir

Natural resources [time series]

small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower

Terrain [time series]

high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley

Total renewable water resources [time series]

110 cu km (1987)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

9 ethnically based states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 self-governing administrations* (astedaderoch, singular - astedader); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Afar, Amara (Amhara), Binshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa*, Gambela Hizboch (Gambela Peoples), Hareri Hizb (Harari People), Oromiya (Oromia), Sumale (Somali), Tigray, Ye Debub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples)

Capital [time series]

name: Addis Ababa geographic coordinates: 9 02 N, 38 42 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution [time series]

ratified 8 December 1994, effective 22 August 1995

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia conventional short form: Ethiopia local long form: Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik local short form: Ityop'iya former: Abyssinia, Italian East Africa abbreviation: FDRE

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Donald E. BOOTH embassy: Entoto Street, Addis Ababa mailing address: P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa telephone: [251] 11-517-40-00 FAX: [251] 11-517-40-01

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador GIRMA Birru chancery: 3506 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 364-1200 FAX: [1] (202) 587-0195 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles consulate(s): New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President GIRMA Woldegiorgis (since 8 October 2001) head of government: Prime Minister MELES Zenawi (since August 1995) cabinet: Council of Ministers ministers selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representatives (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by both chambers of Parliament for a six-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 9 October 2007 (next to be held in October 2013); prime minister designated by the party in power following legislative elections election results: GIRMA Woldegiorgis elected president; percent of vote by the House of People's Representatives - 79%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red, with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; green represents hope and the fertility of the land, yellow symbolizes justice and harmony, while red stands for sacrifice and heroism in the defense of the land; the blue of the disk symbolizes peace and the pentagram represents the unity and equality of the nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia note: Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the three main colors of her flag (adopted ca. 1895) were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the Pan-African colors; the emblem in the center of the current flag was added in 1996

Government type [time series]

federal republic

Independence [time series]

oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years (may be traced to the Aksumite Kingdom, which coalesced in the first century B.C.)

International law organization participation [time series]

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation [time series]

ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Judicial branch [time series]

Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council)

Legal system [time series]

civil law system

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Federation (or upper chamber responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues) (108 seats; members chosen by state assemblies to serve five-year terms) and the House of People's Representatives (or lower chamber responsible for passing legislation) (547 seats; members directly elected by popular vote from single-member districts to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 23 May 2010 (next to be held in 2015) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats by party - EPRDF 499, SPDP 24, BGPDP 9, ANDP 8, GPUDM 3, HNL 1, FORUM 1, APDO 1, independent 1

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Whedefit Gesgeshi Woude Henate Ethiopia" (March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia) lyrics/music: DEREJE Melaku Mengesha/SOLOMON Lulu note: adopted 1992

National holiday [time series]

National Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991)

National symbol(s) [time series]

Abyssinian lion

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [Mohammed KEDIR]; Arena Tigray; Argoba People's Democratic Organization or APDO; Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Party or BGPDP [Mulualem BESSE]; Coalition for Unity and Democratic Party or CUDP; Ethiopian Federal Democratic Forum or FORUM (a UDJ-led 8-party alliance established for the 2010 parliamentary elections); Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF; Gambella Peoples Unity Democratic Movement or GPUDM [Umod UBONG]; Gurage Nationalities' Democratic Movement or GNDM; Harari National League or HNL [Murad ABDULHADI]; Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement or OFDM [BULCHA Demeksa]; Oromo People's Congress or OPC [IMERERA Gudina]; Somali Democratic Alliance Forces or SODAF; Somali People's Democratic Party or SPDP; United Ethiopian Democratic Forces or UEDF [BEYENE Petros]; Unity for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [Birtukan MEDEKSA, currently imprisoned]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Ethiopian People's Patriotic Front or EPPF; Ogaden National Liberation Front or ONLF; Oromo Liberation Front or OLF [DAOUD Ibsa]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal

Introduction

Background [time series]

Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of a short-lived Italian occupation from 1936-41. In 1974, a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled in 1991 by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). A constitution was adopted in 1994, and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A border war with Eritrea late in the 1990s ended with a peace treaty in December 2000. In November 2007, the Eritrea-Ethiopia Border Commission remotely demarcated the border by geographical coordinates, but final demarcation of the boundary on the ground is currently on hold because of Ethiopian objections to an international commission's finding requiring it to surrender territory considered sensitive to Ethiopia.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 19,067,499 females age 16-49: 19,726,816 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 11,868,084 females age 16-49: 12,889,260 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 967,411 female: 981,714 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF): Ground Forces, Ethiopian Air Force (ETAF) (2011) note: Ethiopia is landlocked and has no navy; following the secession of Eritrea (1993), Ethiopian naval facilities remained in Eritrean possession

