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Communications

Broadcast media [time series]

5 privately-owned TV stations; about 75 commercial and community radio stations broadcasting; 1 state-owned radio network (2007)

Internet country code [time series]

.py

Internet users (Internet hosts) [time series]

167,281 (2010) country comparison to the world: 69

Internet users [time series]

1.105 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 94

Telecommunication systems (Telephone system) [time series]

general assessment: the fixed-line market is a state monopoly and fixed-line telephone service is meager; principal switching center is in Asuncion domestic: deficiencies in provision of fixed-line service have resulted in a rapid expansion of mobile-cellular services fostered by competition among multiple providers international: country code - 595; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2008)

Telephones - fixed lines (Telephones - main lines in use) [time series]

387,300 (2009) country comparison to the world: 102

Telephones - mobile cellular [time series]

5.619 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 89

Economy

Agricultural products (Agriculture - products) [time series]

cotton, sugarcane, soybeans, corn, wheat, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), fruits, vegetables; beef, pork, eggs, milk; timber

Central bank discount rate [time series]

20% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 10 20% (31 December 2007)

Commercial bank prime lending rate [time series]

28.26% (31 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 7 25.81% (31 December 2008 est.)

Current account balance [time series]

-$391 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 109 -$149.2 million (2009 est.)

Debt - external [time series]

$4.346 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 109 $3.883 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income (Distribution of family income - Gini index) [time series]

53.2 (2009) country comparison to the world: 17 57.7 (1998)

Economic overview (Economy - overview) [time series]

Landlocked Paraguay has a market economy distinguished by a large informal sector, featuring re-export of imported consumer goods to neighboring countries, as well as the activities of thousands of microenterprises and urban street vendors. A large percentage of the population, especially in rural areas, derives its living from agricultural activity, often on a subsistence basis. Because of the importance of the informal sector, accurate economic measures are difficult to obtain. On a per capita basis, real income has stagnated at 1980 levels. The economy grew rapidly between 2003 and 2008 as growing world demand for commodities combined with high prices and favorable weather to support Paraguay's commodity-based export expansion. Paraguay is the sixth largest soy producer in the world. Drought hit in 2008, reducing agricultural exports and slowing the economy even before the onset of the global recession. The economy fell 3.8% in 2009, as lower world demand and commodity prices caused exports to contract. The government reacted by introducing fiscal and monetary stimulus packages. Growth resumed at a 6.5% level in 2010. Political uncertainty, corruption, limited progress on structural reform, and deficient infrastructure are the main obstacles to growth.

Electricity - consumption [time series]

8.5 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 92

Electricity - exports [time series]

45.14 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity - imports [time series]

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - production [time series]

53.19 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 47

Exchange rates [time series]

guarani (PYG) per US dollar - 4,767.6 (2010), 4,965.4 (2009), 4,337.7 (2008), 5,031 (2007), 5,672.8 (2006)

Exports [time series]

$7.606 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 95 $5.784 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities [time series]

soybeans, feed, cotton, meat, edible oils, electricity, wood, leather

Exports - partners [time series]

Brazil 21%, Uruguay 17%, Chile 12%, Argentina 11%, Russia 4% (2009)

GDP (official exchange rate) [time series]

$17.17 billion (2010 est.)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) (GDP (purchasing power parity)) [time series]

$30.94 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 106 $29.06 billion (2009 est.) $30.2 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition, by sector of origin (GDP - composition by sector) [time series]

agriculture: 21.8% industry: 18.2% services: 60.1% (2010 est.)

Real GDP per capita (GDP - per capita (PPP)) [time series]

$4,900 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 149 $4,600 (2009 est.) $4,900 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

Real GDP growth rate (GDP - real growth rate) [time series]

6.5% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 31 -3.8% (2009 est.) 5.8% (2008 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share [time series]

lowest 10%: 1.1% highest 10%: 42.3% (2007)

Imports [time series]

$9.242 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 92 $6.917 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities [time series]

road vehicles, consumer goods, tobacco, petroleum products, electrical machinery, tractors, chemicals, vehicle parts

Imports - partners [time series]

China 30%, Brazil 23%, Argentina 16%, US 5% (2009)

Industrial production growth rate [time series]

6.5% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 49

Industries [time series]

sugar, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel, metallurgic, electric power

Inflation rate (consumer prices) [time series]

4.2% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 123 2.6% (2009 est.)

Investment (gross fixed) [time series]

17.8% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 112

Labor force [time series]

3.038 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 103

Labor force - by occupation [time series]

agriculture: 26.5% industry: 18.5% services: 55% (2008)

Market value of publicly traded shares [time series]

$NA (31 December 2008) $NA (31 December 2007) $409.1 million (31 December 2006)

Natural gas - consumption [time series]

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 116

Natural gas - exports [time series]

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 143

Natural gas - imports [time series]

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 103

Natural gas - production [time series]

0 cu m (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 142

Natural gas - proved reserves [time series]

0 cu m (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 111

Oil - consumption [time series]

27,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 115

Oil - exports [time series]

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 156

Oil - imports [time series]

25,100 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 105

Oil - production [time series]

31 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 112

Oil - proved reserves [time series]

0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 136

Population below poverty line [time series]

19.4% (2008 est.)

Public debt [time series]

22.8% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 105 24% of GDP (2009 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold [time series]

$4.082 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 73 $3.862 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of broad money [time series]

$5.03 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 118 $4.057 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad [time series]

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home [time series]

$2.153 million (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 87 $2.057 million (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit [time series]

$4.395 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 112 $3.607 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of narrow money [time series]

$2.6 billion (31 December 2010 est) country comparison to the world: 115 $2.107 billion (31 December 2009 est)

Unemployment rate [time series]

6.9% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 68 7.9% (2009 est.)

Geography

Area [time series]

total: 406,752 sq km country comparison to the world: 59 land: 397,302 sq km water: 9,450 sq km

Area - comparative [time series]

slightly smaller than California

Climate [time series]

subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west

Coastline [time series]

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation (Elevation extremes) [time series]

lowest point: junction of Rio Paraguay and Rio Parana 46 m highest point: Cerro Pero 842 m

Environment - current issues [time series]

deforestation; water pollution; inadequate means for waste disposal pose health risks for many urban residents; loss of wetlands

International environmental agreements (Environment - international agreements) [time series]

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Total water withdrawal (Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)) [time series]

total: 0.49 cu km/yr (20%/8%/71%) per capita: 80 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates [time series]

23 00 S, 58 00 W

Geography - note [time series]

landlocked; lies between Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil; population concentrated in southern part of country

Irrigated land [time series]

670 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries [time series]

total: 3,995 km border countries: Argentina 1,880 km, Bolivia 750 km, Brazil 1,365 km

Land use [time series]

arable land: 7.47% permanent crops: 0.24% other: 92.29% (2005)

Location [time series]

Central South America, northeast of Argentina

Map references [time series]

South America

Maritime claims [time series]

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards [time series]

local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June)

Natural resources [time series]

hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone

Terrain [time series]

grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the river, and dry forest and thorny scrub elsewhere

Total renewable water resources [time series]

336 cu km (2000)

Government

Administrative divisions [time series]

17 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital city*; Alto Paraguay, Alto Parana, Amambay, Asuncion*, Boqueron, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Neembucu, Paraguari, Presidente Hayes, San Pedro

Capital [time series]

name: Asuncion geographic coordinates: 25 16 S, 57 40 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends second Sunday in April

Constitution [time series]

promulgated 20 June 1992

Country name [time series]

conventional long form: Republic of Paraguay conventional short form: Paraguay local long form: Republica del Paraguay local short form: Paraguay

Diplomatic representation from the US [time series]

Ambassador Liliana AYALDE embassy: 1776 Avenida Mariscal Lopez, Casilla Postal 402, Asuncion mailing address: Unit 4711, APO AA 34036-0001 telephone: [595] (21) 213-715 FAX: [595] (21) 228-603

Diplomatic representation in the US [time series]

chief of mission: Ambassador Rigoberto GAUTO Vielman chancery: 2400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 483-6960 through 6962 FAX: [1] (202) 234-4508 consulate(s) general: Kansas City (Kansas), Los Angeles, Miami, New York