Military expenditures [time series]

1.2% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 118

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service, but the military can conduct callups when necessary and compliance is compulsory (2011)

People and Society

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 46.3% (male 20,990,369/female 21,067,961) 15-64 years: 51% (male 22,707,235/female 23,682,385) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 1,037,488/female 1,388,301) (2011 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

42.99 births/1,000 population (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 6

Children under the age of 5 years underweight [time series]

34.6% (2005) country comparison to the world: 10

Death rate [time series]

11.04 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 37

Drinking water source [time series]

improved: urban: 98% of population rural: 26% of population total: 38% of population unimproved: urban: 2% of population rural: 74% of population total: 62% of population (2008)

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

5.5% of GDP (2007) country comparison to the world: 42

Ethnic groups [time series]

Oromo 34.5%, Amara 26.9%, Somalie 6.2%, Tigraway 6.1%, Sidama 4%, Guragie 2.5%, Welaita 2.3%, Hadiya 1.7%, Affar 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, other 11.3% (2007 Census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

Health expenditure (Health expenditures) [time series]

3.6% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 170

Hospital bed density [time series]

0.18 beds/1,000 population (2008) country comparison to the world: 182

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 77.12 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 17 male: 88.03 deaths/1,000 live births female: 65.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)

Languages [time series]

Amarigna (Amharic) (official) 32.7%, Oromigna (official regional) 31.6%, Tigrigna (official regional) 6.1%, Somaligna 6%, Guaragigna 3.5%, Sidamigna 3.5%, Hadiyigna 1.7%, other 14.8%, English (official) (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (official) (1994 census)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 56.19 years country comparison to the world: 195 male: 53.64 years female: 58.81 years (2011 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 42.7% male: 50.3% female: 35.1% (2003 est.)

Major urban areas - population (Major cities - population) [time series]

ADDIS ABABA (capital) 2.863 million (2009)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis animal contact disease: rabies water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Maternal mortality ratio (Maternal mortality rate) [time series]

470 deaths/100,000 live births (2008) country comparison to the world: 29

Median age [time series]

total: 16.8 years male: 16.5 years female: 17.1 years (2011 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Ethiopian(s) adjective: Ethiopian

Net migration rate [time series]

-0.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population country comparison to the world: 115 note: repatriation of Ethiopian refugees residing in Sudan is expected to continue for several years; some Sudanese, Somali, and Eritrean refugees, who fled to Ethiopia from the fighting or famine in their own countries, continue to return to their homes (2011 est.)

Physician density (Physicians density) [time series]

0.022 physicians/1,000 population (2007) country comparison to the world: 187

Population [time series]

90,873,739 (July 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 13 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Population growth rate [time series]

3.194% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 8

Religions [time series]

Orthodox 43.5%, Muslim 33.9%, Protestant 18.6%, traditional 2.6%, Catholic 0.7%, other 0.7% (2007 Census)

Sanitation facility access [time series]

improved: urban: 29% of population rural: 8% of population total: 12% of population unimproved: urban: 71% of population rural: 92% of population total: 88% of population (2008)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 8 years male: 9 years female: 8 years (2008)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

6.02 children born/woman (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 7

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) (Unemployment, youth ages 15-24) [time series]

total: 24.9% country comparison to the world: 30 male: 19.5% female: 29.4% (2006)

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 17% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 3.8% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist Courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; "Somaliland" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopia; civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia

Illicit drugs [time series]

transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe, as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money laundering center

Refugees and internally displaced persons [time series]

refugees (country of origin): 66,980 (Sudan); 16,576 (Somalia); 13,078 (Eritrea) IDPs: 200,000 (border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000, ethnic clashes in Gambela, and ongoing Ethiopian military counterinsurgency in Somali region; most IDPs are in Tigray and Gambela Provinces) (2007)

Transportation

Airports [time series]

61 (2010) country comparison to the world: 79

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 17 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2010)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 44 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 914 to 1,523 m: 22 under 914 m: 7 (2010)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 9 country comparison to the world: 120 by type: cargo 8, roll on/roll off 1 (2010)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Ethiopia is landlocked and uses ports of Djibouti in Djibouti and Berbera in Somalia

Railways [time series]

total: 681 km (Ethiopian segment of the 781 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad) country comparison to the world: 102 narrow gauge: 681 km 1.000-m gauge note: railway is under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia but is largely inoperable (2008)

Roadways [time series]

total: 36,469 km country comparison to the world: 95 paved: 6,980 km unpaved: 29,489 km (2007)