Executive branch [time series]

chief of state: President Fernando Armindo LUGO Mendez (since 15 August 2008); Vice President Federico FRANCO (since 15 August 2008); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Fernando Armindo LUGO Mendez (since 15 August 2008); Vice President Federico FRANCO (since 15 August 2008) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a single five-year term; election last held on 20 April 2008 (next to be held in April 2013) election results: Fernando Armindo LUGO Mendez elected president; percent of vote - Fernando Armindo LUGO Mendez 40.8%, Blanca OVELAR 30.6%, Lino OVIEDO 21.9%, Pedro FADUL 2.4%, other 4.3%

Flag (Flag description) [time series]

three equal, horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue with an emblem centered in the white band; unusual flag in that the emblem is different on each side; the obverse (hoist side at the left) bears the national coat of arms (a yellow five-pointed star within a green wreath capped by the words REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY, all within two circles); the reverse (hoist side at the right) bears a circular seal of the treasury (a yellow lion below a red Cap of Liberty and the words PAZ Y JUSTICIA (Peace and Justice)); red symbolizes bravery and patriotism, white represents integrity and peace, and blue denotes liberty and generosity note: the three color bands resemble those on the flag of the Netherlands; one of only three national flags that differ on their obverse and reverse sides - the others are Moldova and Saudi Arabia

Government type [time series]

constitutional republic

Independence [time series]

14 May 1811 (from Spain)

International organization participation [time series]

CAN (associate), FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch [time series]

Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine judges proposed by the Council of Magistrates or Consejo de la Magistratura, and approved by the Senate and president)

Legal system [time series]

based on Argentine codes, Roman law, and French codes; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court of Justice; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch [time series]

bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (45 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (80 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: Chamber of Senators - last held on 20 April 2008 (next to be held in April 2013); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 20 April 2008 (next to be held in April 2013) election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANR 15, PLRA 14, UNACE 9, PPQ 4, other 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANR 30, PLRA 27, UNACE 15, PPQ 3, APC 2, other 3; note - as of 1 January 2010, the composition of the Chamber of Deputies is ANR 30, PLRA 29, UNACE 15, PPQ 4, other 2

National anthem(s) (National anthem) [time series]

name: "Paraguayos, Republica o muerte!" (Paraguayans, The Republic or Death!) lyrics/music: Francisco Esteban ACUNA de Figueroa/disputed note: adopted 1934, in use since 1846; the anthem was officially adopted following its re-arrangement in 1934

National holiday [time series]

Independence Day, 14 May 1811 (observed 15 May)

Political parties (Political parties and leaders) [time series]

Alianza Patriotica por el Cambio (Patriotic Alliance for Change) or APC [Fernando LUGO]; Asociacion Nacional Republicana - Colorado Party or ANR [Lilian SAMANIEGO]; Movimiento Popolar Tekojoja or Tekojoja [Sixto PEREIRA]; Movimiento Union Nacional de Ciudadanos Eticos or UNACE [Lino Cesar OVIEDO Silva]; Patria Querida (Beloved Fatherland Party) or PPQ [Pedro Nicolas Maraa FADUL Niella]; Partido del Movimiento al Socialismo or P-MAS [Camilo Ernesto SOARES Machado]; Partido Democratica Progresista or PDP [Rafael Augusto FILIZZOLA Serra]; Partido Encuentro Nacional or PEN [Fernando CAMACHO Paredes]; Partido Liberal Radical Autentico or PLRA [Amanda NUNEZ]; Partido Pais Solidario or PPS [Carlos Alberto FILIZZOLA Pallares]

Political parties (Political pressure groups and leaders) [time series]

Ahorristas Estafados or AE; National Coordinating Board of Campesino Organizations or MCNOC [Luis AGUAYO]; National Federation of Campesinos or FNC [Odilon ESPINOLA]; National Workers Central or CNT [Secretary General Juan TORRALES]; Paraguayan Workers Confederation or CPT; Roman Catholic Church; Unitary Workers Central or CUT [Jorge Guzman ALVARENGA Malgarejo]

Suffrage [time series]

18 years of age; universal and compulsory up to age 75

Introduction

Background [time series]

Paraguay achieved its independence from Spain in 1811. In the disastrous War of the Triple Alliance (1865-70) - between Paraguay and Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay - Paraguay lost two-thirds of all adult males and much of its territory. The country stagnated economically for the next half century. Following the Chaco War of 1932-35 with Bolivia, Paraguay gained a large part of the Chaco lowland region. The 35-year military dictatorship of Alfredo STROESSNER ended in 1989, and, despite a marked increase in political infighting in recent years, Paraguay has held relatively free and regular presidential elections since then.

Military

Manpower available for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,640,761 females age 16-49: 1,637,460 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service [time series]

males age 16-49: 1,375,610 females age 16-49: 1,400,597 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually [time series]

male: 72,455 female: 70,910 (2010 est.)

Military and security forces (Military branches) [time series]

Army, National Navy (Armada Nacional, includes Marine Corps, Naval Aviation), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Paraguay, FAP) (2010)

Military expenditures [time series]

1% of GDP (2006 est.) country comparison to the world: 131

Military service age and obligation [time series]

18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months for Army, 24 months for Navy; volunteers for the Air Force must be younger than 22 years of age with a secondary school diploma (2010)

People

Age structure [time series]

0-14 years: 36.7% (male 1,304,115/female 1,260,560) 15-64 years: 58.1% (male 2,043,509/female 2,023,317) 65 years and over: 5.2% (male 168,554/female 195,600) (2010 est.)

Birth rate [time series]

17.73 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 115

Death rate [time series]

4.55 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 199

Education expenditure (Education expenditures) [time series]

4% of GDP (2008) country comparison to the world: 106

Ethnic groups [time series]

mestizo (mixed Spanish and Amerindian) 95%, other 5%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate [time series]

0.6% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 67

HIV/AIDS - deaths [time series]

fewer than 1,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 74

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS [time series]

21,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 78

Infant mortality rate [time series]

total: 23.83 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 88 male: 27.84 deaths/1,000 live births female: 19.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

Languages [time series]

Spanish (official), Guarani (official)

Life expectancy at birth [time series]

total population: 75.99 years country comparison to the world: 72 male: 73.39 years female: 78.71 years (2010 est.)

Literacy [time series]

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94% male: 94.9% female: 93% (2003 est.)

Major infectious diseases [time series]

degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: dengue fever and malaria (2009)

Median age [time series]

total: 24.9 years male: 24.7 years female: 25.1 years (2010 est.)

Nationality [time series]

noun: Paraguayan(s) adjective: Paraguayan

Net migration rate [time series]

-0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 124

Population [time series]

6,375,830 (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 103

Population growth rate [time series]

1.31% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 94

Religions [time series]

Roman Catholic 89.6%, Protestant 6.2%, other Christian 1.1%, other or unspecified 1.9%, none 1.1% (2002 census)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) [time series]

total: 12 years male: 12 years female: 12 years (2007)

Sex ratio [time series]

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

Total fertility rate [time series]

2.16 children born/woman (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 118

Urbanization [time series]

urban population: 60% of total population (2008) rate of urbanization: 2.8% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Transnational Issues

Disputes - international [time series]

unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising for extremist organizations

Illicit drugs [time series]

major illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is consumed in Brazil, Argentina, and Chile; transshipment country for Andean cocaine headed for Brazil, other Southern Cone markets, and Europe; weak border controls, extensive corruption and money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area; weak anti-money-laundering laws and enforcement

Transportation

Airports [time series]

800 (2010) country comparison to the world: 9

Airports - with paved runways [time series]

total: 15 over 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 5 (2010)

Airports - with unpaved runways [time series]

total: 785 1,524 to 2,437 m: 25 914 to 1,523 m: 290 under 914 m: 470 (2010)

Merchant marine [time series]

total: 23 country comparison to the world: 96 by type: cargo 15, carrier 1, container 2, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 6 (Argentina 5, Netherlands 1) (2010)

Ports (Ports and terminals) [time series]

Asuncion, Villeta, San Antonio, Encarnacion

Railways [time series]

total: 36 km country comparison to the world: 132 standard gauge: 36 km 1.435-m gauge (2008)

Roadways [time series]

total: 29,500 km country comparison to the world: 98 paved: 14,986 km unpaved: 14,514 km (2000)

Waterways [time series]

3,100 km (primarily on the Paraguay and Paran� river systems) (2010) country comparison to the world: 33